Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India     

Silpi Chanda  Indira P. Sarethy  Biplab De  Kuldeep Singh 《林业研究》2013,24(4):801-808

The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi-versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biod...  相似文献   

A case of chronic wasting disease in an elk imported to Korea from Canada     

Sohn HJ  Kim JH  Choi KS  Nah JJ  Joo YS  Jean YH  Ahn SW  Kim OK  Kim DY  Balachandran A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(9):855-858

A seven-year-old male elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) was euthanized and necropsied after having a 3-week history of body weight loss, emaciation, excessive salivation, teeth grinding, fever, anorexia, and respiratory distress. The elk was imported into Korea from Canada on March 9, 1997. Gross pathologic findings were restricted to a diffuse fibrinous pneumonia. Microscopic lesions included mild neuronal vacuolation and spongiform change in the neuropil of selected brain stem nuclei and generalized astrocytosis. Immunohistochemistry for protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(res)) was positive in all brain sections but more pronounced in the section of the obex of the medulla. And the PrP(res) was also detected by western immunoblotting in the brain and spinal cord. All the remaining elk and deer that had been in contact with this elk were destroyed and negative for chronic wasting disease (CWD). To our knowledge, this is the first case of CWD occurring outside of the U.S.A. and Canada.  相似文献   

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy identified in a cow imported to Canada from the United Kingdom--a case report.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

S S Chen  K M Charlton  A V Balachandran  B P O'Connor    C C Jenson 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(1):38-40

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Inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated reactions by vanillin     

Kumar SS  Priyadarsini KI  Sainis KB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):139-145

Several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzeimer's and Parkinson's as well as septic shock and inflammation involve formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that include peroxynitrite (PON). PON can also react with endogenous antioxidants. Therefore, dietary supplementation with antioxidants may help in these diseases. An exogenous antioxidant, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), used widely as a food flavoring agent, was evaluated for its ability to scavenge PON and inhibit PON-mediated reactions. Nitration of tyrosine by PON was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This reaction was inhibited by vanillin. The oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 to fluorescent rhodamine 123 was also inhibited by vanillin. The kinetics of reaction between PON and vanillin was studied by stopped-flow technique. The products of this reaction were analyzed by HPLC, and hydroxyvanillin was identified as one of the five products with absorption at 350 nm. These data demonstrate that vanillin effectively scavenges PON in cell-free systems.  相似文献   

Free radical studies of ellagic acid, a natural phenolic antioxidant     

Priyadarsini KI  Khopde SM  Kumar SS  Mohan H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):2200-2206

Ellagic acid, a plant-derived polyphenol, inhibits gamma-radiation (hydroxyl radical) induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. Its antioxidant capacity has been estimated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay. To understand the actual mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity and the free radical scavenging ability,a nanosecond pulse radiolysis technique has been employed. The rate constants for the reactions of several reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species such as hydroxyl, peroxyl, and nitrogen dioxide radicals have been found to be in the range of 10(6)-10(9) M(-1) s(-1). The ellagic acid radicals have been characterized by the absorption spectra and decay kinetics. Studies on the reactions of ellagic acid with the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical and the radicals of ellagic acid with ascorbate have been used to estimate its one-electron reduction potential. Ellagic acid has also been found to be a good scavenger of peroxynitrite. Using stopped-flow reaction analyzer with absorption detection, the rate constant for this reaction has been determined to be 3.7 x 10(3) M(-1) s (-1). The electron spin resonance spectra of the oxidized ellagic acid radicals have been recorded by horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide method.  相似文献   

Proteins specified by bovine herpesvirus-2     

S W Adams  N Balachandran  L M Hutt-Fletcher 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(4):443-448

Polypeptides synthesized in bovine testes cells infected with bovine herpesvirus type 2 were labeled with [35S]methionine and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-eight virus-induced proteins, ranging in molecular weight from 32,000 to 149,000, were detectable by analysis of whole cell lysates between postinfection hours 2 and 36. A similar number was immunoprecipitated by rabbit antiserum to bovine herpesvirus type 2. Twelve proteins incorporated [3H]glucosamine. On the basis of their temporal characteristics and their pattern of synthesis in the presence of cycloheximide and dactinomycin, 3 proteins, including at least one that was nondetectable in the absence of drugs, were classified as alpha proteins, 4 as beta proteins, 1 as a beta/gamma protein, and 27 as gamma proteins. Host cell protein synthesis was not reduced substantially until postinfection hours 22 to 28.  相似文献   

Chronic wasting disease in Canada: Part 1          下载免费PDF全文

Kahn S  Dubé C  Bates L  Balachandran A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(5):397-404

The purpose of part 1 is to provide an overview of published literature (1980-2002) on chronic wasting disease (CWD) to inform Canadian readers about the disease and to explain Canadian regulatory approaches to the surveillance and control of CWD. Much of the scientific information is drawn from American publications obtained from internet searches in PubMed and Medline databases. The following keywords were used: chronic wasting disease, prion, diagnosis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, CWD and deer, CWD and elk, and CWD and environment. The article also presents information from Canadian publications and unpublished observations, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) documents, and both government and nongovernment internet Web sites. The article highlights some different features of CWD in Canada, as compared with the situation in the United States, and mentions public health implications of the disease. It also describes the basis for development of Canada's surveillance and control program. Part 2 will detail the activities and results of the surveillance and control program during 2000 to 2002 and discuss factors that will influence the feasibility of eradicating CWD. Chronic wasting disease appears to have been introduced into Canada through the importation of infected farmed elk from the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s, at a time when little was known about the disease. Since then, eradication efforts in Canada have led to the control of the spread of CWD in the farmed elk industry. Still, management of this disease, especially in free-ranging cervids, is a challenge.  相似文献   

Variable patterns of distribution of PrP(CWD) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease     

Spraker TR  Balachandran A  Zhuang D  O'Rourke KI 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(10):295-302

Sections of medulla oblongata, taken at the level of the obex, palatine tonsil and medial retropharyngeal lymph node from 10,269 captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), were examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody for the prion protein associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, chronic wasting disease (PrP(CWD)). The protein was detected in 226 of them. On the basis of the anatomical location of the deposits in the brainstem of 183 elk, four distinct patterns of distribution of PrP(CWD) within the parasympathetic region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the adjacent nuclei were observed. Mild gross lesions of chronic wasting disease (serous atrophy of fat) were observed in only three elk, all with spongiform degeneration; the other elk were considered to be in the preclinical stage of the disease. In contrast with the relatively predictable distribution of prion protein (PrP) in the brain and cranial nodes of sheep and mule deer, the distribution of PrP(CWD) in the brain and nodes of the elk was more variable and unrelated to their PrP genotype. One hundred and fifty-five of the 226 positive elk had deposits of PrP(CWD) in the brainstem and lymphoid tissues, 43 had deposits only in the lymphoid tissue and 28 had deposits only in the brainstem.  相似文献   

Variability in in vitro macrophage activation by commercially diverse bulk echinacea plant material is predominantly due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides     

Tamta H  Pugh ND  Balachandran P  Moraes R  Sumiyanto J  Pasco DS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):10552-10556

We previously reported that the majority of in vitro monocyte/macrophage activation exhibited by extracts of Echinacea and other botanicals depends upon bacterial lipopolysaccharides and Braun-type bacterial lipoproteins. We determined the contribution made by these bacterial components to the overall immune-enhancing activity detected in E. purpurea and E. angustifolia bulk root and aerial material obtained from six major growers/suppliers in North America. Substantial variation in activity (up to 200-fold) was observed in extracts of these materials when tested in two monocyte/macrophage cell lines. The majority of activity was negated by treatment with agents that target bacterial lipoproteins (lipoprotein lipase) and lipopolysaccharides (polymyxin B). Experiments comparing the activity of freeze-dried, freshly harvested Echinacea plants to those harvested and dried using various commercially relevant conditions suggest that postharvesting procedures do not substantially contribute to the variation observed in the commercial material.  相似文献   

Granulocytopenia associated with thymoma in a domestic shorthaired cat     

Fidel JL  Pargass IS  Dark MJ  Holmes SP 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2008,44(4):210-217

A 5-year-old, spayed female cat was referred because of a mass in the cranial mediastinum noted on thoracic radiographs. A thymoma was diagnosed following ultrasound and biopsy of the mass. Treatment was initiated with coarse-fraction radiation therapy using external-beam therapy (four fractions of 5 Gy). The mass responded, but granulocytopenia developed. Bone marrow examination showed a myeloid to erythroid ratio of approximately 1:1, with a left shift within the myeloid line. These findings, as well as the lack of toxic changes within the peripheral blood neutrophils, suggested immune-mediated destruction of peripheral granulocytes. Immune suppression with prednisone and cyclosporine was instituted. After 7 weeks, the neutrophil count returned to normal. The tumor was removed, and cyclosporine was reduced and eventually discontinued 3 weeks postsurgery.  相似文献