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1.
The rates of hypocotyl and radicle survival and of germination success were investigated in mature acorns ofQuercus variabilis Blume in relation to endosperm loss due to seed insects. The acorns were damaged by curculio weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
and moths, including tortricid moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); the former were more abundant than the latter. Acorns damaged
by curculio weevils showed a significantly lower germination rate when there was a large endosperm loss than the rate for
sound acorns. The survival rate of the hypocotyl and radicle also decreased as endosperm loss increased. These results suggest
that acorn germination is directly inhibited by damage to the hypocotyl and radicle, which depends on the amount of endosperm
eaten by the weevils. However, the germination rate of acorns with hypocotyl and radicle was consistently high, irrespective
of the degree of endosperm loss, which suggests that weevil-damaged acorns probably germinate, provided the hypocotyl and
radicle survive until the cessation of damage.
Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Ministry of Education, Science and
Culture (No. 09001647, No. 10660144, and No. 11460068) and the Nippon Life Insurance Foundation. 相似文献
2.
Gugliuzzo Antonio Biedermann Peter H. W. Carrillo Daniel Castrillo Louela A. Egonyu James P. Gallego Diego Haddi Khalid Hulcr Jiri Jactel Hervé Kajimura Hisashi Kamata Naoto Meurisse Nicolas Li You Oliver Jason B. Ranger Christopher M. Rassati Davide Stelinski Lukasz L. Sutherland Roanne Tropea Garzia Giovanna Wright Mark G. Biondi Antonio 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(3):615-637
We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.
相似文献3.
4.
S. Kajimura K. Uchida T. Yada L.G. Riley J.C. Byatt R.J. Collier K. Aida T. Hirano E.G. Grau 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(3):221-230
We have previously reported growth-promoting effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, after 4 weekly injections or a single injection of slow-releasing formulation (Posilac®) (Leedom et al. 2002). In order to obtain further understanding of the role of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis in growth in the tilapia, the effects of rbGH on plasma and mRNA levels of IGF-I were examined. Plasma IGF-I levels were significantly increased after rbGH and Posilac® injections, and a significant correlation was observed between plasma IGF-I levels, body length and mass in both treatments. IGF-I mRNA levels in the liver and in the skeletal muscle were also significantly increased after rbGH and Posilac® injections, indicating that IGF-I gene expression in these tissues is under control of circulating GH. IGF-I mRNA levels in the gill were not affected by treatment. Liver IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly correlated with body length and with body mass after rbGH and Posilac® injections. These results indicate that the growth-promoting effect of rbGH in this species is mediated to a significant extent via its stimulation of hepatic production of IGF-I and the resulting increase in plasma IGF-I, and also possibly through locally produced IGF-I in the skeletal muscle, acting in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. 相似文献
5.
The gene pool of Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), can be easily accessed in wheat breeding, but remains largely unexplored. In our previous studies, many synthetic hexaploid wheat lines were produced through interspecific crosses between the tetraploid wheat cultivar Langdon and various A. tauschii accessions. The synthetic hexaploid wheat lines showed wide variation in many characteristics. To elucidate the genetic basis of variation in flowering-related traits, we analyzed quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting time to heading, flowering and maturity, and the grain-filling period using four different F2 populations of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. In total, 10 QTLs located on six D-genome chromosomes (all except 4D) were detected for the analyzed traits. The QTL on 1DL controlling heading time appeared to correspond to a flowering time QTL, previously considered to be an ortholog of Eps-A m 1 which is related to the narrow-sense earliness in einkorn wheat. The 5D QTL for heading time might be a novel locus associated with wheat flowering, while the 2DS QTL appears to be an allelic variant of the photoperiod response locus Ppd-D1. Some of the identified QTLs seemed to be novel loci regulating wheat flowering and maturation, including a QTL controlling the grain filling period on chromosome 3D. The exercise demonstrates that synthetic wheat lines can be useful for the identification of new, agriculturally important loci that can be transferred to, and used for the modification of flowering and grain maturation in hexaploid wheat. 相似文献
6.
The association between blue stain fungi andIps cembrae Heer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) was investigated in the Japanese larch,Larix leptolepis Gordon, in the Nagoya University Forest, Aichi Prefecture, central Japan.I. cembrae had one or two generation(s) in a year in this study area. Two blue stain fungi,Ophiostoma piceae andLeptographium sp., were isolated from the body surface of both male adults in mating chambers and female adults in parent galleries, suggesting
that this beetle species was a vector of these fungi. Although no blue stain fungi were isolated from non-stained wood, both
fungi were isolated from the mating chambers, the center and the uppermost end of the galleries throughout the season. The
fact thatO. piceae was consistently isolated with high frequency from adults and from their galleries strongly suggested that this species would
be the principal blue stain fungus infecting the beetle-attacked larch trees. 相似文献
7.
To confirm the pathogenicity of a blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis piceae (Münch) Bakshi to the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the responses of healthy young pine trees and stressed trees which were girdled by the half-circumferential
girdling technique were investigated by the fungal inoculation test. Although neither of the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae in the non-girdled treatment nor the controls died, mortality of the trees girdled and inoculated withC. piceae was 28.6%. In the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae, the mean area of the necrotic lesion of the sapwood was significantly larger than that of the controls, and the mean of
the water pressure potential of the xylem decreased, regardless of the girdling treatment. TheC. piceae was reisolated from the wood pieces near the inoculation points on the inoculated trees, but not from the controls. These
results suggest that under strongly stressed conditions, the Japanese red pine trees might have been killed by heavy infestations
ofC. piceae carried by bark beetles.
A part of this paper was presented at the 103rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1992). 相似文献
8.
Gonadal development and expression profiles of gonadotropin genes in wild sea conger, Ariosoma meeki
S. Ishii Y. Yoshiura S. Kajimura N. Mochioka K. Aida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):95-96
Reproductive physiology of an anguilliform fish, wild sea conger (Ariosoma meeki) was studied. Spawning season of this species is between July and August, and their oocytes showed synchronous development. mRNA levels of GTH subunits increased in accordance with gonadal development and decreased after spawning. Present results were inconsistent with our previous results in artificially matured Japanese eel. 相似文献
9.
Yoshio Kajimura Teruaki Sugiura Katsuaki Suenaga Yoichi Itakura Takeomi Etoh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):176-180
SummaryWe have developed a new garlic growing system from bulbils through transplanting. By this system, extremely small seed bulbils produced bulbs as large as those from cloves of bulbs. In the new system, the bulbils harvested in summer and stored at 18–20°C in winter are grown from the following spring to summer in paper pots, and then transplanted to the field. In Hokkaido, northern Japan, July transplanting produced larger bulbs than August or September transplanting, and the bulbs produced were almost the same size as those of traditional growing methods. One bulbil weighed 75.3±5.6 mg and 84.2±5.4 mg in cv. Furano and a clone, No. 205, respectively, while one clove weighed 5–7g. A clone, H500, produced bulbs of 79.9±3.0.g although its original bulbil weighed only 15.4±0.8.mg. Moreover, this clone produced a great number of bulbils, 250–300, per plant. 相似文献
10.