Complement activation by infectious bursal disease virus and its relevance to virus growth in the lymphoid cells     

K Komine  H Ohta  S Kamata  K Uchida  Y Yoshikawa  K Yamanouchi  H Okada 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(6):1259-1262

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Concentrations and specific antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin-C and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in bovine mammary gland secretions,and inflammatory response to the intramammary inoculation of these toxins     

Kuroishi T  Komine K  Kai K  Itagaki M  Kobayashi J  Ohta M  Kamata S  Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):899-906

To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS.  相似文献   

Mass propagation method from the cutting of three dipterocarp species     

Chikaya Sakai  Atok Subiakto  Hani Sitti Nuroniah  Naoto Kamata  Koji Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(2):73-80

We developed a vegetative propagation system for mass-producing three dipterocarps species,Shorea selanica Bl.,Shorea leprosula Mig., andShorea platyclados Sloot. This system uses fog evaporative cooling inside a greenhouse to reduce the leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (leaf-to-air VPD) inside the propagator, even under high irradiance conditions. This cooling method has no negative influence on medium conditions such as overwetting. A plastic tent propagator combined with this cooling method was used for vegetative propagation experiments. In mass-production experiments, the annual rooting percentages from the cuttings were low in the first 2 years (1997–1998) due to operational problems of the tent propagator (S. selanica, 48–51%;S. leprosula, 56–59%;S. platyclados: 50–63%). A hard cover propagator improved the rooting percentages in the mass-production experiments in 1999 because it made operations easier (S. selanica, 70%;S. leprosula, 77%;S. platyclados, 77%). This system, which uses a combination of fog evaporative cooling and a hard plastic propagator, should be useful for the mass propagation of these dipterocarp planting stocks. This study was carried out under a joint project of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia and Komatsu Ltd. The project was supported by Research Association for Reforestation of Tropical Forest (RETROF) organized by Japanese Forestry Agency.  相似文献   

Effects of silviculture treatments in a hurricane-damaged forest on carbon storage and emissions in central Hokkaido,Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toshiaki Owari  Naoto Kamata  Takeshi Tange  Mikio Kaji  Akio Shimomura 《林业研究》2011,21(1):13-20

Hurricanes cause abrupt carbon reduction in forests, but silviculture treatment can be an effective means of quickly regenerating and restoring hurricane-damaged sites. This study assessed how silviculture treatments affect carbon balance after hurricane damage in central Hokkaido, Japan. We examined carbon storage in trees and underground vegetation as well as carbon emissions from silviculture operations in 25-year-old stands, where scarification and plantation occurred just after hurricane damage. The amount of carbon stored varied according to silviculture treatment. Among three scarification treatments, a scarified depth of 0 cm (understory vegetation removal) led to the largest amount of carbon stored (64.7 t·ha-1 C). Among four plantation treatments, the largest amount of carbon was stored in a Larix hybrid (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) plantation (80.3 t·ha-1 C). The plantation of Abies sachalinensis was not successful at accumulating carbon (40.5·ha-1 C). The amount of carbon emitted from silviculture operations was 0.05-0.14 t·ha-1 C, and it marginally affected the net carbon balance of the silviculture project. Results indicate that silviculture treatments should beperformed in an appropriate way to effectively recover the ability of carbon sequestration in hurricane-damaged forests.  相似文献   

In Vitro Activities of Antifungal Agents against Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes from Animals     

Itoi S  Kano R  Hasegawa A  Kamata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(8):1067-1069

Although the susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungal drugs is well documented in humans, the effectiveness in animals has not been previously investigated. The in vitro susceptibility of 54 clinical isolates from animal dermatophytoses to ketoconazole (KTZ), itaconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TFN) was measured using microdilution assay (CLSI M38-A2 test) and by the E-test (KTZ and ITZ). All 3 drugs showed antifungal activity, while KTZ displayed the broadest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) range (0.125-16 μg/ml) against M. canis and M. gypseum. The MIC of KTZ and ITZ was almost the same for human and animal isolates of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The MIC of TFN was almost the same for dermatophytes isolated from humans and animals.  相似文献   

Comparison of behavioral effects of morphine and fentanyl in dogs and cats     

Kamata M  Nagahama S  Kakishima K  Sasaki N  Nishimura R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):231-234

Behavioral effects induced by intravenous administration of morphine at 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 μg/kg and fentanyl at 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/kg were evaluated in dogs and cats. In dogs, fentanyl and morphine depressed activity and level of consciousness in a dose- dependant manner. In cats, higher doses of fentanyl stimulated activity temporarily, but excitement, so-called "opioid mania," was not observed. Morphine induced distinctive behavioral changes characterized by sitting with fixed staring, and "opioid mania" was not observed in cats.  相似文献   

Vitellogenin, a biomarker for environmental estrogenic pollution, of Reeves' pond turtles: analysis of similarity for its amino acid sequence and cognate mRNA expression after exposure to estrogen     

Tada N  Nakao A  Hoshi H  Saka M  Kamata Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(3):227-234

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Juveniles of threadsail filefish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stephanolepis cirrhifer</Emphasis>, can survive and grow by feeding on moon jellyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aurelia aurita</Emphasis>     

Y. Miyajima  R. Masuda  A. Kurihara  R. Kamata  Y. Yamashita  T. Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(1):41-48

We conducted feeding experiments on threadsail filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer juveniles for 16 days to evaluate the efficacy of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita as a prey item. Four treatments, each with 40 individuals, were prepared to compare fish growth performance. The treatments consisted of filefish that were starved (control) (S), fed only jellyfish (J), fed only krill (K), and fed both jellyfish and krill (JK). Fish in the S treatment exhibited a 50% mortality rate and reduced body weight, whereas the J treatment exhibited a zero mortality rate and increased body weight. Fish in the JK treatments showed a significantly faster growth than those in the K treatment. Filefish consumed as much as 24 and 13 times their own body weight in jellyfish per day in the J and JK treatments, respectively. This is the first report showing that growth can be sustained by feeding a marine fish only jellyfish, and indicates the potential of jellyfish as a fish prey in both nature and captivity.  相似文献   

The antagonist activity of lipid IVa on the stimulation by lipid A of TNF-alpha production from canine blood mononuclear cells     

Takasawa K  Kano R  Maruyama H  Hasegawa A  Kamata H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,143(1-2):167-169

Lipid A, the active component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex. On the other hand, the synthetic precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, tetraacylated lipid IVa, is an agonist for TLR4 and MD-2 complex in murine, equine and feline cells but is an antagonist for lipid A in human cells. The aim of the study was to examine the function of canine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex on canine blood mononuclear cells (BMC), by analyzing lipid A- or lipid IVa-induction of TNF-α production from these cells in order to understand canine innate immune system. After 5-h culture of canine BMC with lipid A (lipid A culture) or lipid IVa (lipid IVa culture), the TNF-α, as determined by ELISA, had increased in the supernatants of the lipid A cultures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the TNF-α was undetectable in supernatant of lipid IVa-treated cultures. The TNF-α was statistically significantly different between the lipid A and lipid IVa cultures (100 and 1000 ng/ml). TNF-α production from canine BMC was inhibited, in a lipid IVa-dose-dependent manner, when the BMC were pre-cultured with lipid IVa for 60 min and then cultured with lipid A for 5h, while in control BMC cultures production if TNF-α was unchanged. These results indicate that the TNF-α production stimulated by lipid A was competed out by pre-exposing the BMC to lipid IVa. Thus, lipid A is an agonist for TNF-α production in canine BMC, whereas lipid IVa appears to be an antagonist against this lipid A stimulation of canine BMC.  相似文献   

Miconazole‐tolerant strains of Malassezia pachydermatis generated by culture in medium containing miconazole     

Rui Kano  Hiroshi Kamata 《Veterinary dermatology》2020,31(2):97-e12

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