Effects of cyclodextrin-iodopropane complex on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility and blood metabolites in steers     

Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Zeenat Ara LILA  Noriko TATSUOKA  Koji HARA  Katsuhiko MIKUNI  Kozo HARA  Shuhei KANDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):131-137

The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients.  相似文献   

Identification of Trichoderma SKT-1, a biological control agent against seedborne pathogens of rice     

Satoshi Watanabe  Kazuo Kumakura  Hideki Kato  Hiroyuki Iyozumi  Masayuki Togawa  Kozo Nagayama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):351-356

Trichoderma SKT-1 was previously reported as a powerful biological control agent against seedborne pathogens of rice, but the taxonomic disposition of the fungal isolate was not clear. Trichoderma SKT-1 produced irregular pyramidal warts on conidia and had an optimum growth temperature of 30°C. Morphological characteristics and colony growth were identical to those of known species of Trichoderma, including the newly recognized species T. asperellum. The 5.8S rDNA with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ca. 514 bp) of the fungus was compared with those of known species to determine the phylogenetic placement of the fungus. The length and sequence of the regions from Trichoderma SKT-1 were completely identical to those of an isolate of T. asperellum NRRL 5242 (AJ230669). On the basis of these results, we concluded that Trichoderma SKT-1 was T. asperellum.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of dehydratase inhibitors in melanin biosynthesis inhibitor (MBI-D) resistance by primer-introduced restriction enzyme analysis in scytalone dehydratase gene of Magnaporthe grisea     

Kaku K  Takagaki M  Shimizu T  Nagayama K 《Pest management science》2003,59(8):843-846

We have established a simple diagnosis method for rice blast fungus resistant to MBI-D. This involves the preparation of PCR templates directly from the lesions in combination with primer-introduced restriction enzyme analysis PCR (PIRA-PCR).  相似文献   

Comparison of macrophage scavenger receptor-A knockout mice with wild type ones in the immune response against repeated infestation with Haemaphysalis longicornis     

Kabamoto S  Bhagat NA  Suzuki H  You M  Kamio T  Tsuji N  Claveria FG  Nagasawa H  Igarashi I  Toyoda Y  Fujisaki K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(4):355-359

Using macrophage scavenger receptor-A knockout (SRKO) mice, we examined the role of macrophage class A scavenger receptors (MRS-A) on the immune response and acquisition of host resistance against repeated infestation with Haemaphysalis longicornis. Except for one batch of nymphs that infested one of the SRKO (SR-/-) mice and showed no appreciable reduction in body weight, all the other groups of nymphs manifested significant decrease in body weight. Both SR-/- and wild type (SR+/+) mice showed a sustained increase in anti-tick antibody titers, but SR+/+ mice showed significantly higher titers. The IFN-gamma assayed in SR-/- mouse immune sera was substantially less compared with that in SR+/+ mice. Immune sera from SR-/- and SR+/+ mice recognized the 51 and 44 kDa, and 44 kDa proteins, respectively, of the salivary gland antigen. The difference in the level of anti-tick resistance manifested by both groups of mice may be influenced by less efficient trapping and processing of tick antigens by macrophages in mice lacking for the macrophage scavenger receptors, and consequently affected the cascade of Th1 and Th2 responses. We have thus obtained valuable data that strongly infer the role of MSR-A in enhancing host defense against repeated infestation with H. longicornis.  相似文献   

不同密度30年生马尾松林分生产结构与现存量的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

陈学群  朱配演 《福建林业科技》1994,21(2):19-23

对不同密度３０年生马尾松人工林调查的结果表明：平均胸径随立木密度的增大而减少，平均树高受立木密度的影响较小；干、枝、叶和根等林分现存量随立木密度的增大而减少；单位叶量的材积生产力随立木密度的增大呈抛物线状态。  相似文献   

Solute diffusion into cell walls in solution-impregnated wood under conditioning process I: effect of relative humidity on solute diffusivity     

Soichi Tanaka  Masako Seki  Tsunehisa Miki  Ichinori Shigematsu  Kozo Kanayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2015,61(6):543-551

  相似文献   

Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates     

Iwai K  Hasegawa T  Taguchi Y  Morimatsu F  Sato K  Nakamura Y  Higashi A  Kido Y  Nakabo Y  Ohtsuki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6531-6536

In the present study, we identified several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates. Healthy human volunteers ingested the gelatin hydrolysates (9.4-23 g) from porcine skin, chicken feet, and cartilage after 12 h of fasting. Negligible amounts of the peptide form of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were observed in human blood before the ingestion. After the oral ingestion, the peptide form of Hyp significantly increased and reached a maximum level (20-60 nmol/mL of plasma) after 1-2 h and then decreased to half of the maximum level at 4 h after the ingestion. Major constituents of food-derived collagen peptides in human serum and plasma were identified as Pro-Hyp. In addition, small but significant amounts of Ala-Hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro-Hyp-Gly, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, and Phe-Hyp were contained.  相似文献   

Relationship between reservoir size and genetic differentiation of the stream caddisfly Stenopsyche marmorata     

Kozo Watanabe  Tatsuo Omura 《Biological conservation》2007,136(2):203-211

Reservoirs have the potential to block the gene flow of stream macroinvertebrates along a channel, which takes place via larval drift and adult flight, resulting in genetic differentiation above and below the reservoirs. Gene flow across the reservoirs may be strongly obstructed if the area of standing water is larger. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, we investigated the genetic structure of Stenopsyche marmorata (Stenopsychidae: Trichoptera) populations found above and below the reservoirs, and the reference stream of six reservoirs with small to large water surface area ranging from 0.12 km² to 6.00 km². As a result, the two largest reservoirs with a standing water area larger than 3.27 km² showed significant differences in pairwise θ between fragmented and reference streams, whereas the other four reservoirs with a standing water area smaller than 1.64 km² showed insignificant differences. The genetic differentiations in the two largest reservoirs did not result in the reduction of genetic diversities in the fragments. Based on the significant correlation between relative population size and mean expected heterozygosity, we concluded that local genetic diversities were constrained in smaller populations due to the effect of genetic drift.  相似文献   

Effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro     

Noriko AJISAKA  Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Koji HARA  Katsuhiko MIKUNI  Kozo HARA  Hitoshi HASHIMOTO  Takako KUMATA  Shuhei KANDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):479-484

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production, and protozoal activity in vitro. Medium‐chain fatty acid‐CDs used in this study were caprylic acid (C8)‐αCD or ‐βCD, capric acid (C10)‐αCD or ‐βCD, and lauric acid (C12)‐αCD or ‐βCD. A 60‐mL of diluted rumen fluid was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the addition of the complex (10–40 mg as fatty acid). Each of the fatty acid‐CDs reduced the number of protozoa, with the order C10 > C12 > C8, and βCD complexes were more effective than αCD complexes. Molar proportions of acetic acid remained unchanged with the addition of fatty acid‐CD, while that of propionic acid increased, being significant for C8‐αCD and βCD, and C10‐αCD and βCD (P < 0.05). Hydrogen production decreased by about 70% of control with the addition of 40 mg of C8 and C10‐CD, on the other hand, it tended to increase with the addition of C12‐CD in both αCD and βCD. Methane production decreased by about 20% with the addition of 40 mg of complexes, except for C10‐βCD, which significantly reduced methane production by about 60%. In conclusion, the addition of C8 or C10‐CD to ruminant diets may be effective in reducing methane production.  相似文献   

Molecular epidemiological survey of benign Theileria parasites of cattle in Japan: detection of a new type of major piroplasm surface protein gene     

Kim JY  Yokoyama N  Kumar S  Inoue N  Yamaguchi T  Sentoku S  Fujisaki K  Sugimoto C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):251-256

Benign Theileria species of cattle are found in most parts of the world. The major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP), a conserved protein in all Theileria species, has been used as a maker for epidemiological and phylogenetical studies of benign Theileria species. Parasites with Ikeda- or Chitose-type MPSP genes are dominant in Japan, but we report here mixed infection cases of Theileria parasites with an additional MPSP type parasite infecting cattle in Abashiri District, Hokkaido. The MPSP gene sequence found in the additional type was closely related to MPSP genes of Theileria parasites found in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand (Narathiwat) and Indonesia (Java). Theileria parasites from the blood sample were also distinguishable from the Ikeda or Chitose type parasites by the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis, and they are grouped into the SSU rRNA types C/D found in Korea, North America, and Spain. The present finding of mixed infections of cattle with three different types of Theileria makes epidemiological feature of bovine theileriosis in Japan more complex. We have designed a set of primers specific to this MPSP type in order to conduct further epidemiological study.  相似文献