排序方式： 共有7条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina Natalia A. Ushakova Ksenia A. Zyuzina Maria I. Bilan Anna L. Elizarova Oksana V. Somonova Albina V. Madzhuga Vadim B. Krylov Marina E. Preobrazhenskaya Anatolii I. Usov Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy Nikolay E. Nifantiev 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2444-2458
Three structurally different fucoidans from the brown seaweeds Saccharina latissima (SL), Fucus vesiculosus (FV), and Cladosiphon okamuranus (CO), two chemically modified fucoidans with a higher degree of sulfation (SL-S, CO-S), and a synthetic totally sulfated octasaccharide (OS), related to fucoidans, were assessed on anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities in different in vitro experiments. The effects were shown to depend on the structural features of the compounds tested. Native fucoidan SL with a degree of sulfation (DS) of 1.3 was found to be the most active sample, fucoidan FV (DS 0.9) demonstrated moderate activity, while the polysaccharide CO (DS 0.4) was inactive in all performed experiments, even at high concentrations. Additional introduction of sulfate groups into fucoidan SL slightly decreased the anticoagulant effect of SL-S, while sulfation of CO, giving rise to the preparation CO-S, increased the activity dramatically. The high level of anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides SL, SL-S, and CO-S was explained by their ability to form ternary complexes with ATIII-Xa and ATIII-IIa, as well as to bind directly to thrombin. Synthetic per-O-sulfated octasaccharide OS showed moderate anticoagulant effect, determined mainly by the interaction of OS with the factor Xa in the presence of ATIII. Comparable tendencies were observed in the antithrombotic properties of the compounds tested. 相似文献
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Predicting canopy macrolichen diversity and abundance within old-growth inland temperate rainforests
Windward slopes of the inland mountain ranges in British Columbia support a unique inland temperate rainforest (ITR) ecosystem. Increasing fragmentation and the loss of old ITR stands have highlighted the need for determining conservation biology priorities among remaining old forest stands. We have addressed this issue by surveying foliose macrolichens within 53 old ITR stands in British Columbia's 135,000 ha very wet-cool interior-cedar hemlock (ICHvk2) biogeoclimatic subzone in the upper Fraser River watershed. Study plots were stratified by leading tree species and by “wet” versus “dry” relative soil moisture conditions. Other plot variables included: temperature, precipitation, incident solar loading, and canopy openness. Ordination plots showed a distinct assemblage of foliose cyanolichens, including Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria retigera, Sticta fuliginosa, Nephroma isidiosum, Nephroma occultum, and Pseudocyphellaria anomala, whose abundance was correlated with increasing relative soil moisture, temperature, canopy openness, precipitation, and basal area of spruce. Logistic regression models similarly identified relative soil moisture and temperature in all parsimonious models. Leading tree species, in combination with “wet” relative soil moisture and/or temperature, were important factors explaining the presence or absence of five (Cavernularia hultenii, L. retigera, N. occultum, Platismatia norvegica, and Sticta oroborealis) of the eight modeled old-growth associate lichen species. This combination of conditions favouring the development of canopy lichen communities in old forests was best expressed in low elevation water receiving sites. We hypothesize that groundwater availability in these sites promotes species richness and abundance of canopy lichens by creating more favourable conditions for growth, and by reducing fire return intervals which allows for the accumulation of rare species over time. Historically, forests in these wet “toe-slope” positions were disproportionately targeted for logging. Their conservation should now be a high priority, given their disproportionate significance to maintaining canopy lichen diversity in the present-day landscapes. 相似文献
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Mating disruption tactics involve the deployment of pheromones to interfere with mate finding behaviors in insect populations. This management strategy is the dominant one used against expanding gypsy moth populations in the United States, and historically it has been assumed to be most effective against low-density populations. Operationally, mating disruption is used in areas where the season-long trap catch is <30 males/trap, however the maximum population density at which mating disruption is effective remains unknown. We analysed historical gypsy moth mating disruption treatment data from 2000 to 2010, and used this information to guide the mating disruption field studies conducted from 2012 to 2015 against artificially-created populations of various densities, from 0 to 116 males/trap/day. We observed that mating disruption tactics at a dose of 15 g AI/ha were effective against gypsy moth populations with a season-long trap catch of at least 115 males/trap. This research highlights the utility of mating disruption in higher gypsy moth densities than what is currently recommended in management programs. 相似文献
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Ekaterina Savelyeva Anna Kalegina Ksenia Boris Elena Kochieva Alexander Kudryavtsev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(7):1499-1511
Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism (S-SAP)-analysis of 131 accessions of different species from five sections of the genus Malus was carried out to study genetic diversity, and to clarify phylogenetic and taxonomic issues. S-SAP-markers, based on long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons TRIM2 and dem1, were developed, which identified 679 polymorphic fragments in the studied Malus species. S-SAP technique proved to be effective for taxonomic studies in Malus. The obtained results generally support the existing sectional taxonomy in the genus Malus and allowed to determine the taxonomic status of some Russian landraces. The genetic diversity and taxonomic status of the Russian apple Antonovka landraces, widely used in breeding programs for their increased adaptation to abiotic stress and scab resistance, were clarified. All of them belong to M. domestica, section Malus. However, Antonovka Olginskaya might have a hybrid origin with some contribution from Gymnomeles species according to PCO analysis data. The taxonomic status was resolved for another Russian landrace, Yakutskaya, which exhibits increased winter hardiness and drought resistance; it belongs to section Gymnomeles, with a high resemblance to M. baccata. 相似文献
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Ivan Romashkin Ekaterina Shorohova Ekaterina Kapitsa Natalia Galibina Ksenia Nikerova 《European Journal of Forest Research》2018,137(5):643-657
Narrowing the uncertainties in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) can significantly improve our understanding of forest ecosystem functioning. We examined C, N and pH dynamics in the least studied CWD component—tree bark in a 66-year-long decomposition chronosequence. The relative C concentration decreased by ca. 32% in pine bark, increased by ca. 18% in birch bark and remained stable in spruce and aspen bark. Nitrogen increased in bark of all tree species. In conifer bark, it increased along with epixylic succession. Over 45 years, the relative C/N ratio in bark decreased by 63 and 45% for coniferous and deciduous species, respectively. Bark pH did not change. Due to bark fragmentation, the total C and N amounts in bark of individual logs of aspen, birch, pine and spruce decreased at average rates of 0.03, 0.02, 0.26 and 0.05 year?1, and 0.02, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.03 year?1, respectively. At the forest stand level, the total amounts of C and N in log bark were 853 and 21 kg ha?1 or 11.2 and 45.5% of the C and N amounts stored in downed logs and ca. 2.3–3.8 and 2.2–2.4%, respectively, of total C and N amounts stored in forest litter. In boreal forests, decomposing log bark may act as a long-term source of N for wood-inhabiting communities. 相似文献
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