Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda     

Leonard Omadang  Martin Chamai  Emmanuel Othieno  Andrew Okwi  Francis Olaki Inangolet  Francis Ejobi  Peter Oba  Michael Ocaido 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):11-17

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.  相似文献   

Ontogeny and kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)     

Wei Hu  Zhi Luo  Kang-Sen Mai  Cai-Xia Liu  Jia-Lang Zheng 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(6):1393-1401

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On the Analysis of EMCS and Its Application in the Project of Shenzhen Underground     

LI Mai  QIN Xiaoguang 《保鲜与加工》2002,(3):117-121

In this paper, the selection of type, function and technological requirements of EMCS for Shenzhen Underground has been introduced.Based on the investigation for EMCS's worldwide applications and the analysis of practice in Shenzhen Underground, the comparison and selection of PLC and DDC have been done completely.At the same time,the introduction of EMCS is organized by the center level, station level and the spot level.  相似文献   

Detection of Oestrus in Bunaji Cows under Field Conditions     

Mai HM  Ogwu D  Eduvie LO  Voh AA 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(1):35-47

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of some aids for detectiong oestrus in 72 Bunaji cows synchronized using two injections of prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) 13 days apart. Blood samples to determine the accuracy of the aids and ovarian activity by radioimmunoassay technique were collected daily from the day of the second PGF₂ injection until oestrus or for 168 hours for `non-responders'. The aids for detecting oestrus, tail painting, KaMar detectors and a chin-ball mating device (CMD) were applied at the time of the second injection.The oestrus response rate was 73.6% and 61.1%, from the serum progesterone concentration and visual observation, respectively. Based on the total number of oestrus events observed, unaided visual observation, tail painting, KaMar and CMD detected 52.2%, 82.6%, 82.6% and 76.8%, respectively. Visual observation of standing oestrus alone failed to detect 47.8% of the occurrence of oestrus as shown by the concentration of progesterone in the serum and 30.4%, 30.4% and 24.6%, respectively, of the oestrus periods recorded by tail painting, KaMar and CMD. Twenty-eight cows showed abnormalities in progesterone concentration.These investigations showed that oestrus may be detected by using the aids in cows that have been regarded as `anoestrous' by visual observation of standing heat.  相似文献   

Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Oba  Gufu  Post  Eric  Syvertsen  P.O.  Stenseth  N.C. 《Landscape Ecology》2000,15(6):535-546

Progressive growth of bush cover in dry savannahs is responsible for declines in range conditions. In southern Ethiopia, the Booran pastoralists assisted our understanding of spatial patterns of bush cover and range conditions in 54 landscape patch types grouped into six landscape units within an area of 30000 km². The size of landscape patches sampled was 625 m². We assessed the relationships between bush cover, grass cover and bare soil and grazing pressure and soil erosion and changes in range condition. Externally, political conflicts and internally, break down of land use, and official bans on the use of fire promoted bush cover and the decline in range conditions. Bush cover was negatively correlated with grass cover, and positively correlated with bare soil. Grass cover was negatively correlated with bare soil and grazing pressure in most landscape patch types. Grazing pressure was not significantly correlated with bush cover or bare soil, while soil erosion was directly related to bare soil. Soil erosion was absent in 64% of the landscape patch types, and seemingly not a threat to the rangelands. The relationship between bush cover, grass cover, bare soil and soil erosion is complex and related to climate, landscape geology, and patterns of land use. Main threats to range conditions are bush climax, loss of grass cover and unpalatable forbs. Currently, >70% of the landscape patch types are in poor to fair range conditions. Decline in range conditions, unless reversed, will jeopardise the pastoral production system in southern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

金钱豹消化试验     

黎绘宏  李婉萍  黄志宏  王兴金  张盈盈  原浩华  任浩斌  麦宴威 《野生动物》2006,27(6):32-34

为探讨金钱豹对含植物性成分的混合日粮的消化情况,采用市售某品牌罐装犬粮(简称罐头组)饲喂7只金钱豹,测定其主要营养成分的表观消化率,同时设牛肉和瘦猪肉组成的纯肉日粮(简称纯肉组)作为对照。结果表明,纯肉组干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、能量等主要营养成分的表观消化率分别为：(97．37±0．69)％、(98 98±0．32)％、(97．78±0．47)％、(98．30±0 43)％,罐头组干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、能量等主要营养成分的表观消化率分别为：(74．49±4．18)％、(85．74±1．50)％、(90．45±5．02)％、(94．92±3．27)％。其中干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率组问呈极显著差异(P＜0．01),脂肪的表观消化率组间达显著差异(P＜0．05),而能量的表观消化率组间差异不显著(P＞0．05)。  相似文献   

Alternative low doses and routes of administering a prostaglandin F2�� analogue to induce luteolysis in Nelore cows     

Cezinande Meira  Valsair Matos Pessoa  Jo?o Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira  Gustavo Henrique M. Araujo  Marilu M. Gioso  Sony Dimas Bicudo  Eunice Oba  Cassia Orlandi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):387-390

The present study was conducted in order to verify the efficacy of lower doses and alternative routes of a prostaglandin F2α analogue, luprostiol (PGF), for the induction of luteolysis and the precipitation of estrus in nonlactating Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus). A conventional dose (15 mg) of PGF was compared to doses lower than the conventional dose, which ranges from 10 to 50%, that were administered intramuscularly (IM), intravulvosubmucosally (IVSM), or in the Bai-hui acupuncture site located within the lumbosacral area. The cows were administered PGF 8 day after estrus in the presence of a corpus luteum, and randomly assigned to the following groups: G1 (positive control), 15 mg, IM (n = 23); G2, 7.5 mg, IM (n = 23); G3, 3.75 mg, IM (n = 24); G4, 7.5 mg, IVSM (n = 25); G5, 3.75 mg, Bai-hui acupoint (n = 24); and G6, 1.5 mg, Bai-hui acupoint (n = 25). The results indicated that 50% of a conventional dose of PGF (7.5 mg) resulted in a complete luteal regression (plasma progesterone <1 ng/ml) at Hour 48, and hastened estrus, regardless of whether or not PGF was administered IM or IVSM. Comparatively, 10 or 25% of the conventional dose, even when administered to the Bai-hui acupoint, resulted in an initial reduction in the concentration of progesterone at Hour 24, followed by an increase observed at Hour 48. In conclusion, 25% of a conventional PGF dose administered via the Bai-hui acupoint proved inadequate to induce a complete luteal regression, whereas 50% of a conventional dose administered IM or IVSM was found to be the minimal dose required to induce effectively a complete luteal regression, and to precipitate the onset of estrus in nonlactating Nelore cows.  相似文献   

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ULTRASOUND AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN 87 CATS WITH URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION          下载免费PDF全文

Jonathan R. Nevins  Wilfried Mai  Emily Thomas 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(4):439-447

Urethral obstruction is a life‐threatening form of feline lower urinary tract disease. Ultrasonographic risk factors for reobstruction have not been previously reported. Purposes of this retrospective cross‐sectional study were to describe urinary tract ultrasound findings in cats following acute urethral obstruction and determine whether ultrasound findings were associated with reobstruction. Inclusion criteria were a physical examination and history consistent with urethral obstruction, an abdominal ultrasound including a full evaluation of the urinary system within 24 h of hospitalization, and no cystocentesis prior to ultrasound examination. Medical records for included cats were reviewed and presence of azotemia, hyperkalemia, positive urine culture, and duration of hospitalization were recorded. For medically treated cats with available outcome data, presence of reobstruction was also recorded. Ultrasound images were reviewed and urinary tract characteristics were recorded. A total of 87 cats met inclusion criteria. Common ultrasound findings for the bladder included echogenic urine sediment, bladder wall thickening, pericystic effusion, hyperechoic pericystic fat, and increased urinary echoes; and for the kidneys/ureters included pyelectasia, renomegaly, perirenal effusion, hyperechoic perirenal fat, and ureteral dilation. Six‐month postdischarge outcomes were available for 61 medically treated cats and 21 of these cats had reobstruction. No findings were associated with an increased risk of reobstruction. Ultrasonographic perirenal effusion was associated with severe hyperkalemia (P = 0.009, relative risk 5.75, 95% confidence interval [1.54–21.51]). Findings supported the use of ultrasound as an adjunct for treatment planning in cats presented with urethral obstruction but not as a method for predicting risk of reobstruction.  相似文献   

散体物料孔隙率测定装置设计与试验     

李长友  方壮东  麦智炜 《农业机械学报》2014,45(10):200-206

为了提高散体物料孔隙率检测精度及可靠性,基于理想气体状态方程,按照气体置换法,研制了一种定容型散体物料孔隙率的快速测定装置,开发了自动检测控制系统。在设定的0.1~0.4 MPa测量范围内,采用可精确测得其体积且形态各异的标准不锈钢球体、塑料四棱柱体、鹅卵石以及细石子的试验结果发现,系统的充气压力越高,测量误差相对越小且重复性越好。采用标准不锈钢球体与圆柱体,在孔隙率分别为16.02%、25.14%、35.57%、49.05%、58.42%、67.79%、76.57%、85.36%、94.14%的标准条件下,给出了补偿系数的计算式。在样品填充率分别为25%、50%、75%、100%,充气上限压力为0.4 MPa的试验条件下,检测湿基含水率为13.5%的稻谷的试验结果显示,测量误差极差为0.3%,证实了测量结果的可靠性。  相似文献   

Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles fed isoenergetic diets in floating net cages   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Z. Luo  Y.J. Liu  K.S. Mai  L.X. Tian  D.H. Liu  & X.Y. Tan 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2004,10(4):247-252

An experiment to determine the optimal protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles was conducted in floating net cages (1.5 m × 1 m × 1.5 m). Six isoenergetic fishmeal–casein‐based experimental diets containing 350–600 g kg^?1 crude protein (CP) were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (10.7 ± 0.2 g) for 56 days. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein level from 350 to 450 g kg^?1 and then plateaued above these levels. Feed intake (FI) showed no significant difference among fish fed more than 350 g kg^?1 CP. Lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found for fish fed 500 g kg^?1 CP but this was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 450 and 600 g kg^?1 CP. Lowest protein efficiency ratio (PER) was found for fish fed 550 and 600 g kg^?1 CP. Fish fed the 600 g kg^?1 CP had the highest body protein and moisture contents but the lowest body lipid content. Body ash content was unaffected by protein level for fish fed >400 g kg^?1 CP. Dietary protein level had no significant effect on hepatosomatic index (HSI). Fish fed the 350 g kg^?1 CP had significantly lower condition factor (CF) and viscerosomatic index (VSI). Based on broken‐line regression analysis of SGR the optimal dietary protein requirement for E. coioides juveniles was determined to be close to 480 g kg^?1.  相似文献