Efficacy and safety of an infectious bursal disease virus intermediate vaccine in ovo.     

M Coletti  E Del Rossi  M P Franciosini  F Passamonti  G Tacconi  C Marini 《Avian diseases》2001,45(4):1036-1043

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Effect of fenoldopam on renal function after nephrotomy in normal dogs     

Zimmerman-Pope N  Waldron DR  Barber DL  Forrester SD  Wilcke JR  Marini M 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(6):566-573

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of fenoldopam on renal function in normal dogs subjected to bisection nephrotomy. In addition, effects of bisection nephrotomy on renal function in normal dogs were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen mixed-breed adult dogs. METHODS: Dogs were paired for sex, body weight, and approximate age and assigned to 1 of 2 groups: fenoldopam (F) or placebo (P). Baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on quantitative renal scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-DTPA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), urinalysis, and urine culture were performed before surgery. Left nephrotomy was performed via median celiotomy. Group F dogs were administered intravenous (IV) fenoldopam (0.1 microg/kg/min) for 90 minutes, whereas group P dogs were administered an equivalent volume of saline (0.9 % NaCl) solution for 90 minutes. Temperature, heart rate, respiration, direct arterial blood pressure, and urine volume were recorded during anesthesia. Renal function was assessed by measuring SCr, BUN, and GFR at 1, 21, and 42 days after surgery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in measured physiologic variables. No significant difference in GFR, BUN, or SCr between groups or between operated or control kidneys was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Bisection nephrotomy in normal dogs with renal arterial occlusion of 15 minutes and using a simple continuous capsular closure does not adversely affect renal function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bisection nephrotomy, as described in this study, does not decrease renal function; perioperative administration of renoprotective agents is not necessary in normal dogs.  相似文献   

Exploiting trap color to improve surveys of longhorn beetles     

Cavaletto  Giacomo  Faccoli  Massimo  Marini  Lorenzo  Spaethe  Johannes  Giannone  Filippo  Moino  Simone  Rassati  Davide 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(3):871-883

Journal of Pest Science - Longhorn beetles are commonly moved among continents within wood packaging materials used in trades. Visual inspections carried out at points of entry often fail to detect...  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its major metabolite after intramuscular administration in piglets     

C. Vullo  T.‐W. Kim  M. Meligrana  C. Marini  M. Giorgi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(6):603-606

Tramadol (T) is a centrally acting atypical opioid used for treatment of dogs. Piglets might experience pain following castration, tooth clipping and tail docking and experimental procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of T and its active metabolite M1 in male piglets after a single intramuscular injection. Six healthy male piglets were administered T (5 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Blood was sampled at scheduled time intervals and drug plasma concentrations evaluated by a validated HPLC method. T plasma concentration was quantitatively detectable from 0.083 to 8 h. M1 was quantified over a shorter time period (0.083–6 h) with a T_max at 0.821 h. The study demonstrated that piglets produce a larger amount of M1 compared with dogs, horses and goats. The human minimum effective concentration of M1 (40 ng/mL) was exceeded for over 3 h in piglets. If it is assumed to also apply to piglets, it could be speculated that the drug efficacy might exert its action over 3 h or longer. This assumption has to be confirmed by further specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies.  相似文献   

Disentangling effects of habitat diversity and area on orthopteran species with contrasting mobility     

Lorenzo Marini  Riccardo Bommarco  Andrea Battisti 《Biological conservation》2010,143(9):2164-136

Loss of semi-natural grasslands and reduction of habitat diversity are considered major potential threats to arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. The main aim of this study was to investigate how area and habitat diversity, mediated by shrub encroachment after grassland abandonment, affect species richness of orthopterans in island-like grasslands, and how contrasting mobility might alter species richness response to both factors. We selected 35 isolated patches in landscapes dominated by arable land (durum wheat) in order to obtain two statistically uncorrelated gradients: (i) one in habitat area ranging from 0.2 to 55 ha and (ii) one in habitat diversity ranging from patches dominated by one habitat (either open grasslands or shrublands) to patches with a mosaic of different habitats. Habitat loss due to land-use conversion into arable fields was associated with a substantial loss of species with a positive species-area relationship (SAR), with sedentary species having a steeper and stronger SAR than mobile species. Halting habitat loss is, therefore, needed to avoid further species extinctions. Shrub encroachment, triggered by abandonment, presented a hump-shaped relationship with habitat diversity. An increase in habitat diversity enhanced species richness irrespective of patch area and mobility. Maintaining or enhancing habitat diversity, by cutting or burning small sectors and by reintroducing extensive sheep grazing into abandoned grassland, are suggested as complementary strategies to mitigate further decline of orthopteran diversity in the remnant patches. This would be equally important in both small and large patches.  相似文献   

The Effect of Misoprostol on Aspirin-Induced Gastroduodenal Lesions in Dogs   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Spencer A. Johnston  Michael S. Leib  S. Dru Forrester  Michele Marini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(1):32-38

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E₁, analog, is effective in treating and preventing nonsteroidal antiin-flammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastrointestinal lesions in humans. The effectiveness of misoprostol in preventing aspirin-induced gastroduodenal injury was studied in 3 groups of 6 adult mixed breed dogs. Group I received 3 μg/kg misoprostol PO tid. Group II received 3 μg/kg misoprostol PO tid and 35 mg/kg aspirin PO tid. Group III received 35 mg/kg aspirin PO tid. Endoscopy was performed on days 0, 5, 14, and 30. Five regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract were qualitatively scored from 1 to 12 based on the presence of submucosal hemorrhage, erosion, or ulceration, with ulceration receiving a higher numerical score than submucosal hemorrhage. A total score was assigned based on the sum of the scores from all regions. Comparisons among groups on each day were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences within a group among different time periods were determined using appropriate multiple comparisons. Significant difference in mean gastroduodenal lesion score was found among all groups at 5, 14, and 30 days. Mean total score on days 5, 14, and 30 were as follows: group 1,5.0,5.2, 9.0; group II, 12.0, 12.7, 16.2; and group III, 26.0, 23.8, 21.5, respectively. Significant differences within a group among different time periods were found from days 0 to 5 in groups I and II, and from days 14 to 30 in group I. It was concluded that misoprostol effectively decreased endoscopically detectable mucosal lesions in dogs given aspirin.  相似文献   

Chemical authentication of extra virgin olive oil varieties by supervised chemometric procedures.     

Remo Bucci  Andrea D Magrí  Antonio L Magrí  Domenico Marini  Federico Marini 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(3):413-418

This work has focused on discriminating extra virgin olive oils from Sabina (Lazio, Italy) by olive fruit variety (cultivar). A set of oils from five of the most widespread cultivars (Carboncella, Frantoio, Leccino, Moraiolo, and Pendolino) in this geographical area was analyzed for chemical composition using only the Official Analytical Methods, recognized for the quality control and commercial classification of this product. The obtained data set was converted into a computer-compatible format, and principal component analysis (PCA) and a method based on the Fisher F ratio were used to reduce the number of variables without a significant loss of chemical information. Then, to differentiate these samples, two supervised chemometric procedures were applied to process the experimental data: linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural network (ANN) using the back-propagation algorithm. It was found that both of these techniques were able to generalize and correctly predict all of the samples in the test set. However, these results were obtained using 10 variables for LDA and 6 (the major fatty acid percentages, determined by a single gas chromatogram) for ANN, which, in this case, appears to provide a better prediction ability and a simpler chemical analysis. Finally, it is pointed out that, to achieve the correct authentication of all samples, the selected training set must be representative of the whole data set.  相似文献   

Evidence of West Nile virus lineage 2 circulation in Northern Italy     

Savini G  Capelli G  Monaco F  Polci A  Russo F  Di Gennaro A  Marini V  Teodori L  Montarsi F  Pinoni C  Pisciella M  Terregino C  Marangon S  Capua I  Lelli R 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):267-273

A West Nile virus (WNV) strain belonging to lineage 2 was for the first time detected in two pools of Culex pipiens collected in the province of Udine and in tissues of a wild collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) found dead in the province of Treviso, in North East of Italy. It was molecularly identified by group and WNV lineage specific RT-PCRs and characterized by partial sequencing of the NS3 and NS5 genes. When compared with the sequences of same fragments of NS3 and NS5 of the WNV lineage 2 strain isolated from birds of prey in Hungary (2004), the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed 100% and 99% similarity, respectively. As the Hungarian strain, the NS3 selected sequence differed from the 2010 Greek isolate by one amino-acid located at 249 site which is the site involved in genetic modulation of WNV pathogenicity. The Italian and Hungarian strains have histidine rather than proline at this site. The presence of a lineage 2 strain in regions where the lineage 1 strain is still circulating, creates a new scenario with unpredictable consequences. In this situation comprehensive investigations on the occurrence, ecology, and epidemiology of these different WNV strains circulating in Italy become the highest priority.  相似文献   

Major current and future gaps of Brazilian reserves to protect Neotropical savanna birds     

Miguel Ângelo Marini  Morgane Barbet-Massin 《Biological conservation》2009,142(12):3039-3050

We tested the prediction that climate-driven changes might alter bird species composition in reserves of the Cerrado region of Brazil. First, we modelled the current distributions and the potential future projections of 38 endemic or rare bird species. We used eight modelling techniques within the BIOMOD computational framework in an ensemble-forecasting approach to reach a consensus scenario. Then we compared current and future (2046-2060) distributions under different scenarios (reserve size and bird dispersal) with the current Brazilian reserve system to assess the adequacy of protection (representation) of each species and detect gaps in their protection. Finally, to identify areas with high probability of occurrence of several species, we calculated cumulative climatic suitability of all 38 species for both current and future scenarios. None of the 38 species is covered under any current or future scenarios, revealing that the current reserve system is highly inefficient in conserving the analyzed bird species. The implementation of new reserves to cover species in current and future climate scenarios is recommended in areas in the south-eastern part of the Cerrado region and in the mountains of east Brazil. Due to the already high land use of the southeast region of the Cerrado, the application of non-traditional conservation measures should be evaluated.  相似文献   

Use of near infrared reflectance and transmittance coupled to robust calibration for the evaluation of nutritional value in naked oats     

Bellato S  Del Frate V  Redaelli R  Sgrulletta D  Bucci R  Magrì AD  Marini F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4349-4360

A rapid accurate and precise method for simultaneous determination of β-glucan and protein content in naked oat samples, based on the coupling of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics, is presented. In particular, three different spectroscopic approaches [near infrared reflectance (NIR) and transmittance (NIT) on flour and NIT on whole grains] and various spectral pretreatments were considered. To account for the possibility of outlying samples, a robust version of the PLS algorithm (namely partial robust M-regression) was used. All the models resulted as accurate as the reference methods, reflectance spectroscopy being the technique providing the best outcomes. Variable reduction by inclusion of the most relevant predictors only (as evaluated by VIP scores) resulted in simpler and, in one case, more parsimonious models, without loss in accuracy.  相似文献