Detection of chlamydial antibody by fetal serology--an aid to the diagnosis of ovine abortion.     

H E Kennedy  S J McCullough  D Graham  J Cassidy  F E Malone  W A Ellis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(1):30-35

Two serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were developed for the detection of fetal antibody to Chlamydia psittaci. Fetal blood and thoracic fluid from 126 field cases of suspected ovine chlamydial abortion were examined using both tests. Placenta and fetal tissues (lung, liver, and kidney) from the same animals were also examined by the following conventional diagnostic methods: isolation in McCoy cells, detection of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), modified Ziehl-Nielsen staining, and direct fluorescent antibody staining of chlamydia in frozen cryostat sections. Seventy cases were positive by fetal serology, and of these, 68 were also positive by isolation and/or LPS detection. The remaining 56 cases had negative fetal serology, and of these, 39 were positive by isolation and/or LPS detection. Results indicate that fetal serology, although less sensitive than either isolation in McCoy cells or detection of chlamydial LPS antigen, may be of particular use when placenta is not available.  相似文献   

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001     

Julie M. Barr  BS    Safdar A. Khan  DVM  MS  PhD  DABVT    Sheila M. McCullough  DVM  MS  DACVIM    Petra A. Volmer  DVM  MS  DABVT  DABT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(3):196-202

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.  相似文献   

Cholera toxin promotes the generation of semi-mature porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells that are unable to stimulate T cells   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bimczok D  Rau H  Wundrack N  Naumann M  Rothkötter HJ  McCullough K  Summerfield A 《Veterinary research》2007,38(4):597-612

Cholera toxin (Ctx) is a powerful mucosal adjuvant with potential applications for oral vaccination of swine. Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the decision between immunity and tolerance, and are likely target cells for mediating Ctx functions in vivo. Therefore, we examined the capacity of Ctx to enhance stimulatory activity of porcine monocyte-derived DC (MoDC). Ctx promoted the development of a semi-mature DC phenotype, with decreased levels of MHC class II and CD40, but increased CD80/86 expression. These changes were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not NFkappaB or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Functionally, Ctx-priming greatly diminished T cell stimulatory capacity both in antigen-specific and superantigen-induced proliferation assays. The lower proliferation rate was not due to increased apoptosis of either DC or T cells. Ctx suppressed TNFalpha secretion by MoDC, but induced IL-10 production. The observed effects on T cell proliferation could only be partially mimicked by IL-10 alone. However, addition of recombinant TNFalpha to co-cultures of Ctx-primed MoDC and lymphocytes restored lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Ctx-primed DC were not actively tolerogenic, since they could not suppress proliferative T cell reactions induced by untreated DC.  相似文献   

Calculated energy requirements of lactating and non-lactating Hereford cows     

W E Neville  M E McCullough 《Journal of animal science》1969,29(5):823-829

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Porcine alveolar macrophages: poor accessory or effective suppressor cells for T-lymphocytes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Basta S  Carrasco CP  Knoetig SM  Rigden RC  Gerber H  Summerfield A  McCullough KC 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,77(3-4):177-190

Porcine Alv-Mphi from bronchoalveolar lavages were tested for their function in an in vitro foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-specific lymphoproliferative recall response. The Alv-Mphi were seen to be poor accessory cells when compared with peripheral blood monocytes. This poor capacity was evident despite an efficient expression of SLA-DR region antigens, and other co-stimulatory adhesion molecules. It was noted that Alv-Mphi secrete relatively little interleukin 1 (IL-1beta), with or without LPS induction, even though mRNA for the cytokine could be detected. In contrast, blood monocytes with their effective accessory activity were potent secretors of IL-1. Although this IL-1beta would be important with respect to the accessory capacity of monocytic cells, it was noted that the absence of bioactive IL-1 from the Alv-Mpi cultures was not solely responsible for their poor accessory function. In fact, the Alv-Mphi produced factors which not only inhibited IL-1 bioactivity, but were also responsible for a clear suppression of lymphoproliferation. This suppressor activity was dependent on the type of monocytic cell present in the culture, being more prominent when "scavenger" phagocytes were present. Thus, the major role of Alv-Mphi s not as an accessory cell akin to monocytes, but as both a scavenger cell, related to Mphi derived from monocytes in the absence of inflammatory signals, and an immunoregulatory cell.  相似文献   

Differentiation of porcine myeloid bone marrow haematopoietic cell populations.     

A Summerfield  K Haverson  E Thacker  K C McCullough 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2001,80(1-2):121-129

The myeloid panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) submitted to the Third Swine CD Workshop were analysed for reactivity with bone marrow haematopoietic cells (BMHC). Using single and triple immunofluorescence labelling by flow cytometry (FCM), the mAbs were grouped according to their capacity to recognise myeloid cell populations and/or maturation stages. Group 1 consisted of mAbs labelling the majority of myeloid BMHC, including neutrophilic, eosinophilic and monocytic cells. The ligands for SWC3 and CD11b-like mAbs of group 1 showed a maturation-dependent intensity of expression. The other antibodies of group 1 reacted with BMHC to give a sharp, single peak. Group 2 mAbs reacted only with monocytic cells. The anti-human CD49e mAb Sam-1 was the only mAb detecting the majority of monocytic cells, but not other BMHC. The mAbs in group 3 recognised antigens expressed on granulocytes, but not monocytes. The previously identified SWC8 in this group proved to be useful in differentiating major population of BMHC when cells were double labelled with the pan-myeloid SWC3. Other mAbs within group 3, such as MIL4 and TMG6-5 (an anti-human CD11b), only recognised subsets of neutrophils and eosinophils. Group 4 mAbs reacted with the more mature subpopulations of neutrophils and monocytes. Some of these antibodies might prove useful for assessment of cell maturity, such as anti-CD14 and the anti-human CD50 mAb HP2/19.  相似文献   

Comparison of results using electron microscope, immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody analyses to detect rotavirus in diarrheic fecal samples of calves.          下载免费PDF全文

M B Rhodes  E L Stair  R A McCullough  L D McGill    C A Mebus 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1979,43(1):84-89

Seventy-nine diarrheic calf fecal samples were examined by electron microscopy, immunodiffusion and the fluorescent antibody technique for the presence of rotavirus (reovirus-like agent). Thirty-eight (48%) of the samples were positive by electron microscopy, 59% by immunodiffusion and 20% positive by fluorescent antibody technique analyses. Another 9% were suspect-positive by fluorescent antibody technique. Chymotrypsin treatment of the fecal samples increased the ease of observing the viral particles by electron microscopy and also intensified the immunodiffusion arcs obtained. Immunodiffusion analyses using specific antisera to the virus would appear to be a practical method of detecting rotavirus in diarrheic fecal samples.  相似文献   

Recombinant bovine interferon-gamma enhances expression of class I and class II bovine lymphocyte antigens   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F Walrand  F Picard  K McCullough  S Martinod  D Lévy 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1989,22(4):379-383

Recombinant bovine interferon-gamma augments expression of class I and class II histocompatibility antigens on the surface membrane of bovine lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence techniques using a series of monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies demonstrate that this enhancement is detectable as early as 24 h after incubation with rBoIFN, while maximum surface expression is obtained within 3-5 days. A concentration as low as 10 units of rBoIFN is effective. Such results may be useful for characterizing the BoLA gene products.  相似文献   

Biomass distribution and productivity ofPinus edulis—Juniperus monosperma woodlands of north-central Arizona     

Charles C. Grier  Katherine J. Elliott  Deborah G. McCullough 《Forest Ecology and Management》1992,50(3-4):331-350

Above-ground biomass distribution, leaf area, above-ground net primary productivity and foliage characteristics were determined for 90- and 350-year-oldPinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma ecosystems on the Colorado Plateau of northern Arizona. These ecosystems have low biomass, leaf area and primary productivity compared with forests in wetter environments. Biomass of the 350-year-old pinyon-juniper stand examined in this study was 54.1 mg ha⁻¹; that of the 90-year-old stand was 23.7 mg ha⁻¹. Above-ground net primary production averaged 2.12 mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the young and 2.88 mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the mature stand; tree production was about 80% of these values for both stands. Projected ecosystem leaf area (LAI) of the stands was 1.72 m² m⁻² and 1.85 m² m⁻², respectively. Production efficiency (dry matter production per unit leaf area) was 0.129 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ for the young, and 0.160 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ for the mature stand. Production efficiency of the study sites was below the 0.188 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ reported for xeric, pure juniper stands in the northern Great Basin. Biomass of pinyon-juniper ecosystems of northern Arizona is generally below the 60–121 mg ha⁻¹ reported for pinyon-juniper stands of the western Great Basin in Nevada. A climatic gradient with summer precipitation decreasing between southeast Arizona and northwest Nevada occurs in the pinyon-juniper region. Great Basin pinyon-juniper ecosystems lie at the dry-summer end of this gradient while pinyon-juniper ecosystems of the Colorado Plateau lie at about the middle of this gradient. In spite of wetter summers, pinyon-juniper ecosystems of northern Arizona are less productive than those of the Great Basin.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Northern Ireland between 1990 and 2000     

Abernethy DA  Pfeiffer DU  Watt R  Denny GO  McCullough S  McDowell SW 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(21):717-721

Between 1990 and 2000, 317 herds of cattle in Northern Ireland were identified as being seropositive to Brucella abortus, and 68 per cent of them were attributed to transmission from neighbouring herds or to local spread. Of particular significance were three primary outbreaks in 1997, which resulted in significant secondary and tertiary spread. Three spatial clusters were identified, corresponding to two of the primary outbreaks, and the herd density and within-herd spread were highest in the largest cluster. Abortions in an infected herd and the disease-risk status of the disclosure test were positively associated with an increased within-herd prevalence.  相似文献