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1.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions for resistance to FHB and estimate their effects on reducing FHB damage to wheat in Hokkaido, northern Japan. We examined 233 F1-derived doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a cross between ‘Kukeiharu 14’ and ‘Sumai 3’ to determine their reaction to FHB during two seasons under field conditions. The DH lines were genotyped at five known FHB-resistance QTL regions (on chromosomes 3BS, 5AS, 6BS, 2DL and 4BS) by using SSR markers. ‘Sumai 3’ alleles at the QTLs at 3BS and 5AS effectively reduced FHB damage in the environment of Hokkaido, indicating that these QTLs will be useful for breeding spring wheat cultivars suitable for Hokkaido. Some of the QTL regions influenced agronomic traits: ‘Sumai 3’ alleles at the 4BS and 5AS QTLs significantly increased stem length and spike length, that at the 2DL QTL significantly decreased grain weight, and that at the 6BS QTL significantly delayed heading, indicating pleiotropic or linkage effects between these agronomic traits and FHB resistance. 相似文献
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Masaaki Satoh Makoto Saito Kohsuke Tanaka Sumako Iwanaga Salem Nagla Elwy Salem Ali Takahiro Seki Seiji Okada Michinori Kohara Shinji Harada Chieko Kai Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(6):e81-e88
In this study, we infected NOD/Scid/Jak3null mice engrafted human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-NOJ) with measles virus Edmonston B strain (MV-Edm) expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins (rMV-E1E2) to evaluate the immunogenicity as a vaccine candidate. Although human leukocytes could be isolated from the spleen of mock-infected mice during the 2-weeks experiment, the proportion of engrafted human leukocytes in mice infected with MV (103–105 pfu) or rMV-E1E2 (104 pfu) was decreased. Viral infection of the splenocytes was confirmed by the development of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in co-cultures of splenocytes and B95a cells and verified using RT-PCR. Finally, human antibodies against MV were more frequently observed than E2-specific antibodies in serum from mice infected with a low dose of virus (MV, 100–101 pfu, and rMV-E1E2, 101–102 pfu). These results showed the possibility of hu-PBL-NOJ mice for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of viral proteins. 相似文献
3.
An attempt was made to isolate a growth inhibitor of upland rice produced by Pyrenochaeta sp. Partially purified pink substance having absorption maxima at 481, 502, 512,537 and 548 nm was obtained from mycelia of Pyrenochaeta sp. This substance inhibited the growth of upland rice at a lower concentration than p-coumaric acid. It inhibited the growth of upland rice and sorghum, but stimulated the growth of Chinese cabbage and cucumber. 相似文献
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To clarify the establishment pattern of Cryptomeria japonica seedlings, the demography of current-year seedlings was studied under various micro-environmental conditions for 2 years in a cool-temperate old-growth forest in the snowy region of Japan. In both years, more than 70% of seedlings that emerged died within a year, and differences in the survival rate of seedlings with respect to micro-environmental conditions were similar. While a number of seedlings survived at the sites on fallen logs and in mineral soil, almost no seedlings survived at the sites with either broad-leaved or coniferous litters at the end of the first growing season. The negative litter effect may kill most small seedlings of C. japonica. In addition, we found that survival rates of the seedlings were greater as the distance from the nearest adult and canopy openness increased. An analysis using Quantification Theory I showed that, of the possible micro-environmental factors, substrate conditions had the strongest effect on the survival of seedlings. The analysis also indicated that distance from the nearest adult and canopy openness also affected seedling survival significantly and to almost the same extent, although the effects were weaker than those for the substrate condition. Given the limited establishment sites for C. japonica seedlings, layering is suggested to be the main mode of regeneration in this forest. 相似文献
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The effect of the pink substance extracted from mycelia of Pyrenochaela sp. on growth of 10 kinds of plants was examined by germination test in the light. The substance inhibited the growth of germinating seedlings of 5 monocotyledonous plants (upland rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, and oat) at a concentration higher than 10 ppm of the partially purified pink substance, while it rather stimulated that of 5 dicotyledonous plants (chinese cabbage, cucumber, radish, turnip, and burdock) at 10-100 ppm. When the substance was sprayed on shoots of upland rice and Chinese cabbage germinated in pot, it inhibited the growth of seedlings of the former and stimulated that of the latter. 相似文献
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Pyrenochaeta sp. enriched on and in roots of upland rice through its continuous cropping, was shown to have an ability to inhibit the growth of upland rice in quartz or partially sterilized soil. It was established that the microorganism produced some substance inhibiting the growth of seedlings of upland rice or/in roots of the plant. The results suggested that Pyrenochaeta sp. produced this inhibitor even on/in roots of upland rice continuously cropped on the field, and may play a role in the appearance of upland rice soil sickness. 相似文献
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The effect of root residues of upland rice, which had been left in a field for ca. 7 months from autumn to the next spring, on the growth of succeeding upland rice was examined. The root residues incorporated into field soil inhibited the upland rice growth. This effect was considered to be caused not by toxic substances accumulating in root residues, but by aerobic detrimental organisms inhabiting root residues. 相似文献
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Fungi on and in roots of continuously cropped upland rice were examined. Dominant fungi on the root surfaces were found to be composed of limited genera: Fusarium, Penicillium, and Pyrenochaeta. Among them, only Pyrenochaeta sp. was remarkable in regard to continuous cropping of upland rice. The results showed that Pyrenochaeta sp. penetrated into and multiplied in root tissues of aged plants and could survive during the winter on infected root residues left in the field, and in the next spring colonized the root surfaces of new seedlings, and then penetrate into root tissues and thus be accumulated on and in roots by the continuous cropping of upland rice. Pyrenochaeta sp. was also found to have a considerable specific affinity for roots of upland rice, compared with the roots of several other plants. 相似文献
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Yoshimi?NiwanoEmail author Fumiaki?Beppu Taichi?Shimada Rika?Kyan Kazumasa?Yasura Minori?Tamaki Michinori?Nishino Yoshiyuki?Midorikawa Hiroki?Hamada 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(1):6-10
To search for plant foodstuffs with potent anti-obese activity, we conducted a large scale screening based on the inhibitory
activity on adipogenesis and the facilitating activity on adipolysis in vitro. That is, inhibition of intracellular lipid accumulation and facilitation of lipid degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were
extensively screened from ethanol and hexane extracts of approximately 100 kinds of plant foodstuffs marketed in Okinawa prefecture,
which has been famous for the highest prevalence of exceptionally long-lived individuals in the world. Among them thirty one
foodstuffs showed potent inhibitory activity on intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas only four foodstuffs
showed clear facilitating effect on lipid degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Although further study to examine the in vivo effects on adipogenesis and adipolysis is required, this is the first study to investigate anti-obese characteristics of
wide range of traditional Okinawa foodstuffs so that the results give useful information to take another look at Okinawa food
culture. 相似文献