Effects of including bioactive legumes in grass silage on digestion parameters,nitrogen balance and methane emissions in sheep     

Vincent Niderkorn  Giuseppe Copani  Ccile Martin  Gaëlle Maxin  Anglique Torrent  Frdric Anglard  Yvanne Rochette  Ccile Ginane 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(4):626-635

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding sheep with silage mixtures containing bioactive legumes on intake and digestive parameters. The bioactive legumes used were sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), which contain condensed tannins (CT) and polyphenol oxidase respectively. Five treatments were assigned to two groups of sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five types of silages tested were, on a dry matter (DM) basis: pure timothy grass silage (Phleum pratense, control, T), three binary mixtures of T‐SF, T‐RC and RC‐SF (500 g/kg each) and a ternary mixture of T‐RC‐SF (500, 250 and 250 g/kg respectively). The daily voluntary DM intake of silage mixtures containing both SF and RC was greater than for pure T silage, while the presence of SF resulted in lower organic matter digestibility compared to pure T. The rumen disappearance rate measured in situ increased linearly with the presence of SF and RC in silage. The nitrogen (N) digestibility was greater for pure T and T‐RC than for T‐SF, and the amount of N retained daily by the animals was greater for RC‐containing silages than for T and T‐SF. The methane (CH₄) yield was greater for pure T than for the silage mixtures containing SF. We conclude that the presence of RC in silage could boost performances through intake and N retention, while SF‐based mixtures appear to have reduced negative environmental impacts through the reduction of CH₄ emissions.  相似文献   

Diversity in the chemical composition and digestibility of leaves from fifty woody species in temperate areas     

Mahieu  Stéphanie  Novak  Sandra  Barre  Philippe  Delagarde  Rémy  Niderkorn  Vincent  Gastal  François  Emile  Jean-Claude 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(7):1295-1308

Agroforestry Systems - In temperate regions, tree leaves could be a source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for ruminants. Our objective was to study the diversity in chemical composition...  相似文献   

Occurrence of associative effects between grasses and legumes in binary mixtures on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics     

Niderkorn V  Baumont R  Le Morvan A  Macheboeuf D 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(4):1138-1145

When animals are fed a grass and legume mixture, digestive interactions can occur in the rumen between the substrates contained in the different plants, and the response of the animal to the combination of forages can differ from the balanced median values of their components considered individually. Our objective was to assess the associative effects between temperate forages in 8 grass-legume binary combinations on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics to highlight synergies or antagonisms in terms of nutritional and environmental impacts. Two grasses (cocksfoot, CF; ryegrass, RG) and 4 legume species (alfalfa, A; white clover, WC; red clover, RC; sainfoin, SAN) were incubated alone and in grass-legume mixture (1:1, wt/wt) in batches containing buffered rumen fluid during 3.5 and 24 h. For each substrate and each incubation time, parameters describing the degradation of the energetic and nitrogenous compounds and their partition into fermentation end products were measured. Data were subjected to ANOVA using a mixed procedure to test quadratic contrasts. At 3.5 h of incubation, many quadratic effects were observed. The presence of A, WC, or RC in mixtures quadratically increased the NH(3)-N production (up to +28% when compared with the calculated value, P < 0.001), whereas the presence of condensed tannin (CT) activity in SAN considerably decreased it (up to -67%, quadratic effect, P < 0.001) and the N disappearance. To a lesser extent, the presence of SAN reduced the proportion of methane in the gas produced (up to 7%, quadratic effect, P = 0.018). Generally, the degradation of OM and NDF was not stimulated by mixing grass and legume, except for SAN. However, the presence of SAN severely impaired the NDF digestion at the early phase of fermentation. At 24 h of incubation, few associative effects were observed in comparison with those observed at 3.5 h of incubation, but the effect of CT of SAN on N metabolism was still clearly present. This study shows that, among the grass-legume mixtures tested in vitro, only the presence of SAN can interact with the grasses to reduce the degradation of proteins and the production of methane but with a transitory negative effect on fiber digestion.  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of climate change effects on forage quality in grasslands: specificities of mountain and Mediterranean areas          下载免费PDF全文

B. Dumont  D. Andueza  V. Niderkorn  A. Lüscher  C. Porqueddu  C. Picon-Cochard 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(2):239-254

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), global mean temperature and interannual variability in temperature and rainfall are expected to increase significantly by the end of the 21st century. To review the effects of these factors on forage quality, we carried out a meta-analysis of climate manipulation experiments. The first notable result was a lack of effect of elevated CO₂ on structural carbohydrates and digestibility. Elevated CO₂ increased the total non-structural carbohydrates of forage tissues by an average of 25% and decreased forage nitrogen (N) content by 8%. Increased legume abundance in multispecies swards can, however, maintain N concentration in the harvested biomass. There were no consistent effects of warming on contents of N, water-soluble and structural carbohydrates, or on digestibility. We highlight the continuum in the effect of water availability, from drought to irrigation, with a curvilinear increase of forage N as water availability decreased. Digestibility increased, on average, by 7% with drought, but with strong experimental variations. The review places special emphasis on discussion of the specificities of mountain and Mediterranean grasslands, the former being limited by low temperature, the latter by drought and heat. Elevated CO₂ decreased forage N content in mountain areas and in temperate plains alike. It increased N content by an average of 3% in Mediterranean areas; this could be due to shifts in vegetation communities under elevated CO₂ or to a greater concentration of N in plant tissues under drought conditions. Further experiments are needed to investigate the effects of combined factors, including extreme climatic events.  相似文献   

Associative effects between fresh perennial ryegrass and white clover on dynamics of intake and digestion in sheep          下载免费PDF全文

V. Niderkorn  C. Martin  A. Le Morvan  Y. Rochette  M. Awad  R. Baumont 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):691-699

The aim of this study was to determine the associative effects between fresh perennial ryegrass and fresh white clover on intake and digestion in sheep. Five proportions of ryegrass and white clover, ranging from 0 to 1 in 0·25 increments (DM basis), were allocated to two groups of five sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design, and intake behaviour and digestive parameters including methane (CH₄) emissions were measured. Feeding behaviour was affected through increased forage intake when the proportion of white clover was increased, and there were positive associative effects on intake, eating time and eating rate during the main meals consumed immediately after feed was given. These effects seemed to be related to a greater motivation to eat, rather to more efficient digestion, as no difference on DM digestibility (average 766 g kg^?1) was detected. There were no differences in CH₄ yield (average 18·1 g kg^?1 DM intake) among the treatments. The optimal proportion of white clover fed with ryegrass to optimize intake and digestion was between 0·25 and 0·50. These results indicate that mixing perennial ryegrass and white clover positively affects forage intake in sheep and their motivation to eat.  相似文献   

Silages containing bioactive forage legumes: a promising protein‐rich feed source for growing lambs          下载免费PDF全文

G. Copani  V. Niderkorn  F. Anglard  A. Quereuil  C. Ginane 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(4):622-631

Forage legumes that contain secondary compounds are considered to be less susceptible to proteolysis than other legumes, with improved silage quality and possibly improved animal performance. This was investigated feeding five groups of growing lambs for 10 weeks, five silages composed of pure timothy (T; Phleum pratense), mixtures of T with red clover (Trifolium pratense; T‐RC, 50/50 on DM basis), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia; T‐SF), or both (T‐RC‐SF, 50/25/25), or a mixture of the two legumes (RC‐SF). Including SF and/or RC in silages improved silage fermentation as shown by higher lactic acid and lower soluble N and NH₃ contents than in T silage. Voluntary intakes were higher with all the RC‐containing silages than with T and T‐SF. The T‐SF silage had the lowest, and RC‐containing silages the highest average values for daily gain, feed conversion efficiency, live weight and carcass weight. The differing effects of these silages cannot be totally explained by differences in their nutritive value and so may be due to their bioactive compounds impacting differently on feeding motivation and digestive efficiency. These results suggest that including RC in silages is a promising strategy to combine improved animal performance with reduced environmental pressure.  相似文献   

In vitro rumen simulated (RUSITEC) metabolism of freshly cut or wilted grasses with contrasting polyphenol oxidase activities     

M. R. F. Lee  A. Cabiddu  F. Hou  V. Niderkorn  E. J. Kim  R. Fychan  N. D. Scollan 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(2):196-205

The study investigated in vitro simulated rumen metabolism of freshly cut and wilted cocksfoot [Dactylis glomerata; high polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea; low PPO). A 16‐vessel RUSITEC was used with the four treatment combinations: cocksfoot wilted (C_w); cocksfoot fresh (C_f); tall fescue wilted (TF_w) and tall fescue fresh (TF_f). Rumen liquor was collected from four fistulated dairy cows maintained on permanent pasture. The experiment ran for 12 d with sampling of effluent for rumen parameters [volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH₃‐N] on days 10 and 11 at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h intervals. On days 9–12, gas production and composition were measured using a plastic gas collection bag attached to the effluent bottle. At the end of day 12, the grass residue and effluent from the vessels were collected and analysed for digestibility and lipid fractionation. Lipolysis was calculated as the proportional loss of glycerol‐based membrane lipid between the forage and residue. Polyphenol oxidase was higher (P < 0·001) in C_f than the other treatments; C_w was higher than both TF treatments, with no difference between TF_w and TF_f. The level of protein‐bound phenol (product of oxidation reaction) tended to be higher for C_w and TF_w than C_f and TF_f, (P < 0·1) and was higher for cocksfoot than tall fescue (P < 0·001). As an average across the day, NH₃‐N was lower (P < 0·001) in cocksfoot than tall fescue, despite the lower nitrogen concentration of tall fescue, and in fresh as opposed to wilted grass (P < 0·001). There was a trend (P < 0·1) for lipolysis to be lower in cocksfoot than tall fescue, and for both wilted treatments to be lower than the fresh (P < 0·05). Total VFA concentration was not different across treatments, although there were differences in molar proportions of individual VFA. Cocksfoot as opposed to tall fescue showed a small effect in lowering lipolytic and proteolytic activity (release of NH₃‐N), although other differences between the grasses other than just PPO activity such as lipase activity, diphenol substrate content and digestibility may have greater effects between the grasses confounding the effect of PPO.  相似文献