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Citrus fruits are considered to be functional foods that promote good health. This study was carried out to assess the effect of oroblanco and grapefruit consumption on hepatic detoxification enzymes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with either regular drinking water (control) or experimental treatments of oroblanco juice, grapefruit juice, or a sugar mix for 6 weeks. After 1 week of treatment, half the animals in each group were injected with the procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Grapefruit juice significantly increased activity and expression of the hepatic phase I enzyme, cytochrome P450 CYP1A1, with a marked trend toward enhanced NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) activity. Oroblanco juice significantly increased glutathione S-transferase phase II enzyme activity along with CYP1A1 expression and a notable trend toward increased activity of both CYP1A1 and QR. These results suggest that these citrus fruits are bifunctional inducers, modulating both phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes to enhance hepatic detoxification. 相似文献
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Zaslaver M Offer S Kerem Z Stark AH Weller JI Eliraz A Madar Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):9934-9939
The effects of natural antioxidants on nitric oxide (NO) modulation and oxidative status were determined in rat epithelial lung cells (L-2). Cells were stimulated with cytokines and treated with one of the following: resveratrol, soybean saponin group B (SSB), quercetin, genistein, olive leaf polyphenol concentrate (OLPC), or N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC). NAC had no effect on NO levels, whereas resveratrol and OLPC were found to be effective in reducing nitrite levels, modifying iNOS mRNA, and decreasing free radical production. OLPC affected the levels of MnSOD while resveratrol did not, indicating that they act via different pathways. Quercetin and genistein reduced nitrite levels without affecting iNOS levels, presumably by scavenging NO. SSB did not affect nitrite levels, but exposure did reduce iNOS mRNA expression and protein levels, possibly due to antioxidant activity. Naturally occurring antioxidants, in particular resveratrol and OLPC, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
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Yagil Osem Hagay Yavlovich Nitai Zecharia Nir Atzmon Yosi Moshe Gabriel Schiller 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(5-6):679-690
We aimed to elucidate environmental and silvicultural factors that determine the extent of fire-free natural regeneration in east Mediterranean Pinus halepensis forests. The specific aims were to study the potential and identify bottlenecks for natural regeneration and examine the effects of overstory thinning and site preparation treatments. We integrated four experiments conducted in diverse ecoregions in Israel ranging from semiarid to subhumid. Seedling emergence and survival were traced for 2–4 years in Mishmar Ha’Emek Forest (MHF) with annual rainfall of 604 mm; Shaharia Forest (SF)—435 mm; and Yatir Forest (YF)—280 mm. Effects of thinning treatments: clearcut, 100 tree, 200 tree ha?1 and control—310 tree ha?1, were examined in MHF. Effects of site preparation treatments: soil scarification and herb clipping were examined in SF. Density of emerged seedlings varied among ecoregions and was linked to average annual rainfall. Within ecoregions, emerged seedling density was higher on north-facing slopes than on south-facing slopes and was strongly related to stand characteristics (e.g., stem basal area) and seed rain. Seedling survival rate of about 20 % was recorded in MHF while no seedling survival was observed in YF and SF during the study years. Thinning treatments reduced seed rain and emerging seedling density, but increased seedling survival and growth. Recruitment 4 years after thinning was highest in the 100 tree ha?1 treatment and lowest in the control. In SF, seedling survival was limited mainly by herbaceous vegetation and was improved by soil scarification and herb clipping. Silvicultural implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Tanja Mucha-Pelzer Nitai Debnath Arunava Goswami Inga Mewis Christian Ulrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2008,60(1):23-28
The present work deals with the insecticidal efficacy of different modified natural silica products against the field pests Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) and Spodoptera litura (F.). The substances “Fossil Shield® 90.0s”, “Advasan®” as well as different formulations of a silica-derived substance named “AL06” (developed in the section Urban Horticulture, Humboldt-University Berlin) were dusted into gauze-covered cages. In each cage, test insects were placed and mortality measured over time. A 100% mortality rate was archieved two days after treatment of adult E. vigintioctopunctata and S. litura larvae with some silica “AL06”-formulations. In contrast, mortality rate for E. vigintioctopunctata larva was only 30 to 70% after two days of treatment. Mortality rate was dose dependend, even though a linear correlation could not be found. Furthermore, the commercial substance “Advasan®” was able to control the horticultural pest E. vigintioctopunctata within 48 hours successfully. For future horticultural applications, possible phytotoxic side effects of silica dusts and an application technology resulting in adequate leaf coverage have to be considered. 相似文献
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Nitai Debnath Sumistha Das Dipankar Seth Ramesh Chandra Somesh Ch. Bhattacharya Arunava Goswami 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(1):99-105
Fumigants and residual insecticides are commonly used to combat stored grain pests. In recent years, consumer awareness of
the health hazard from residual toxicity and the growing problem of insect resistance to these conventional insecticides have
led the researchers to look for alternative strategies for stored grains protection. For example, diatomaceous earth (DE)
can be effective against stored grain insects. In this study, DE was used to design amorphous nano sized hydrophilic, hydrophobic,
and lipophilic silica in 15–30 nm size range. Nanocides are expected to reduce the volume of application and kinetics of development
of resistance in pests. We hypothesized that surface-functionalized silica nanoparticle (SNP) might be a viable alternative
to conventional pesticides. Entomotoxicity of SNP was tested against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae and its efficacy was compared with bulk-sized silica (individual particles larger than 1 μm). Amorphous SNP was found to
be highly effective against this insect pest causing more than 90% mortality, indicating the effectiveness of SNP to control
insect pests. 相似文献
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