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1.
Diniz A Escuder-Gilabert L Lopes NP Gobbo-Neto L Villanueva-Camañas RM Sagrado S Medina-Hernández MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8372-8379
This paper points out the usefulness of biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) using capillary columns as a high-throughput primary screening tool providing key information about the oral absorption, skin permeability, and brain-blood distribution coefficients of 15 polyphenols (6 flavones, 2 flavonols, a flavanone, 2 flavan-3-ols, 3 phenolic acids, and a phloroglucinol) in a simple and economical way. For the compounds studied, except vicenin-2, rutin, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, maximal oral absorption (>90%) can be expected, if there are not solubility problems or metabolic processes. On the other hand, the most retained compounds in BMC, that is, 5-hydroxyflavone, flavone, and flavanone, show the highest brain-blood distribution coefficients and skin permeability coefficients. 相似文献
2.
Francisco Cabrera-Chávez Alma R. Islas-Rubio Ofelia Rouzaud-Sández Norberto Sotelo-Cruz Ana M. Calderón de la Barca 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Celiac disease (CD) is caused by ingestion of wheat gluten proteins, due to immune response to proline- and glutamine-rich sequences. In this study, for reduction of the immune recognition, gluten proteins were enzymatically modified by binding methionine to the amino lateral groups of glutamine residues. Additionally, a bread-making process with modified gluten was assayed. The methionine binding was monitored by measuring the alpha-amino group disappearance and reduction of celiac IgA immunoreactivity. The best methionine binding was after 60 min reaction at pH 10, inducing a reduced to null IgA immunoreactivity to prolamins extracted from modified gluten. The bread prepared with modified gluten had lower specific volume (3.86 cm3/g) than the control wheat bread (4.52 cm3/g) but higher than those reported for gluten-free loaves. The preserved functionality of gluten proteins will make it feasible to apply this kind of modification in different wheat-based foodstuffs like the assayed bread in this study. 相似文献
3.
The germination of common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and downey birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seeds is often poor in bare-root nurseries. The effect of a variety of seed coverings and a few seed pretreatments
on seedling emergence was examined in this study in an attempt to address this problem. Seeds of each species were sown in
trays containing nursery soil, covered with grit, gravel, sand, combinations of these coverings, a hydromulch or a sealed
plastic cloche and then incubated for 6 weeks at 17–20°C. The grit combined with sand or gravel, the hydromulch and the cloche
increased seedling emergence when compared with the standard grit. In another experiment, seeds of each species were fully
imbibed (FI) (>50% moisture content, MC), as per standard practice, or adjusted to target MC (TMC) (30–35% MC) levels, and
then chilled to release dormancy. Some seeds of each MC treatment were primed at 20°C for 2 days following chilling, after
which all seeds were evaluated in laboratory tests and a nursery trial. Germination potential of the FI seeds declined in
the lab tests by the second test date, which was reflected in low seedling emergence in the nursery in birch. The primed FI
seeds of alder germinated most rapidly in the nursery, but other effects were not significant. Seedling emergence was better
in the nursery in response to the TMC than the FI pretreatment in birch.
相似文献
| Conor O’ReillyEmail: |
4.
Pedro Villar-Salvador Jaime Puértolas Bárbara Cuesta Juan L. Pe?uelas Mercedes Uscola Norberto Heredia-Guerrero José M. Rey Benayas 《New Forests》2012,43(5-6):755-770
Reduction in size and tissue nutrient concentration is widely considered to increase seedling drought resistance in dry and oligotrophic plantation sites. However, much evidence indicates that increase in size and tissue nutrient concentration improves seedling survival in Mediterranean forest plantations. This suggests that the ecophysiological processes and functional attributes relevant for early seedling survival in Mediterranean climate must be reconsidered. We propose a ecophysiological conceptual model for seedling survival in Mediterranean-climate plantations to provide a physiological explanation of the frequent positive relationship between outplanting performance and seedling size and nutrient concentration. The model considers the physiological processes outlined in the plantation establishment model of Burdett (Can J For Res 20:415–427, 1990), but incorporates other physiological processes that drive seedling survival, such as N remobilization, carbohydrate storage and plant hydraulics. The model considers that seedling survival in Mediterranean climates is linked to high growth capacity during the wet season. The model is for container plants and is based on three main principles, (1) Mediterranean climates are not dry the entire year but usually have two seasons of contrasting water availability; (2) summer drought is the main cause of seedling mortality; in this context, deep and large roots is a key trait for avoiding lethal water stress; (3) attainment of large root systems in the dry season is promoted when seedlings have high growth during the wet season. High growth is achieved when seedlings can divert large amount of resources to support new root and shoot growth. Functional traits that confer high photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization capacity, and non-structural carbohydrate storage promote high growth. Increases in seedling size and nutrient concentration strongly affect these physiological processes. Traits that confer high drought resistance are of low value during the wet season because hinder growth capacity. We provide specific evidence to support the model and finally we discuss its implications and the factors that may alter the frequent increase in performance with increase in seedling size and tissue nutrient concentration. 相似文献
5.
Deborah Penteado Martins Dias Rodrigo Norberto Pereira Paulo Aléscio Canola Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória Antonio Carlos Alessi 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
The present report describes an 8-year-old gelding presenting with signs of severe abdominal pain. After performing a thorough physical examination, including rectal palpation and additional diagnostic tests, an exploratory laparotomy was recommended. The jejunum was found herniated through the gastrosplenic ligament, and the stomach was severely distended with gas. Given a poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized on the table. At necropsy, the stomach appeared dilated, with an 180° horizontal gastric torsion, from left (lateral) to right (medial), dividing the organ into dorsal and ventral compartments. We believe that the chronic traction exerted by an incarcerated and distended loop of jejunum, in the dorsal aspect of the gastrosplenic ligament, associated with trauma during episodes of intense rolling, enlarged the rent until it ruptured. Because of this rupture, the lateral dorsal aspect of the stomach became unattached, predisposing it to the torsion. 相似文献
6.
Gutiérrez G Alvarez I Politzki R Lomónaco M Dus Santos MJ Rondelli F Fondevila N Trono K 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(3-4):255-263
We describe the progression of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection from birth until the first lactation in 61 animals from a typical large dairy herd of Argentina, with more than 85% of prevalence. The purpose was to identify potential points to effectively break the BLV cycle of transmission in our dairy productive system. We detected early infection in 11.47% of newborn calves by nested PCR. From birth to 12 months, no evidence of new infections was observed. After 12 months of age, the detection of new reactors increased slowly with time, from 15.09% at 15 months to 24% at 27 months. After that, the number of reactors increased rapidly up to 40% and 60.76% at 30 and 36 months, respectively. This last 9-month period coincided with parturition and the entry into the milking herd. Real-time PCR showed that more than 75% of adult animals had low peripheral-blood proviral load. Complementary, all infected animals showed low levels of provirus in milk and colostrum. The most important finding was that even when management procedures to prevent BLV iatrogenic transmission were followed, no significant change was observed in the prevalence after three years, strongly suggesting that other way/s of transmission play a key role under natural conditions. This study showed an interesting baseline to draw an alternative approach based on selective segregation according to the peripheral-blood proviral load as a potential indicator of risk transmission, and as an alternative to classical control measures. 相似文献
7.
Cecilia Castro Laura Gazza Roberto Ciccoritti Norberto Pogna Cesare Oliviero Rossi Cesare Manetti 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Spikes and seeds from diploid ‘einkorn’ wheat Triticum monococcum and two near-isogenic hard and soft common wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines were harvested at regular intervals from 7 days post-anthesis (dpa) and analysed by non-destructive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). A large amount of free water occurred in rachises, glumes and awns of spikes collected at 7 dpa, and accumulated in the physiologically active cells of the endosperm at 21 dpa. In the final stages of kernel development, awns and seed embryos exhibited a high MR signal due to the presence of free water likely associated with biological activities. TD-NMR relaxation time distributions obtained by discrete exponential fitting, distributed exponential fitting and SLICING multivariate analysis offered detailed information on mobility behaviour of water molecules in developing seeds and were able to differentiate two soft and hard isolines from common wheat cv. Enesco at early stages of seed development. 相似文献
8.
Argentine wheat cultivars are assumed to be essentially vernalization insensitive or very slightly sensitive. However, there
are only speculations on this lack of vernalization requirement and a greater unawareness on the variation in earliness per se. The aims of this research have been to determine the extent of variability in vernalization requirement and earliness per se, and how the variability in both traits was produced by breeding programs, through the release of wheat cultivars from the
1930's to the 1990's in Argentina. Sixty-eight cultivars, selected among those of highest performance in each era, were evaluated
under field and glasshouse conditions for their vernalization response and earliness per se. Forty per cent of the cultivars showed some vernalization response. There was a decrease in this requirement along the first
decades of the analysed breeding period, likely in response to
the considerable introgression of CIMMYT germplasm. This initial trend to release earlier cultivars was also evidenced in
a clear decrease in earliness per se. As this tendency in both characteristics was reverted during the last two decades, it may denote that certain vernalization
response and not extreme earliness per se, may contribute to achieve higher yield cultivars in our area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Laura Gazza Elena Galassi Roberto Ciccoritti Pierino Cacciatori Norberto E. Pogna 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(2):209-219
Four perennial wheat genotypes derived from crosses between Triticum aestivum and Thinopyrum elongatum, Th. intermedium or Th. ponticum were grown in Central Italy over 2 years of testing, and compared for their agronomical, biochemical, nutritional and technological traits with three commercial common wheat cultivars. Perennial wheat derivatives were characterized by post-harvest regrowth, small kernels, high number of tillers, high protein content and reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume. Lines 11955 and OK72 exhibited soft kernel texture due to wild-type alleles at the puroindoline loci, whereas lines 235A and 280B produced medium-hard kernels for the presence of novel puroindolines A and B inherited from Th.elongatum and Th. intermedium, respectively. In addition, perennial wheat genotypes presented a high content of carotenoids and 5-n-alkylresorcinols compared with their annual counterparts. AR composition of line 235A, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was characterized by a high percentage (64.7 %) of long-chain (C21:0 + C23:0 + C25:0) homologues, which are claimed to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In addition, line OK72 was unique in having a C17/C21 homologue ratio as high as 0.34, likely inherited from Th. ponticum. This line along with line 280B also showed a high content of total dietary fiber. Finally, peculiar storage protein composition and kernel texture were observed in some perennial durum wheat derivatives obtained from crosses between T. turgidum subsp. durum and Th. junceiforme. This wheatgrass species was found to contain the 10-mer QQPQDAVQPF peptide, which is able to prevent prolamins from triggering inflammatory responses in celiac patients. 相似文献
10.
Velasquez SM Ricardi MM Dorosz JG Fernandez PV Nadra AD Pol-Fachin L Egelund J Gille S Harholt J Ciancia M Verli H Pauly M Bacic A Olsen CE Ulvskov P Petersen BL Somerville C Iusem ND Estevez JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6036):1401-1403
Root hairs are single cells that develop by tip growth and are specialized in the absorption of nutrients. Their cell walls are composed of polysaccharides and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) that include extensins (EXTs) and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). Proline hydroxylation, an early posttranslational modification of HRGPs that is catalyzed by prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs), defines the subsequent O-glycosylation sites in EXTs (which are mainly arabinosylated) and AGPs (which are mainly arabinogalactosylated). We explored the biological function of P4Hs, arabinosyltransferases, and EXTs in root hair cell growth. Biochemical inhibition or genetic disruption resulted in the blockage of polarized growth in root hairs and reduced arabinosylation of EXTs. Our results demonstrate that correct O-glycosylation on EXTs is essential for cell-wall self-assembly and, hence, root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. 相似文献