Mastitis Whey — a Good Medium for Bacteria?     

P. Maisi  T. Mattila  M. Sandholm 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(2):297

Growth of mastitis pathogenic bacteria was measured in bovine whey samples by a turbidometric microtechnique. Whey from mastitis cows supported growth as compared with whey prepared from normal milk. Blood proteins leak into milk during mastitis. A study was undertaken to analyze which molecules from blood would promote bacterial growth in whey Fractions containing hemoglobin showed a distinct growth-promoting effect. An inadequate iron supply is one of the restricting growth factors for bacteria in milk. By utilizing heme-compounds the pathogens can by-pass the effect of antimicrobial iron-binding present in milk in the form of lactoferrin.  相似文献   

Detection of chloramphenicol residues in pigs with different agar diffusion methods     

Hannu Korkeala  Osmo Mki-Petys 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(3):352-364

Various tissues and body fluids of pigs given chloramphenicol intramuscularly at a dose level of 20 mg/kg 1.5, 2.5 and 18 h before slaughter were examined for drug residues with different agar diffusion methods. Zones of inhibition were observed in bile, kidney, muscle, serum and urine samples 1.5 h after drug administration. After 19 h, residues were found only in the urine. The treatment of the bile, kidney, serum and urine samples with β-glucuronidase lowered the detection threshold of the agar diffusion methods for chloramphenicol. In addition, β-glucuronidase can be used for the identification of chloramphenicol residues. Chloramphenicol yielded the greatest zones of inhibition in kidney medulla and especially in urine with and without β-glucuronidase. 18 h after drug administration residues were found with β-glucuronidase treatment only in these samples. Urine and kidney medulla proved the best samples in the residue analysis of chloramphenicol at meat inspection.  相似文献   

Do different agronomic soil tests identify similar nutrient deficiencies?     

Tuomas J. Mattila  Jukka Rajala 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):635-648

Traditionally, locally calibrated soil tests were used for fertilizer and lime recommendations. Farmers and advisors are increasingly using new ‘universal’ soil tests without local calibration. The objective of this study was to compare five commercially available soil tests and to determine whether they would provide similar recommendations. In total, 24 fields in Western Finland were sampled for 4 years while being treated with fertilizers, lime and manure. The soil samples were analysed with Mehlich-3, ammonium acetate, H3A, hydrochloric acid and mild acetic acid (Spurway) extractants. In addition, Soil Health Tool (CO₂ burst, water-soluble C and N) and tissue testing were conducted. The different tests extracted different orders of magnitude of nutrients (especially P and Mg), but the results from the different extractions were correlated. Mehlich-3 degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) presented a threshold, below which soluble phosphorus was not detected. Similar thresholds were found for P, S and Mg. Mehlich-3 and ammonium acetate provided similar results for Ca, Mg and K and can be used interchangeably for liming recommendations. Mehlich-3 identified more fields with Zn, Cu, B and S deficiencies and less fields with Mn deficiencies compared with ammonium acetate + EDTA and tissue testing. The tests had strong correlation, but the determination of nutrient deficiencies needs local calibration of deficiency limits.  相似文献   

Sequestration of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in somatic cells during experimental bovine mastitis induced by endotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae     

L Kaartinen  T Mattila  A Frost  M Sandholm 《Research in veterinary science》1990,48(3):306-309

Experimental mastitis was induced in cows by intramammary infusion of endotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae. The inflammatory response was monitored by somatic cell counting and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase). NAGase activity was analysed in fresh milk samples in parallel with samples treated by a cycle of freezing and thawing combined with detergent treatment to release the cell-bound NAGase. Before the udder reacted by inflammation, the total NAGase activity consisted of free extracellular activity. Later on when the inflammation was established, much of the milk NAGase remained sequestered intracellularly. S agalactiae was linked with a high degree of cellular NAGase sequestration indicating a blockage of the lysosomal release function from the phagocytes. S aureus delayed the inflammatory response.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mattila HR  Seeley TD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5836):362-364

Honey bee queens mate with many males, creating numerous patrilines within colonies that are genetically distinct. The effects of genetic diversity on colony productivity and long-term fitness are unknown. We show that swarms from genetically diverse colonies (15 patrilines per colony) founded new colonies faster than swarms from genetically uniform colonies (1 patriline per colony). Accumulated differences in foraging rates, food storage, and population growth led to impressive boosts in the fitness (i.e., drone production and winter survival) of genetically diverse colonies. These results further our understanding of the origins of polyandry in honey bees and its benefits for colony performance.  相似文献   

Detection of a red supergiant progenitor star of a type II-plateau supernova     

Smartt SJ  Maund JR  Hendry MA  Tout CA  Gilmore GF  Mattila S  Benn CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5657):499-503

We present the discovery of a red supergiant star that exploded as supernova 2003gd in the nearby spiral galaxy M74. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Gemini Telescope imaged this galaxy 6 to 9 months before the supernova explosion, and subsequent HST images confirm the positional coincidence of the supernova with a single resolved star that is a red supergiant of 8(+4)(-2) solar masses. This confirms both stellar evolution models and supernova theories predicting that cool red supergiants are the immediate progenitor stars of type II-plateau supernovae.  相似文献   

Comparison of in-line connected diode array and electrochemical detectors in the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) in food materials     

Mattila P  Lehtonen M  Kumpulainen J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):1229-1233

In-line connected electrochemical (EC) and diode array (DAD) detectors were compared in the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis of coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) in some food materials (beef steak, beef heart, Baltic herring fillet, and rye flour). Coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) were extracted from the samples using a 5:1 n-hexane-ethanol mixture. Coefficient of variation (CV%) of quadruplicate or quintuplicate determined samples for coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) was <10 by both EC detector and DAD. Responses of the detection systems were linear in the range evaluated, 10-200 ng/injection, and had correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. Recoveries of added coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) varied 73-105% for DAD and 74-103% for EC detector, respectively. Detection limits for coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) using the DAD system were 4 and 6 ng/injection, respectively, and 0.2 and 0.3 ng/injection by EC detection. Results derived from the two detection systems were generally similar. However, although EC detector was 20-fold more sensitive, the selectivity was, in some cases, poorer than that of DAD.  相似文献   

Milk antitrypsin, NAGase, plasmin and bacterial replication rate in whey. Effects of lactation stage, parity and daily milk yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Mattila  J Syv?j?rvi  M Sandholm 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1986,33(6):462-470

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N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and antitrypsin in subclinically infected quarter-milk samples: effect of bacteria and hemolysins, lactation stage, and lactation number     

T Mattila  J Syv?j?rvi  N E Jensen  M Sandholm 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(1):139-142

Interrelationships between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (indicating cellular damage) and antitrypsin (indicating increased permeability between the blood and milk compartments) were evaluated in 1,411 quarter-milk samples collected during routine herd surveys. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was antitrypsin, whereas, in more severe mastitis, antitrypsin had a more constant deflection. The sensitivity of both determinants was associated with the virulence of bacteria. Production of bacterial hemolytic toxins was associated with a significant increase in both determinants. Penicillinase production by staphylococci was associated with selective increases of antitrypsin.  相似文献   

Bacterial growth in mastitic milk and whey     

M Malkam?ki  T Mattila  M Sandholm 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1986,33(3):174-179

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