Nitrogen uptake by ryegrass from organic wastes applied to a sandy loam soil     

C. M. D. S. Cordovil    F. Cabral    J. Coutinho  & M. J. Goss 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(3):320-322

Sandy‐textured Mediterranean soils are invariably depleted in organic matter and supply only small amounts of N to crops. To compensate for these deficiencies, we tested the N supply from six organic wastes applied to a Cambic Arenosol in pots growing ryegrass. The results showed that the behaviour of the wastes in supplying N to a ryegrass crop grown in this soil can be predicted by observing their performance in laboratory aerobic incubations. The N made available during these incubations fitted well to a one‐pool kinetic model.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)     

Suzianny Maria Bezerra Cabral da Silva  João Luís Rocha  Pedro Carlos Cunha Martins  Alfredo Olivera Gálvez  Fernando Leandro dos Santos  Humber Agrelli Andrade  Maria Raquel Moura Coimbra 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(2):563-576

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The effects of Enterolobium contortisiliquum serine protease inhibitor on the survival of the termite Nasutitermes corniger,and its use as affinity adsorbent to purify termite proteases     

Rodrigo da Silva Ferreira  Thiago Henrique Napoleo  Rosemeire A Silva‐Lucca  Mariana Cristina Cabral Silva  Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva  Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):632-638

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Rheological properties of pasta dough during pasta extrusion: Effect of moisture and dough formulation     

Elena de la Peña  Frank A. Manthey  Bhavesh K. Patel  Osvaldo H. Campanella 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dough formulation and hydration level on the rheological properties of pasta dough during pasta extrusion. Semolina 100%, whole wheat 100%, and the following mixtures semolina-whole wheat (49:51), semolina-flaxseed flour (90:10), whole wheat-flaxseed flour (90:10), and semolina-whole wheat-flaxseed flour (39:51:10) were the formulations used for the experiments. Dough was hydrated at 30, 32, and 34% moisture content. Pasta was extruded with a capillary and a semi-commercial pasta extruder to determine the apparent viscosity of the dough during extrusion conditions and its relationship to the behavior of the dough during pasta processing. Results showed that non-traditional pasta dough behaved like a shear thinning fluid that can be described by the Power Law model. Increased hydration levels and/or presence of flaxseed flour on the dough formulation decreased the apparent viscosity of the dough, which correlated with extrusion pressure, mechanical energy, and specific mechanical energy that were required to extrude the dough in the pasta extruder. The strong correlations found between the apparent viscosity of the dough and the pasta extrusion parameters indicates the possibility of using a capillary rheometer to determine the appropriate hydration level of ingredient formulations before extruding with a pasta press.  相似文献   

Short-term changes in the soil carbon stocks of young oil palm-based agroforestry systems in the eastern Amazon     

Walmir Ribeiro de Carvalho  Steel Silva Vasconcelos  Osvaldo Ryohei Kato  Carlos José Bispo Capela  Débora Cristina Castellani 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(2):357-368

The current expansion of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Brazilian Amazon has mainly occurred within smallholder agricultural and degraded areas. Under the social and environmental scenarios associated with these areas, oil palm-based agroforestry systems represent a potentially sustainable method of expanding the crop. The capacity of such systems to store carbon (C) in the soil is an important ecosystem service that is currently not well understood. Here, we quantified the spatial variation of soil C stocks in young (2.5-year-old) oil palm-based agroforestry systems with contrasting species diversity (high vs. low); both systems were compared with a ~10-year-old forest regrowth site and a 9-year-old traditional agroforestry system. The oil palm-based agroforestry system consisted of series of double rows of oil palm and strips of various herbaceous, shrub, and tree species. The mean (±standard error) soil C stocks at 0–50 cm depth were significantly higher in the low (91.8 ± 3.1 Mg C ha^?1) and high (87.6 ± 3.3 Mg C ha^?1) species diversity oil palm-based agroforestry systems than in the forest regrowth (71.0 ± 2.4 Mg C ha^?1) and traditional agroforestry (68.4 ± 4.9 Mg C ha^?1) sites. In general, no clear spatial pattern of soil C stocks could be identified in the oil palm-based agroforestry systems. The significant difference in soil carbon between the oil palm area (under oil palm: 12.7 ± 2.3 Mg C ha^?1 and between oil palm: 10.6 ± 0.5 Mg C ha^?1) and the strip area (17.0 ± 1.4 Mg C ha^?1) at 0–5 cm depth very likely reflects the high input of organic fertilizer in the strip area of the high species diversity oil palm-based agroforestry system treatment. Overall, our results indicate a high level of early net accumulation of soil C in the oil palm-based agroforestry systems (6.6–8.3 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1) that likely reflects the combination of fire-free land preparation, organic fertilization, and the input of plant residues from pruning and weeding.  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic relatedness of the genera Ananas and Pseudananas confirmed by RAPD markers     

Claudete de Fátima Ruas  Paulo Maurício Ruas  José Renato S. Cabral 《Euphytica》2001,119(3):245-252

Genetic relationships among 18 accessions, including 16 of Ananas and two of Pseudananas, were investigated using RAPD molecular markers. The procedure for DNA extraction was adapted from the method of Dellaporta et al. (1983) where an incubation in proteinase K and a purification step were included. From the total of 148 markers scored,132 (89.2%) were polymorphic. The similarity matrix was used for cluster analysis. The phenogram developed from the RAPD bands showed that for most of the cases, the accessions within a species grouped together. Nevertheless, a moderate infraspecific genetic variation was observed. For example, DNA data grouped all A. comosus accessions with a mean similarity coefficient of 0.85. Comparable results were obtained with all other species investigated. The highest genetic divergence was found withinA. lucidus where the mean similarity coefficient among accessions was0.75. A similar level of genetic polymorphism was observed among species,therefore, a definition about which species were involved in the constitution of A. comosus genotypes was not possible. These results agree with the breeders standpoint suggesting that all Ananas species belong to the primary gene pool of pineapple. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Implications of the number of years assessment on recommendation of common bean cultivars          下载免费PDF全文

Ricardo Augusto Diniz Cabral Ferreira  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho  Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barrozo Toledo  Angela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):599-604

In the common bean crop in Brazil, the requirement of the value for cultivation and use trials is that these experiments must be conducted over two years in three locations per region. Information in regard to the necessary number of years to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation and the influence of evaluated years in the estimation of the GE interaction are still scarce. Using grain yield of five check varieties assessed over 11 years in three sowing seasons per year, the aims of this study are as follows: to measure the relative contribution of the GE interaction, evaluating the implication of the number of years in the estimates of the GE interaction, and infer how many years are needed to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation. For instances, analysis of variance was carried out involving all environments and also combinations of years. The results showed that the GE interaction was greater than all other cross‐effects involving lines. The use of at least two years allows good coincidence in cultivar recommendation compared to the whole period. Increasing the evaluation time is a good strategy, especially when it is difficult to grow three different sowing seasons.  相似文献   

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats     

Silva RD  Bueno AL  Gallon CW  Gomes LF  Kaiser S  Pavei C  Ortega GG  Kucharski LC  Jahn MP 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(6):818-826

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.  相似文献   

Controls on nitrification in a water-limited ecosystem: experimental inhibition of ammonia-oxidising bacteria in the Patagonian steppe     

Nancy I. LópezAmy T. Austin  Osvaldo E. SalaBeatriz S. Méndez 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(12):1609-1613

We studied controls on nitrification in an undisturbed water-limited ecosystem by inhibiting autotrophic nitrifying bacteria in soils with varying levels of vegetative cover. The activity of nitrifying bacteria was disrupted using nitrapyrin, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine, under field conditions in three microenvironments (underneath shrubs, next to grasses and in bare soil). Ammonia-oxidising bacteria were detected by PCR analysis of DNA in soils. The inhibition of nitrification changed the concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in the soil, while the microenvironment was most important in determining the response of bacteria to the inhibitor. Nitrapyrin application resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in soil NO₃⁻ concentration (39%) and a significant increase (p<0.001) in soil NH₄⁺ concentration (41%). Untreated bare-soil microenvironments had the lowest concentrations of NH₄⁺ (1.57 μg/g of dry soil) and NO₃⁻ (0.49 μg/g of dry soil) when compared to the other microenvironments, and showed the highest impacts of nitrification inhibition. For example, NH₄⁺ concentrations increased 288% and NO₃⁻ concentrations decreased 60% in inhibited bare-soil microenvironments. In contrast, untreated microenvironments underneath shrubs had the highest levels of NH₄⁺ (10.01 μg/g of dry soil) and NO₃⁻ (0.69 μg/g of dry soil), but showed no significant effects of inhibition of nitrification on soil nitrogen concentrations.  相似文献   

Note on the Taxonomy of Genetta     

João Crawford  Meneses Cabral 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):25-26

The recruitment patterns of six teleosts were studied at King’s Beach, Algoa Bay. February to May marked the major recruitment period for Diplodus sargus, Lithognathus mormyrus, Rhabdosargus globiceps and Trachurus capensis. The major recruitment of Sarpa salpa fry took place between August and September. Pomadasys olivaceum fry of < 5 cm total length were caught throughout the year indicating an extended breeding period. The estimated growth rates of new recruits between February and May (autumn/winter) was 0,60 cm month ^-1 for L. mormyrus, 0,75 cm month^-1 for ft globiceps and 0,40 cm month^-1 for T. capensis. The empirical growth curve derived for S. salpa indicated a growth rate of 0,75 cm month^-1. No growth estimates could be made for P. olivaceum or D. sargus.  相似文献