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Giangaspero A Alvinerie M Traversa D Paoletti B Lespine A Otranto D Boulard C 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,116(4):333-343
The prophylactic efficacy of microdoses of injectable and pour-on ivermectin formulations against larval stages of Przhevalskiana silenus was assessed in naturally infected goats in the region of Calabria (southern Italy).Sixty-eight goats from two goat farms were divided into five groups: one group remained untreated, while the other four groups were treated with microdoses of ivermectin (5 and 10 microg/kg injectable formulation and 10 and 20 microg/kg pour-on formulation).The microdoses of ivermectin were fully effective in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) as no larvae emerged from the warbles in the treated groups, while all the larvae emerged in the control groups. Irrespective of the type of formulation used, the difference between the treated groups and the control group was statistically significant (P< 0.001). By contrast, no statistical differences were found between the goats treated with the injectable formulation and those receiving the pour-on applications, and between the two doses of the injectable and pour-on formulations used. Given the plasma concentrations it attains at its lowest dose (0.052 - 0.042 ng/ml for the injectable formulation and 0.030 ng/ml for the pour-on) the injectable formulation seems to offer the most reliable route for the administration of ivermectin microdoses and it is acceptable for milk consumption. The introduction of ivermectin in the early eighties and the use of microdoses in some cases have made it possible to control cattle hypodermosis in large areas of Europe. As with cattle hypodermosis, the administration of ivermectin microdoses in goats is particularly interesting because of the low costs involved and the low levels of residues found in goat milk; it may thus constitute the basis for GWFI control campaigns in areas where the disease is prevalent. 相似文献
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Ramets of the Cupressus sempervirens clone Bolgheri were raised in three CO2 concentrations in a naturally CO2‐enriched environment [360 (control), 680 and 1670 μmol mol–1 CO2]. Bolgheri is patented as resistant to Seiridium cardinale. The ramets were artificially inoculated using a virulent isolate of S. cardinale. Healing of the resulting cankers was visually assessed over 6 years. Six months after inoculation, cankers on trees grown at 680 μmol mol–1 were significantly larger than the controls. However, no significant trend was recorded at later dates. In conclusion, the Bolgheri clone maintained its resistance to S. cardinale and could be used to control cypress canker even in increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
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Adult human brain contains cholestanol and two series of cholesterol precursors having 30, 29, 28, and 27 carbon atoms; one has an unsaturated steroid nucleus, and the other is unsaturated in both nucleus and side chain. The ability of preparations of brain to incorporate a specific precursor into cholesterol, as well as into these sterol metabolites in vitro, indicates that cholesterol synthesis continues long after brain maturation ceases. 相似文献
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Corsetti A Gobbetti M De Marco B Balestrieri F Paoletti F Russi L Rossi J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):3044-3051
The effect of various sourdoughs and additives on bread firmness and staling was studied. Compared to the bread produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 141, the chemical acidification of dough fermented by S. cerevisiae 141 or the use of sourdoughs increased the volume of the breads. Only sourdough fermentation was effective in delaying starch retrogradation. The effect depended on the level of acidification and on the lactic acid bacteria strain. The effect of sourdough made of S. cerevisiae 141-Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis 57-Lactobacillus plantarum 13 was improved when fungal alpha-amylase or amylolytic strains such as L. amylovorus CNBL1008 or engineered L. sanfranciscensis CB1 Amy were added. When pentosans or pentosans, endoxylanase enzyme, and L. hilgardii S32 were added to the same sourdough, a greater delay of the bread firmness and staling was found. When pentosans were in part hydrolyzed by the endoxylanase enzyme, the bread also had the highest titratable acidity, due to the fermentation of pentoses by L. hilgardii S32. The addition of the bacterial protease to the sourdough increased the bread firmness and staling. 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to determine the safety and suitability of vaccinia virus as an eukaryotic expression vector in dogs. Clinical signs were not seen in inoculated dogs, with the exception of small nodules at the site of inoculation. Vaccinia virus did not spread from dogs that were inoculated by SC (n = 5), intradermal (ID; n = 13), or intranasal (n = 3) routes to noninoculated dogs maintained in close contact. Replication of vaccinia virus appeared to be restricted in dogs because greater than or equal to 10(5) plaque-forming units of virus were required to induce an immune response by ID inoculation. Results were better with ID inoculation than with SC or intranasal inoculations. Repeated inoculations enhanced serum antibody titers, and annual reinoculation resulted in boosting of antibody titers. Maternal antibody interfered with virus replication and antibody production. Recombinant virus products induced antibody formation in dogs to human influenza-A virus, herpes simplex virus, and human hepatitis-B virus antigens. It was concluded that vaccinia virus would be safe and suitable as an eukaryotic expression vector in dogs. 相似文献
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Paoletti B Otranto D Weigl S Giangaspero A Di Cesare A Traversa D 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):397-399
One hundred and eighty one cats living in central Italy were tested for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection by IFAT test and specific PCRs. Overall eight (4.4%) samples were IFAT-positive for Giardia. All the IFAT-positive samples for Giardia scored positive for the PCRs, and three more samples IFAT-negative generated PCR products leading to a total 6.1% molecular positivity rate for Giardia. All the examined samples were negative for Cryptosporidium. Sequencing of samples molecularly positive to Giardia indicated that three cats harbored the zoonotic Giardia duodenalis Assemblage A, whereas all other positive animals were infected with the feline-specific G. duodenalis Assemblage F. Phylogenetic analysis carried out on the sequences obtained supported the clustering of the isolates within Assemblages A and F. The results here presented provide data on the occurrence of Giardia genotypes in cats living in close contact with humans highlighting the potential importance of this protozoan disease for the public health. 相似文献
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在Askola、Hergo和Leikora三个德国沙棘品种的浆果中,根据不同采集时间来测定其可溶性固形物,糖,有机酸,黄酮醇和类胡萝卜素的含量,用以提供一个更为完善的浆果成熟期内沙棘品质变化的情况。沙棘浆果成熟期内主要有机酸是苹果酸（1940-4660mg／100g）,奎宁酸（810～2820mg／100g）,维生素C（180～370mg／100g）和柠檬酸（90～160mg／100g）。在这3个沙棘品种中所有有机酸的浓度在成熟过程中呈现显著下降趋势。而其糖类如葡萄糖（0．26～2．10g／100g）和果糖（0．14～0．54g／100g）在3个品种中成分变化略有不同。所有3个沙棘品种维生素C浓度在成熟过程中呈现下降趋势。含有的主要黄酮醇是异鼠李素（350-660mg／kg）,槲皮素（30～100mg／kg）和山奈酚（2-5mg／kg）。在3个沙棘品种中黄酮醇浓度在成熟过程中显示出不同的变化趋势。主要类胡萝卜素是玉米黄素（30～150mg／kg）,β-胡萝卜素（3～50mg／kg）和β-隐黄质（5～19mg／kg）。基因型对类胡萝卜素的收集和类胡萝卜素的形态都有影响,但在3个沙棘品种成熟期间类胡萝卜素浓度呈现增加趋势。在成熟期间抗氧化剂的分类表现出不同的组成变化,最大浓度也出现在不同的收获期。 相似文献
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Pollen grains collected from trees of Quercus ilex L. belonging to different classes of new type damage were analyzed. Five parameters were taken into account: viability, germinability, tube lengthening, grain volume of the dehydrated state and after rehydration. Damage to mother plants clearly influences the above mentioned parameters, causing a reduction in pollen grain viability, germinability, and in the ability of the grains to rehydrate. 相似文献
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