排序方式： 共有3条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1
1.
Data collected from 350 ruminant rearers are presented in relation to four altitude strate in West Java. In each stratum and sample village, further selection of rearers was made on the basis of main land-use type and livestock species reared. The study was conducted in the dry season of 1982.Sixteen existing systems of feeding ruminants were identified. These comprised different combinations of hand feeding, full grazing, tethering and free range grazing practices. Further simplification resulted in four main systems—full grazing, full hand feeding, mainly grazing and mainly hand feeding.Characteristics and prevalence of these feeding systems are described and related to altitudinal strata and seasons.Hand feeding was the most common system above 100 m in altitude and was especially prevalent in the wet season. However, below 100 m (where 50% of livestock units are located) combinations (mainly grazing) were most common in the wet season and grazing was predominant in the dry season.This study is intended to provide a sound background for planning research on feeding, and for village livestock development in West Java. 相似文献
2.
Understanding and managing groundwater and salinity in a tropical conjunctive water use irrigation district 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Agricultural production around the world is increasingly being constrained by hydrological factors—such as over-extraction of groundwater in some locations, rising water tables in others, and worsening groundwater quality in general. One such area is the Lower Burdekin irrigation area in northern tropical Australia, where rising watertable levels and increasing salinity concentrations within alluvial deposits are causing concern. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the processes driving trends in groundwater quantity and quality in Mona Park, a conjunctive water use irrigation district in the Lower Burdekin. The analysis is intended to enable land and water managers to explore alternative policy and management practices to help support the reversal in current trends, and to improve water table conditions in terms of both water quantity and quality. Key lessons that are applicable to the development of new irrigation schemes in wet-dry tropical regions elsewhere in the world are emphasised.This study demonstrated that simple qualitative methods that link historical developments and observed climatic and hydrological trends can support development of a robust understanding of groundwater behaviour. The results showed that to minimise groundwater accessions in wet-dry tropical regions, a large soil water deficit should be maintained in the unsaturated zone prior to the onset of the wet season to buffer against potentially large wet season recharge events, and that this strategy should be implemented from when irrigation is first commenced. It is very clear that groundwater systems under or down gradient from irrigated areas need to be managed adaptively, such that: (1) timely decisions are made in response to changes in watertable level and groundwater quality; and (2) suitable mechanisms are in place to ensure farmers have the financial incentives and flexibility to respond in the short-term. The work also demonstrated that the establishment of good baseline data prior to irrigation development, and long-term analysis (>30 years) involving various combinations of wet and dry periods, are required in order to build a comprehensive understanding of potential groundwater behaviour and adaptive management needs. 相似文献
3.
International and national development programs in Nepal place high priority on management of forests for biodiversity. Communities
are expected to embrace and cooperate in this endeavour for biodiversity conservation, yet little research has been carried
out to understand community viewpoints on biodiversity conservation, or even to ascertain people’s understanding of the concept
of biodiversity. This paper explores perceptions and concepts related to biodiversity and its conservation held by people
involved in community forestry in Nepal. Data were obtained from in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions
carried out in two contrasting geographical districts. The results show that the Western term ‘biodiversity’, translated into
Nepalese as jaiwik bibidhata, is new and confusing to most forest people, who interpret the term in a variety of ways. People’s perceptions of biodiversity
vary widely and a considerable gap exists between policy-makers and forest users in the understanding and interpretation of
this Nepalese term and its related concepts. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation
of development programs and in formulation of forest policy in Nepal. 相似文献
1