Alessandro Bonanno and Lawrence Busch (eds): Handbook of the international political economy of agriculture and food     

Marie Louise Ryan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(3):731-732

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological features 1985 to 1990.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J W Wilesmith  J B Ryan  W D Hueston  L J Hoinville 《The Veterinary record》1992,130(5):90-94

Following the identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the British cattle population in 1986 epidemiological studies were launched. This paper provides an updated account of the epidemiological features of BSE from 1985, when the first cases, based on clinical histories, occurred, until 1990. The number of cases up to December 1989 represents an annual incidence of 3.9 confirmed cases per 1000 adult animals in Great Britain. Many more dairy herds were affected than beef suckler herds, a difference attributable to the difference in feeding practices between the two herd types. The geographical variation in incidence previously described has persisted with the highest incidence in the south and east of England. Other features of the epidemiology, including the low within-herd incidence, remained unaltered from the earlier findings. The results support the previously suggested hypothesis that the outbreak of BSE was due to the sudden exposure of the cattle population to a scrapie-like agent in 1981/82. There was no evidence of direct transmission between cattle during the period considered.  相似文献   

Blindness associated with toxoplasmosis in canaries.     

M C Vickers  W J Hartley  R W Mason  J P Dubey  L Schollam 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(11):1723-1725

Seven of 30 canaries in an aviary in New Zealand developed ophthalmic problems. Clinically, 5 birds had unilateral and 2 birds had bilateral lesions characterized by conjunctivitis, crusty exudates on eyelids, and collapse of the eyeball. Microscopic lesions in 12 of 14 eyes examined included inflammation of the choroid and retina, with osseous replacement of the globe in some. Numerous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were seen in the detached retina and vitreous humor of acutely affected birds. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with T gondii antiserum. Affected birds had encephalitis, and T gondii was localized in the brains of these by immunohistochemical examination and by use of bioassays in mice. Toxoplasmosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of ophthalmitis in canaries.  相似文献   

Ovarian follicular characteristics, embryo recovery, and embryo viability in heifers fed high-fat diets and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone.     

D P Ryan  R A Spoon  G L Williams 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(11):3505-3513

Postpubertal beef heifers (n = 55) were used to examine the effects of high-fat diets, independently of energy intake, on nonesterified fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolic patterns, ovarian follicular dynamics, and embryo recovery/viability after FSH superstimulation. High-lipid (HL) diets (5.4% added fat) increased (P < .01) serum concentrations of cholesterol, but not of nonesterified fatty acids, during the 35-d period before FSH treatment. Development of medium-sized (5 to 9.9 mm) follicles was enhanced (P < .05) during this period in heifers fed the HL diet. The HL diet increased total cholesterol (P < .05) and progesterone (P = .14) concentrations in follicular fluid obtained at ovariectomy (n = 10) 60 h after the onset of FSH treatment, but neither estradiol-17 beta nor androstenedione was affected. Granulosa cells recovered from FSH-induced, estrogen-active follicles in heifers fed the HL diet produced greater quantities of progesterone (P = .06) and less estradiol-17 beta (P < .05) in vitro than did granulosa cells from heifers fed the normal lipid diet. Dietary treatment did not influence FSH-stimulated recruitment of medium and large follicles, number of ovulations, embryo recovery, or embryo viability. Data suggest that increments in dietary fat intake can alter specific aspects of ovarian steroidogenic potential and can increase the population of medium-sized follicles theoretically available for maturation and harvest during the estrous cycle. However, conditions that limited the latter process in the current experiment are not understood and require further investigation.  相似文献   

Ketoconazole therapy in a dog with systemic cryptococcosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G D Mason  M A Labato  A Bachrach 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(7):954-956

A 2-year-old dog had bilateral chorioretinitis and a cough. Systemic cryptococcosis was diagnosed by evaluating a trans-tracheal aspirate and a cryptococcal latex-particle agglutination antigen titer. Clinical remission was achieved with ketoconazole administration, an imidazole antifungal agent. Serial antigen titers were used to monitor treatment, which was continued for 12 months. Ketoconazole therapy was well tolerated by the dog.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with swine hepatitis E virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Chaiyan Kasorndorkbua  Brad J. Thacker  Patrick G. Halbur  Denis K. Guenette  Ryan M. Buitenwerf  Ryan L. Royer    Xiang-Jin Meng 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(4):303-306

To determine the effect of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on pregnant gilts, their fetuses, and offspring, 12 gilts were intravenously inoculated with swine HEV. Six gilts, who were not inoculated, served as controls. All inoculated gilts became actively infected and shed HEV in feces, but vertical transmission was not detected in the fetuses. There was no evidence of clinical disease in the gilts or their offspring. Mild multifocal lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 4 of 12 inoculated gilts. There was no significant effect of swine HEV on fetal size, fetal viability, or offspring birth weight or weight gain. The offspring acquired anti-HEV colostral antibodies but remained seronegative after the antibodies waned by 71 days of age. Swine HEV infection induced subclinical hepatitis in pregnant gilts, but had no effect on the gilts' reproductive performance, or the fetuses or offspring. Fulminant hepatitis associated with HEV infection was not reproduced in gilts.  相似文献   

Effect of ivermectin and oxfendazole on shedding of larvae of the lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) by red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

Bowie JY  Mackintosh CG  Mason PC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1987,35(1-2):8-10

Thirty eight newly weaned hinds were randomly allocated to one of two equal groups. One group received ivermectin, the other, oxfendazole at dose rates of 0.2 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg, respectively. All deer were drenched four times and were grazed on pasture. Both anthelmintics reduced D. viviparus faecal larval counts to low levels 20 days after dosing, but the mean larval output and the proportion of deer shedding D. viviparus larvae at 27 and 33 days after treatment, were significantly lower in the ivermectin treated group. There was no significant difference in weight gain between the two groups throughout the trial. This study suggests that ivermectin prevents reinfection with D. viviparus for approximately 14 days longer than oxfendazole.  相似文献   

Equine hydatidosis: a new record for New Zealand     

Bowie J  Mason PC  Oudemans G  Montgomery RH 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1984,32(9):151-153

Cysts found in the liver of a horse which had never been out of New Zealand were used to infect two dogs which were slaughtered 35 days after infection. Large numbers of Echinococcus granulosus were recovered. These cestodes were compared with mature dog-sheep cestodes, using light and scanning electron microscopy and identified as the dog-horse strain of E.granulosus.  相似文献   

Live sheep exports     

Mason H 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1986,34(5):73

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The effect of gastro-intestinal parasitism on the temporary dentition of lambs     

Orr MB  Mason P  Crosbie SF 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(4):48-52

The temporary dentitions of 18 to 39-week-old lambs with a very light or a very heavy parasite burden are compared. The heavily parasitised lambs developed longer temporary incisors which tended to protrude further forward in relation to the upper dental pad. They showed absolute hypocalcaemia and hypoalbuminaemia and relative hypophosphataemia and hypoproteinaemia and in the alveolar bone of the mandible there was a reduction in ash and matrix densities and matrix mineralisation. The incisor protrusion and lengthening may have been a consequence of the loss of supporting bone, but inappetance was likely to have been a factor contributing to the lengthening.  相似文献