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In relevance to osmoregulatory and reproductive functions, activity of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons may also vary seasonally. The current study was performed to determine annual changes in ir-AVT neurons of hypothalamus and adrenal gland function. We examined changes in ir-AVT neuron by immunohistochemical method and plasma testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The steroidogenic interrenal activity was studied by histological and biochemical methods. Birds were sampled in February (quiescent), April (recrudescent), June (breeding) and November (regressive). A significant and gradual increase in the number of ir-AVT neurons was observed from quiescent to breeding phase which decreased during regressive phase of annual gonadal cycle. The gradual increase in ir-AVT neurons along with annual gonadal activity of quail were accompanied by increase in plasma levels of testosterone. These results indicate a functional interaction between sex steroid and AVT synthesizing neurons. Adrenal activity (as judged by weight, ascorbic acid content, cortical cord width and cortico-medullary ratio) was also maximum during breeding phase. It is thus postulated that domesticated quail when exposed to natural day length (NDL), exhibits seasonal/annual cyclicity in vastocinergic activity and adrenal function which may be due to difference in sex steroid hormone. 相似文献
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Sonali Prusty Madhu Mohini Shivlal Singh Kundu Ajay Kumar Chander Datt 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):65-70
Fifteen male Murrah buffalo calves (15–18 months, 227.98?±?4.44 kg body weight) were distributed randomly in to three equal groups and fed solely on either berseem (G1), oats (G2), or chicory fodder (G3). A digestibility trial followed by methane measurement using SF6 tracer technique was conducted. No significant difference was observed in nutrient intake; however, crude protein (CP) intake was lower in G2 (0.35 kg) than G1 (0.7) and in G3 (0.71) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) intake was significantly (p?<?0.05) higher in G3 (1.54 and 0.31 kg) followed by G2 (1.27 and 0.2 kg) and G1 (1.06 and 0.18 kg). The digestible dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract intake was similar in all the groups, whereas the digestible CP and NFC intake was lower in G2 compared to G1 and G3. Chicory- and berseem-fed groups emitted 12.2 and 5.2 % less methane than oats-fed group. However, no significant difference was observed in the absolute methane loss and methane loss as percentage of energy intake (p?>?0.05) among the groups. There was positive correlation between nutrient intake and total methane production. However, an inverse relationship was observed between total digestible carbohydrate intake and methane production (g/kg dry matter intake). The following regression equations were developed to estimate methane production: methane (g/kg BW) = 128.8553 + (167.7456 × dNDFI) + (216.32 × dCPI) ? (40.3313 × dNFCI) and methane (g/d) = ?1.7494 + (41.42 × NDFI) + (39.8686 × CPI) + (0.5197 × NFCI). 相似文献
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The present study investigates the effects of temporal synergism of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and pineal function (pinealectomy and melatonin administration) on gonadal response and nitric oxide (NO) activity in Japanese quail. Three-week-old male quails were divided into 9 groups, as follows: (I) control (treated with normal saline); (II) 8-h and (III) 12-h (receiving l-DOPA after the administration of 5-HTP [5 mg/100 g body weight] at the interval of 8 and 12 h, respectively, over a period of 13 days); (IV) SO (sham operated); (V) Px (pinealectomized); (VI) Veh (vehicle treated control); (VII) Mel (melatonin 25 μg/100 g body weight for 45 days); (VIII) 12-h + Veh; and (IX) 12-h + Mel (same as in (III) but further treated with the vehicle or melatonin, respectively, for 32 days). Body weight and cloacal gland volume were recorded weekly, whereas spermatogenesis, plasma testosterone concentration, and total nitrite and nitrate concentration in plasma, hypothalamus, and testes were measured at the termination of the study. Results indicate that compared to the controls, 8-h, Mel, and 12-h + Mel treatments suppressed whereas 12-h and Px stimulated the reproductive system. Further, a significant increase in plasma testosterone, total nitrite, and nitrate in the 12-h and Px groups and a decrease in these concentrations in 8-h, Mel and 12-h + Mel quail were observed. It is evident that 5-HTP and l-DOPA given at the interval of 8 h, as well as melatonin, are potent inhibitors of gonadal development, and the gonado stimulatory effect of the 12-h temporal relationship of the neurotransmitter precursors is masked by the inhibitory effect of melatonin. It is concluded that modulation of the daily phase relationship of neural oscillations and pineal function alters gonadal function and NO activity. Further, NO exhibits a parallel relationship with gonadal function in Japanese quail; this relationship appears to be mediated through NO activity, suggesting a causal relationship, although the mechanism between the 2 systems remains a topic of discussion. 相似文献
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Gupta Shiva Mohini Madhu Malla Bilal A. Mondal Goutam Pandita Sujata 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):859-866
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Murrah buffalo heifers (live weight 135?±?17 kg) were fed a total mixed ration without supplementation (CON), or supplemented with... 相似文献