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Bengia Bai Vinod K. Suri Anil Kumar Anil K. Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(8):941-954
Field experimentation was conducted at Palampur, India during 2011–2012 in an acid Alfisol to quantify the influence of integrated use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Rhizobium and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on growth, productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiencies in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments involving AMF (Glomus mosseae), Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum), and inorganic N and P fertilizers. The results revealed that dual inoculation of pea seed with AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation significantly by 19.4 and 13.1, 10.7 and 10.7, and 16.6 and 16.7%, respectively at 60 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Similarly, dual inoculation exhibited significant respective increases of 9.5 and 14.6% in absolute and crop growth rates over generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD) during 60–120 DAS. The dual inoculation led to significant respective increases of 1.0 and 2.2, 1.06 and 1.74, 0.21 and 1.5, and 1.05 and 1.60 folds in partial factor productivity, crop recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, and % recovery of applied N and P, respectively over GRD. The magnitude of increase in pea productivity, net returns, and boron to carbon (B:C) ratio following dual inoculation was to the tune of 20, 54.4, and 104.1%, respectively over GRD. Dual inoculation also exhibited significant increases of 19.4 and 53.1% in production and monetary efficiencies of pea over GRD. Overall, dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea has great potential in enhancing pea productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency besides saving about 25% fertilizer N and P without impairing pea productivity in Himalayan acid Alfisol. 相似文献
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Injection of the avermectin analogue, MK-243, into engorged female Amblyomma hebraeum Koch resulted in reduced ovary weight, oocyte length, and ovary vitellin content. There was no significant reduction in hemolymph vitellogenin concentration in MK-243 treated ticks. Although MK-243 was previously shown to markedly reduce hemolymph 20E-concentration, injection of 20E, the vitellogenic hormone in this tick, did not reverse the effects of MK-243 on ovary development. These data suggest that MK-243 may exert its inhibition of egg development more at the level of vitellogenin uptake than vitellogenin synthesis. MK-243 also reversed salivary gland degeneration slightly, probably via its inhibitory effect on 20E-synthesis. 相似文献
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HPLC with PDA and MS(2) detection was used to identify and quantify flavonoids in the tropical citrus species Citrus microcarpa , Citrus hystrix , Citrus medica var. 1 and 2, and Citrus suhuiensis . Most of these species contained high amounts of flavones, flavanones, and dihydrochalcone C- and/or O-glycosides, which were identified on the basis of HPLC retention times, cochromatography with available authentic standards, absorbance spectra, and mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Among the major compounds detected were apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside, apigenin-8-C-glucosyl-2″-O-rhamnoside, phloretin-3',5'-di-C-glucoside, diosmetin-7-O-rutinoside, hesperetin-7-O-neohesperidoside, and hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside. Most of the dihydrochalcone and flavone C-glycosides have not previously been detected in tropical citrus. C. microcarpa contained a high amount of phloretin-3',5'-di-C-glucoside. Most of the tropical citrus flavanones were neohesperidoside conjugates, which are responsible for imparting a bitter taste to the fruit. Only C. suhuiensis fruit contains rutinoside, a nonbitter conjugate. 相似文献
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AbstractTo harness the benefits of system of rice intensification (SRI) coupled with short-duration rice-hybrids, 10 multi-location “On-Farm-Trials” were conducted during 2007–2012 in Himachal Pradesh, India. The study revealed that rice-hybrids were more productive with higher resource-use-efficiency than high-yielding-varieties (HYVs) both under conventional-transplanting (CT) and SRI. The Arize-6129 rice-hybrid exhibited wider adaptability for CT and SRI under varying bio-physical regimes. Arize-6129 rice-hybrid under SRI in rainfed medium-fertility, irrigated medium-fertility and irrigated high-fertility situations yielded about 6.75–6.88, 7.00–7.86, and 7.58-8.32 t grains ha?1, respectively; with respective net returns of INR 48,517–49,761, 57,240–62,603 and 64,333–66,748?ha?1. After Arize-6129, “Swift,” “US-312,” and “PAC-801” are the alternate options for SRI-cultivation. Adoption of SRI using short-duration rice-hybrids under participator-mode technology-transfer program, led to higher net income gains by 29.4% over CT in study area. Overall, SRI using short-duration rice-hybrids has provided new opportunities to enhance rice productivity and profitability to transform rural-livelihoods in wet-temperate NW Himalayas. 相似文献
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The influences of the insecticides quinalphos, chlorpyriphos, methyl parathion, endosulfan, imidacloprid and deltamethrin applied three times at 10 days intervals at half of their recommended field concentrations to potted plants of a planthopper-susceptible and a planthopper-resistant rice variety, on reproduction and survival of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), and on the chemistry of its host plant, were investigated. Methyl parathion, deltamethrin and quinalphos enhanced the fecundity of the hopper (164-211 vs. 131 for the control) and consequently the resurgence ratio (increased up to 1.75 fold). Methyl parathion and deltamethrin significantly increased nymphal survival (59.3 vs. 52.2% for the control) and the growth index (4.8 vs. 4.2 for the control) of the hopper. The sex ratios of adults emerging on methyl parathion- and deltamethrin-treated rice plants increased in favour of females (1.51 vs. 1.15 for the control) on the susceptible variety but was not altered on the resistant variety. Biochemical analyses of the rice leaves revealed significantly higher quantities of reducing sugars, proteins and amino acids, but lower amounts of total phenols in leaf sheaths and blades of methyl parathion-, deltamethrin- and quinalphos-treated plants of the two varieties. The leaf sheaths and blades of the resistant variety contained more than twice the total phenols present in those of the susceptible variety. The results showed a positive correlation between increased levels of reducing sugars, amino acids and proteins in the rice plants and the fecundity of S. furcifera and a negative correlation between phenol contents of the rice plants and fecundity. 相似文献
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