Observations on the rooting patterns of some agroforestry trees in an arid region of north-western India     

O. P. Toky  R. P. Bisht 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,18(3):245-263

The present study deals with root architecture of 6-year-old trees of 9 indigenous and 3 exotic species growing in arid climate of north-western India. Observations, made on excavated root systems (3 tree replicates of each species) showed large variation in horizontal and vertical spread of roots. In Morus alba, Melia azedarach and Populus deltoides, the roots were confined to 80 cm, while in Prosopis cineraria, Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus tereticornis, roots penetrated more deeply to 233 cm. The number of total roots ranged from 103 in Acacia catechu to 1932 in Eucalyptus tereticornis, and 62 to 80% of the roots were less than 2 mm in diameter. The primary roots were more horizontal than the secondary roots. The total root biomass varied from 2.2 kg in Acacia catechu to 30.6 kg^–1 tree in Populus deltoides, and top 30 cm soil contained 42 to 78% of the total biomass. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the ecological niche of the species, and its usefulness in agroforestry systems.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in minerals,crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India     

S. Arya  R. P. Bisht  R. Tomar  O. P. Toky  P. J. C. Harris 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,29(1):1-7

Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50 N to 29°55 N latitude and 69°49 E to 78°03 E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10 N latitude, 75°46 E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p<0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.  相似文献   

Seed Maturation Indicators in Pyracantha crenulata Roxb. in Kumaun Central Himalaya     

Shruti Shah  Bhawna Tewari  Swati Bisht  Ashish Tewari 《New Forests》2006,32(1):1-7

Fruits of Pyracantha crenulata were collected from two locations varying by approximately 550 m in elevation from south aspect for assessing seed maturation indicators. The mean seed size (length×diameter) across the collection dates varied between 1.61 ± 0.7 and 4.93 ± 0.06 mm² across both the locations. The seed moisture content negatively correlated with germination. The change in fruit colour from dark green to light orange, the range of fruit moisture content (30.43% ± 0.06 to 36.10% ± 0.25) and the seed moisture content between 68.8% ± 0.68 and 71.6 ± 0.62 coincided with maximum germination and appear to be major indicators of seed maturation in Pyracantha crenulata.  相似文献   

Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants     

Shailendra Raghuwanshi  Swati Misra  Rajendra Kumar Saxena 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):13

Background

Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw (WS) and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/w) on WS followed by fermentation with Ganoderma sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein (CP) content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed.

Results

Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% (w/v) tannic acid (TA) was initially used as a substrate in medium containing (% w/v) sucrose (1.0), NaNO₃ (1.0), and MgSO₄ (0.08 pH, 5.0) in a 300-L fermentor (working volume 220 L), and concomitantly fed with 1.0% (w/v) TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% (w/w) tannase showed 37.8% (w/w) lignin degradation with only a 20.4% (w/w) decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content (up to 1.28-fold) along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained.

Conclusions

The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.  相似文献   

Identification of a diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm based on genotyping using microsatellite markers          下载免费PDF全文

Kapil K. Tiwari  Anshuman Singh  Sasmita Pattnaik  Maninder Sandhu  Sukhdeep Kaur  Sourabh Jain  Sushma Tiwari  Shweta Mehrotra  Mahender Anumalla  Rashmita Samal  Jyoti Bhardwaj  Neha Dubey  Vikrant Sahu  Gayle A. Kharshing  Patu K. Zeliang  Kadiri Sreenivasan  Pankaj Kumar  Swarup K. Parida  Sevanthi V. A. Mithra  Vandana Rai  Wricha Tyagi  Pawan K. Agrawal  Atmakuri R. Rao  Arunava Pattanayak  Girish Chandel  Ashok K. Singh  Ishwari S. Bisht  Kangila V. Bhat  Gundimeda J. N. Rao  Jitendra P. Khurana  Nagendra K. Singh  Trilochan Mohapatra 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):164-171

Identification of a small core germplasm set representing the available genetic diversity is essential for its proper evaluation and subsequent utilization in rice improvement programmes. For constituting a small diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm, a representative set of 6912 accessions drawn based on their geographic origin from the whole rice germplasm collection available in the National Gene Bank was genotyped using 36 microsatellite markers. Automated fragment analysis of amplicons yielded a total of 435 alleles, with an average 12.4 and range of 3–29 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (RGNMS190) to 0.86 (RM552) with an average of 0.528. Based on genotyping data, a mini‐core consisting of 98 genotypes was identified. Ninety‐four per cent of the alleles present in the core set were present in the mini‐core. The identified small but diverse panel will be useful for further intensive trait‐specific evaluation and utilization in allele mining.  相似文献   

A Suitable Site for in situ (On-farm) Management of Plant Diversity in Traditional Agroecosystems of Western Himalaya in Uttaranchal State: A Case Study     

I. S. Bisht  K. S. Rao  D. C. Bhandari  Sunil Nautiyal  R. K. Maikhuri  B. S. Dhillon 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1333-1350

There is a growing realisation world over that the introduction of modern agriculture has to be supplemented with measures to conserve biodiversity in situ if yield gains are to be stabilized. Hence, there is a growing interest from agricultural development specialists and conservation biologists for understanding the socioeconomic factors determining the conservation of biodiversity in situ. The present study was conducted with the objective of understanding the in situ (on-farm) conservation of agrobiodiversity in traditional agroecosystems taking the Urgam valley in north-western Himalaya of India, as a case study. An inventory was made of traditional crops and wild economic species for subsistence, and the structure of forest resource base, traditional knowledge related to resource management and use. Institutional and scientific challenges for in situ (on-farm) management of crop diversity were studied and are discussed in this paper. Complementarity of in situ (on-farm) conservation with ex situ conservation together with crop improvement in such marginal areas are suggested.  相似文献   

Effect of diet on cast production by the megascolecid earthworm Amynthas alexandri in laboratory culture     

B. R. Kaushal  S. P. S. Bisht  S. Kalia 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1994,17(1):14-17

Feeding and casting activity of Amynthas alexandri fed on corn, wheat leaves, and mixed grasses were monitored in laboratory cultures. Casts were produced on the surface and sides of the containers. Food consumption varied from 36.5 to 69 mg g^–1 live worm day^–1. Cast production ranged from 3.95 to 5.9 mg g^–1 live worm day^–1. The C:N ratio in casts in laboratory cultures (11.17) and in field samples (8.84) was consistently lower than the corresponding ratio in the parent soil (13.19 and 10.54, respectively). This was probably due to mineralization of plant-derived organic material during passage through earthworms with consequent low C:N ratios.  相似文献   

Soil Chemical and Biological Activities under Vegetable Intensive Colocasia-based Cropping System in Indian Sub-Himalayas     

Mangal Deep Tuti  Ramesh Singh Pal  Dibakar Mahanta  Brij Mohan Pandey  Jaideep Kumar Bisht 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(7):948-962

ABSTRACT

Lack of crop diversification with suitable vegetable-based cropping system is a major constraint in limiting the productivity and sustainability of north-western Indian sub-Himalayas. To find out a sustainable vegetable-based cropping system in this region, a three year colocasia-based vegetable intensive experiment was conducted at Hawalbagh, Almora, India in a sandy clay loam soil under sub-temperate climatic conditions. Seven colocasia-based vegetable cropping systems along with rice–wheat system were compared under recommended package and practices. The system productivity in terms of colocasia equivalent yield was highest under colocasia–onion–frenchbean (52.38 Mg ha^?1) system. Sustainable yield index was highest with colocasia–gardenpea–frenchbean system (0.86). After 3 years, total soil organic carbon (0–5%), available N (2–22%), P (–7% to 14%) and K (3–15%) concentrations were increased in all cropping systems except rice–wheat system, where negative balance of available P (7%) was observed over that of initial soil. Significantly higher soil microbial activity, soil carbohydrate, dehydrogenase, protease, acid and alkaline phosphatases activity were observed under colocasia–onion system. The results suggest that colocasia–onion–frenchbean system with higher productivity improves soil fertility and enhances enzymatic activities.  相似文献   

Antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in Indian native vis-à-vis imported breeds of chickens.     

A Kundu  D P Singh  S C Mohapatra  B B Dash  R P Moudgal  G S Bisht 《British poultry science》1999,40(1):40-43

1. A total of 433 birds (7 weeks old) of both sexes belonging to Indian native breeds, including, Aseel, Kadakanath, Naked Neck and Frizzle fowl along with the imported breeds Dahlem Red, White Leghorn, Synthetic dam line broiler (SDL) and Naked Neck broiler were utilised to test the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes by haemagglutination test. The effect of genotype (breed), sex and their interactions on antibody response were also studied. 2. The results revealed the presence of natural antibodies in all groups under study. 3. All groups except broilers showed the highest HA titre on day 5 post immunisation, which gradually declined until the end of the experiment (19th day post immunisation). In broilers, the peak HA titre was observed on day 12. 4. Dahlem Red showed the highest response throughout. The lowest antibody response was recorded for broilers except on day 19 post immunisation when it exceeded the White Leghorn value. 5. Amongst the native Indian breeds, the Naked neck had the highest titre on day 5 post immunisation but the Aseel titre was highest on days 12 and 19. 6. Males tended to have higher titres than females in Aseel, Kadakanath, Naked Neck, White Leghorn and Naked Neck broilers whereas Frizzle, Dahlem Red and SDL broilers showed the converse. 7. Statistical analysis revealed significant variation in HA response among the various genetic groups on different days post immunisation. The apparent differences between sexes were not significant. However, interactions between breed and sex were significant on day 5 and 19 post immunisation.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial activity of Hedychium spicatum     

Bisht GS  Awasthi AK  Dhole TN 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(3):240-242

Extracts from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Essential oil, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures.  相似文献