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Jie Kuai Xiaoyong Li Zhen Li Yan Xie Bo Wang Guangsheng Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):823-836
Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties. 相似文献
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冬季罗非鱼营养性疾病的探讨与防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
罗非鱼属热带鱼类 ,其最适生长温度在 2 5~35℃ ,生存温度 15~ 37℃ ,而致死温度在 10℃以下。在我国南方地区 (特别是两广地区 ) ,冬季平均气温在 10℃以上 ,为罗非鱼在自然条件下安全越冬提供了十分有利的条件。然而在冬季 ,许多地方还是发生了较大规模的鱼病和死亡情况。下面就南方地区冬季罗非鱼发病死亡的原因进行探讨并提出防治措施 ,以供参考。1 鱼病的流行情况与症状进入冬季 ,罗非鱼的死亡情况大多发生在气温骤然下降两、三天后 ,当气温又有所回升之时 ,其损失情况也各有不同。有些是集中大批量死亡 ,有些则是连续几天不断有死… 相似文献
5.
农民收入构成变化特点与分析评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,农民收入增长缓慢已成为农业和农村经济发展中的突出问题,分析评价农民收入构成变化情况与特点,利于探索农民增收的新途径和对策措施.…… 相似文献
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A. Schots J. De Boer A. Schouten J. Roosien J. F. Zil Verentant H. Pomp L. Bouwman-Smits H. Overmars F. J. Gommers B. Visser W. J. Stiekema J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191
Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (VL) and heavy chain (VH) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location. 相似文献
7.
安徽省鸡免疫抑制性疾病的流行病学调查 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采集了安徽省6个主要养鸡地区65群鸡的185只病鸡共986份组织样品,对可引起免疫抑制性疾病的5种最常见病毒进行了PCR检测。结果,传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)、鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)、马立克氏病病毒(MDV)、禽白血病病毒(ALV)和网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)的群阳性率和个体阳性率分别为73.08%和40.91%、46.15%和25.95%、41.54%和17.84%、18.46%和7.57%、13.85%和4.86%,其中被检鸡之二重或多重混合感染的总阳性率为24.33%。调查结果证实,免疫抑制性疾病在安徽省的商业鸡群中普遍存在,并与鸡群疾病多而复杂、损失大相关。 相似文献
8.
Tsutomu MATSUMOTO Yuichiro NARA Hiromitsu FURUYA Harumi TAKAHASHI Kiichi TAIRAKO Hideki YAMAMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):382-384
L11A-Fukushima (L11A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited.
Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L11A-F and L11A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these
results, L11A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L11A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L11A-F preparations was established.
Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002 相似文献
9.
Shohei MATSUURA Shigeru HOSHINO Hideaki HAYASHI Tetsuyuki KOHGUCHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Toshihiro OMURA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):99-102
DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum
production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently
infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV
originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields.
Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001 相似文献
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