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With the aim of developing therapeutic agents for strongyloidosis, the disease caused by infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, we established a novel assay technique using S. ratti and S. venezuelensis as models for S. stercoralis. The newly developed assay technique was found to more accurately represent treatment-induced larval paralysis than existing assays. Our method uses paper disks impregnated with the test solution, which even allows materials that are sparingly soluble in water to be tested. An inverted microscope was used to observe the larval states, and these states were recorded using a digital camera. We observed the activities of ivermectin and thiabendazole against larvae and calculated larval motility and velocity. These two factors were then combined to determine the overall viability of larvae at selected concentrations. The activities of the anthelmintics were compared by calculating the concentrations at which 50% viability was demonstrated, or in other words, the concentration at which paralysis was caused in 50% of the individuals (50% paralysis concentration; PC(50)). Evaluations after 24h of exposure yielded the following reproducible PC(50) values for ivermectin and thiabendazole, respectively: S. ratti, 2.4 and 140 microM; and S. venezuelensis, 2.3 and 190 microM. After treatment with ivermectin, there was a tendency for larval motility to be greater than that of the controls at low concentrations, a result that might be associated with its mechanism of action. 相似文献
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Funaba M Yamate T Hashida Y Maki K Gotoh K Kaneko M Yamamoto H Iriki T Hatano Y Abe M 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(8):1059-1064
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a high-protein diet versus dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on struvite crystal formation in the urine of clinically normal cats by measuring the urine concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-insoluble sediment, urine pH, struvite activity product (SAP), number of struvite crystals in urine, and urine volume. ANIMALS: 23 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURE: Urine was fractionated by centrifugation with subsequent extraction of the sediment with 1 N HCl (study 1). Diets containing either 29% crude protein or 55% crude protein were fed to cats in a crossover trial of 3 weeks/period (study 2). Diets supplemented with either sodium chloride (NaCl) or NH4Cl were fed, by use of a 3 x 3 Latin-square design with 3 wk/period (study 3). In studies 2 and 3, urine samples were collected for the last 7 days of each period. RESULTS: The HCl-insoluble sediment contained Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP; study 1). The high-protein diet (study 2) and dietary supplementation with NH4Cl (study 3) resulted in a decrease in urine pH, SAP, and the number of struvite crystals in urine. However, the high-protein diet decreased urine concentrations of HCl-insoluble sediment containing THP (study 2), in contrast to the NH4Cl supplementation that increased urine volume without a significant effect on the urine concentration of the HCl-insoluble sediment (study 3). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that compared with dietary supplementation with NH4Cl, the high-protein diet is preferable as a urine acidifier for the prevention of struvite crystal formation in clinically normal cats. 相似文献
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Iinuma Y Suzuki M Yokoyama M Tanaka-Nakamura Y Ohtaishi N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(9):791-795
This work was designed to observe the dentine incremental lines of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) fawns and to investigate their periodicity using the chronological labeling method with fluorochromes. The incremental lines were observed in decalcified specimens stained by Bodian's silver technique, and the fluorescence-labeled lines were observed in undecalcified and ground specimens. In the silver stained specimens, there were two types of lines, deeply stained thick lines and faintly stained minute regular incremental lines. The intervals and staining intensities of the deeply stained thick lines were very similar to those of the fluorescence-labeled lines in the ground specimens obtained from the same tooth, and hence, it appeared that the both lines were identical. The number of minute incremental lines between the deeply stained thick lines was the same as that of days between the time when each fluorescent labeling injection was made. Therefore, it seemed that each minute incremental line was formed each day. The possibility of age estimation in days using diurnal dentine increments was discussed. 相似文献
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Mamoru Satou Kazufumi Nishi Masaharu Kubota Michiko Fukami Hideaki Tsuji Kees van Ettekoven 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):193-194
The races for the causal agent of spinach downy mildew Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were identified by inoculation of race-differential cultivars. One isolate was identified as Pfs:5s and the others belonged
to a new race. This is the first report of race Pfs:5 and another new race in Japan. 相似文献
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【目的】戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis Evirus,HEV)感染是一种人畜共患病,而猪是HEV的病毒储库。在日本,HEV感染已成为猪的地方性猪病。阐明HEV在猪场中的详细传播机制,将有利于人们掌握特定年龄段猪群的感染状况,尤其是肉猪在屠宰前的感染状况。【结果】本文,作者重新分析了源于日本猪场的一个大型猪HEV血清阳性率数据集,以此评估HEV的感染力。结果表明,北海道、本州和九州三个地区猪场中的猪HEV感染力分别为3.45×10-2/d(95%的置信区间(下同):3.17~3.75×10-2/d)、2.68×10-2/d(2.28~3.14×10-2/d)和3.11×10-2/d(2.76~3.50×10-2/d)。利用作者建立的模型得到的估测结果表明,猪感染HEV的平均日龄在59.0~67.3d之间,其基本传染数R0按4.02~5.17的数量级递增。对特定年龄猪群在不同感染力下的敏感性分析显示,HEV感染力下降将提高猪感染HEV的年龄,而且会增加180日龄时散毒猪的数量。【结论】尽管作者的研究表明95%以上的猪是在150日龄前被感染的,但该模型显示感染力下降可以增加感染猪将HEV传播给人的风险。如果感染力开始下降,就有必要采取基本的应对策略(如在哺乳期末将未感染猪与感染猪分开)以最大限度地减少肥育阶段的HEV阳性猪数量。 相似文献
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