Identification of a resistant protein from scallop shell extract and its bile acid-binding activity     

Manabu Fukuda  Kohji Takahashi  Chiharu Ohkawa  Yuya Sasaki  Yasushi Hasegawa 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):1017-1025

In this study, we showed that feeding rats the organic extract of scallop shells (scallop shell extract) caused a decrease in the weights of white adipose tissues in rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, the cholesterol concentration in the serum of rats that received a diet containing scallop shell extract was significantly lower than that in the serum of rats on the control diet. Feeding this scallop shell extract to rats increased the fecal weight as well as the fecal excretion of bile acids. The amino acid composition of the feces from rats fed the scallop shell extract was different from that of feces from rats fed the control diet, and treatment of the extract with pepsin and pancreatin identified a protein with a molecular weight of 90 kDa (90-kDa protein) as one of the indigestible proteins. Interestingly the 90-kDa protein was found to be identical to a free radical-scavenging protein we previously identified and showed the ability to bind bile acids. These results suggest that indigestible proteins (resistant proteins) in the scallop shell extract, including the 90-kDa protein, inhibit the absorption of bile acid by binding to it and cause increased excretion of fecal bile acid, which subsequently may decrease the serum cholesterol level.  相似文献   

Combination of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit and hyperintensity of intramedullary T2W on magnetic resonance imaging provides better prognostic value of canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation     

Tadahisa MASHITA  Hiroaki KAMISHINA  Yuya NAKAMOTO  Yosuke AKAGI  Ataru NAKANISHI  Yusuke HARASAKI  Tsuyoshi OZAWA  Takashi UEMURA  Yui KOBATAKE  Shunsuke SHIMAMURA  Naoki KITAMURA  Sadatoshi MAEDA  Yuji UZUKA  Gerry SHAW  Jun YASUDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):433-438

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of concurrent measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) concentration and intramedullary T2W hyperintensity in paraplegic to paraplegic dogs. Our hypothesis was that concurrent measurement of these would provide a more accurate prediction of functional outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). A prospective case-control clinical study was designed using 94 dogs with acute onset of thoracolumbar IVDH. The association of serum pNF-H concentration, T2W hyperintensity on sagittal MRI (T2H/L2), deep pain perception and surgical outcome were evaluated with logistic regression analysis after three months for all 94 surgically treated dogs. Sensitivity to predict non-ambulatory outcome was compared among pNF-H and T2H/L2 and combination of both. Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum pNF-H concentration and T2H/L2 were significantly correlated with surgical outcome (P<0.05); however, deep pain perception was not (P=0.41). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios of unsuccessful long-term outcome were 2.6 for serum pNF-H concentration, 1.9 for T2H/L2 and 2.3 for deep pain sensation. The sensitivity and specificity to predict non-ambulatory outcome for using serum parameter pNF-H>2.6 ng/ml, using T2H/L2 value of>0.84 and using both serum pNF-H and T2H/L2, were 95% and 75.7%, 65% and 86.5%, and 90.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Therefore, combined measurements of serum pNF-H and T2H/L2 might be useful for predicting long-term outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.  相似文献   

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)     

Amal K. Biswas  Manabu Seoka  Yuya Inoue  Kenji Takii  Hidemi Kumai 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):666-673

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.  相似文献   

EMG telemetry studies on upstream migration of chum salmon in the Toyohira river,Hokkaido, Japan     

Makiguchi Y  Konno Y  Konishi K  Miyoshi K  Sakashita T  Nii H  Nakao K  Ueda H 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(2):273-284

The movements of 28 adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) tagged with electromyogram (EMG) transmitters were tracked along the Toyohira river, Hokkaido, Japan, in October of 2007 and 2008 to investigate and evaluate the upstream migratory behavior through the protection bed and fishway of ground sills. The approach time of fish that ascended successfully through the protection bed and fishway was shorter than that of unsuccessful fish. The unsuccessful fish were observed to swim in currents with high water velocity and shallow water depth at swimming speeds that exceeded their critical swimming speed (U _crit) during the approach to these structures. In consequence, unsuccessful fish frequently alternated between burst and maximum sustained speeds without ever ascending the fishway, and eventually became exhausted. It is important that fishway are constructed to enable chum salmon to find a passage way easily, so that they can migrate upstream rapidly without wasting excessive energy.  相似文献   

Separation of sardine oil without heating from surimi waste and its effect on lipid metabolism in rats     

Toyoshima K  Noguchi R  Hosokawa M  Fukunaga K  Nishiyama T  Takahashi R  Miyashita K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(8):2372-2375

Sardine oil was obtained by centrifugation of surimi wastewater without heating or chemical refining. This oil (CE) showed light yellow color and the peroxide value was less than 1.0 meq/kg. The main lipid class of CE was triacylglycerol (TG) (>99%). These features indicate that CE can be directly used as food materials without further purification. Commercial sardine oil (CO) is usually prepared via some kind of refining process with high temperature (250 degrees C) and chemical treatment. The comparative study on the physiological effects of these sardine oils (CE and CO) revealed that the dietary sardine oils were more effective in reducing abdominal fat pads, plasma total cholesterol, and TG levels of rats than was a soybean oil diet (control). Furthermore, these effects were greater in CE than CO, although there was little difference in the fatty acid composition of both oils. Although the main lipid class of CE was TG (>99%), CE was prepared by centrifugation from surimi waste and directly used as dietary fat without further purification. Therefore, CE may contain some kinds of minor components, which could be attributed to the higher physiological activity of CE. To reveal the involvement of the minor compounds in CE, we prepared TG from CE by column chromatography and measured its effect on lipid metabolism of rats. TG from CE also showed the reducing effects on abdominal fad pads and plasma lipid levels. The effect of TG from CE was almost the same as that of original CE, suggesting that the higher nutritional activity of CE than CO may not be due to the minor compounds in CE.  相似文献   

Negative regulation of Wingless signaling by D-axin, a Drosophila homolog of axin     

Hamada F  Tomoyasu Y  Takatsu Y  Nakamura M  Nagai S  Suzuki A  Fujita F  Shibuya H  Toyoshima K  Ueno N  Akiyama T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5408):1739-1742

  相似文献   

Intersection of the RNA interference and X-inactivation pathways   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ogawa Y  Sun BK  Lee JT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5881):1336-1341

In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female. The noncoding Xist gene initiates silencing of the X chromosome, whereas its antisense partner Tsix blocks silencing. The complementarity of Xist and Tsix RNAs has long suggested a role for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that murine Xist and Tsix form duplexes in vivo. During XCI, the duplexes are processed to small RNAs (sRNAs), most likely on the active X (Xa) in a Dicer-dependent manner. Deleting Dicer compromises sRNA production and derepresses Xist. Furthermore, without Dicer, Xist RNA cannot accumulate and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is blocked on the inactive X (Xi). The defects are partially rescued by truncating Tsix. Thus, XCI and RNAi intersect, down-regulating Xist on Xa and spreading silencing on Xi.  相似文献   

不同土壤改良剂对大豆富集重金属的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董明芳  范稚莲  莫良玉  韦玉娅 《土壤》2016,48(4):748-753

在广西环江开展了土壤改良剂对大豆富集重金属的影响研究,结果表明:土壤改良剂(煤灰、菌渣、蚕沙)均能在大豆苗期、结荚期和成熟期有效降低大豆中重金属含量。菌渣对大豆苗期重金属抑制效果最好,蚕沙对成熟期重金属吸收的抑制效果最佳,而煤灰在结荚期抑制重金属效果优于其他的改良剂,并且对减少大豆籽粒中重金属含量作用效果最好。  相似文献   

Ozone treatment of spent medium from Auricularia polytricha cultivation for enzymatic saccharification and subsequent ethanol production     

Denny Irawati  Yuya Takashima  Chisato Ueda  J. P. Gentur Sutapa  Sri Nugroho Marsoem  Futoshi Ishiguri  Kazuya Iizuka  Nobuo Yoshizawa  Shinso Yokota 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(6):522-527

We examined the enzymatic saccharification and ethanol fermentation of the spent media (SMs) from Auricularia polytricha cultivation using wood meals of Falcataria moluccana, Shorea sp., and Tectona grandis. Although the hydrolysis weight decrease and reducing sugar yield were higher in SM of F. moluccana, the ethanol yield was higher in SM of Shorea sp. Ozone treatment of SM further increased the hydrolysis weight decrease, reducing sugar, and ethanol yields in Shorea sp. These results indicate that SM of A. polytricha is a suitable biomass material to produce fermentable sugars for ethanol production, and that ozone treatment is a suitable method for increasing the ethanol yield.  相似文献   

A dog with osteosarcoma which metastasized to the eye months before metastasis to other organs     

Yoshikawa H  Nakamoto Y  Ozawa T  Dickinson RM 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(8):825-828

A 9-year-old male Shih Tzu with osteosarcoma had a forelimb amputation and underwent chemotherapy. During chemotherapy, the right eye was enucleated due to refractory glaucoma, and was diagnosed as anterior uveal malignant melanoma. The dog lived for 4 months after the enucleation without treatment. After the dog died, the mass in the eye was re-evaluated immunohistochemically, and it was diagnosed as metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma. Metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma to the anterior chamber is quite rare, and the clinical course which showed clinically detectable metastases to the eye before systemic multi-organ metastases was quite unique.  相似文献