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1.
D. A. Little P. van der Grinten R. H. Dwinger K. Agyemang S. Kora 《Tropical animal health and production》1991,23(2):126-132
Summary The potential for increased productivity of N'Dama cattle in response to small supplementary inputs of proteinaceous by-products
has been shown to be substantial under village husbandry conditions in The Gambia. Young N'Dama bulls were used to compare
sesame cake with cottonseed as sources of supplementary protein during the wet and early dry seasons of 1987. They were fed
0, 40, 80 or 160 g crude protein/day in these forms for four months. Supplementation significantly increased growth rate from
169 g/d in controls to means of 272 and 271 g/d for those given sesame cake and cottonseed respectively; there were no significant
differences among the supplemented groups.
During the four months of the dry season immediately after supplementation ceased all previously supplemented groups grew
significantly more rapidly than the controls (at leastP<0·05), indicating a substantial carry over effect of the supplements. Over this period the mean gain of the groups previously
given sesame cake exceeded that of those that had received cottonseed (217 cf. 158 g/d;P<0·01). The economic benefits of these responses were substantial.
Comparacion de torta de sesamo y de semilla de algodon como fuente suplementaria de proteina para terneros destetos N'Dama en Gambia
Resumen Se ha demonstrado el potencial para incrementar la productividad del ganado N'Dama, como resquesta a peque?as cantidades de insumos suplementarios de proteína, bajo condiciones de villorrio en Gambia. Se utilizaron terneros destetos N'Dama par comparar la torta de sésamo y de semilla de algodón como fuente de proteína suplementaria durate la estaicón lluviosa y principio de la seca del a?o 1987. Se les dió a los animales 0, 40, 80 o 160 g de proteína cruda/día en éstas formas durante cuatro meses. La suplementación incrementó significativamente la tasa de crecimiento, de 169 g/día en controles a 272 y 271 g/día en aquellos que recibieron torta de sésamo y de algodón respectivamente; no hubo diferenca estadística entre los grupos suplementados. Durate los cuatro meses de la estación seca inmediatamente después de que la suplementación fue suspendida, todos los grupos que habían sido suplementados crecieron sgnificativamente más rápido que los controls (P<0·05), indicando un efecto compensatorio en los suplementados. Durante ese período la media de crecimento de los grupos que recibieron torta de sésamo excedió a aquella de los que habían recibido torta de algodón (217 cf. 158 g/d;P<0·01). Los beneficios económicos de estos resultados fueron substanciales.
Comparaison entre le tourteau de sesame et la graine de coton comme sources complementaires de proteines pour les taurillons N'Dama sevres en Gambie
Résumé Le potentiel de réponse à de petites quantités supplémentaires de sous-produits proteiniques pour accroitre la productivité de bétail N'Dama, s'est révélé manifeste, dans les conditions d'élevage villageois en Gambie. De jeunes taureaux N'Dama ont été utilisés pour comparer le tourteau de sésame et la graine de coton en tant que source de complémentation protéinique pendant la saison sèche et le début de la saison humide au cours de l'année 1987. Ils ont re?u respectivement 0, 40, 80 ou 160 g de proteines brutes par jour sus ces deux formes pendat quatre mois. Cette supplémentation a accru de fa?on significative le taux de croissance, de 169 g/jour pour les témoins jusqu'à des moyennes de 272 et 271g/jour respectivement pour ceux qui ont re?u du tourteau de sésame et de la graine de coton. Quant aux groupes complémentés, il n'ont révélé aucune différence significative. Pendat les quatre mois de la saison sèche et immédiatement après l'arrêt de la supplémentation, tous les lots ayant fait précédemment l'objet d'une distribution complémentaire ont eu une croissance significativement plus rapide que les animaux témoins, du moins pourP<0,05, ce qui indique un effet important de report des suppléments. Durant cette période, le gain moyen des lots qui ont re?u le tourteau de sésame a dépassé celui des lots auxquels on a donné de la graine de coton, soit 217 g/jour contre 158 g/jour pourP<0,01. Les profits économiques de ces réponses ont été appréciables.相似文献
2.
Yvonne Lokko Alfred Dixon Sam Offei Eric Danquah Martin Fregene 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1441-1453
A study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic diversity among African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions
included a breeding stock (clone 58308), five improved lines, 62 CMD resistant and 10 CMD susceptible landraces. Genetic diversity
was assessed among accessions in five cluster groups derived from UPGMA analysis on data from 18 SSR primer pairs. Average
gene diversity, He, was high in all cluster groups, with an average heterozygosity of 0.591 ± 0.061. The estimator of inbreeding
Fis revealed a low level of inbreeding within groups and averaged −0.262 ± 0.142. Gene diversity among all accessions was
51.4% and gene diversity within cluster groups was 46.6%, while 4.8% was due to diversity between the different cluster groups.
The amount of genetic differentiation measured by Gst and Fst were 9.6% and 12.1% respectively, indicating a weak genetic
structure. 相似文献
3.
Factors thought to influence monthly body weight and average daily gain of 122 first and second generation Canadian Holstein calves aged six to 24 months were studied. All factors (generation, sex, parity, season, age and year) studied accounted for 55.9 to 71.2% and 35.6 to 69.1% of the variation in body weight and average daily gain respectively. Parity, year and generation were the most important factors influencing all traits and accounted for 34.4 to 64.3% and 22.9 to 66.8% of the variation in body weight and average daily gain. Least squares means were, for body weight 144.2, 222.6, 330.5 and 377.9 kg at six, 12, 18 and 24 months and for average daily gain 0.42, 0.37, 0.50 and 0.39 kg at six to nine, nine to 12, 12 to 18 and 18 to 24 month intervals. It was concluded that offspring of Canadian Holsteins in this environment under adequate management and nutrition will be of adequate size for heifers to calve under 30 months of age and steers to reach 400 kg slaughter weight in 24 months. 相似文献
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5.
Diatta Cyril Tovignan Thierry Klanvi Akata Eyanawa Atchozou Ifie Beatrice Elohor Sarr Mame P. Bassene César Aidara Ousmane Ndione Pierre Alfred Gackou Malick Manga Anicet Georges Bruno Danquah Eric Yirenkyi Offei Samuel Kwame Cisse Ndiaga 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(2):149-160
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Increasing sorghum production per unit area in the farmer’s field by developing high yielding tannin-free and grain mold tolerant varieties in... 相似文献
6.
Ahenkora K. Adu Dapaah H.K. Agyemang A. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(3):221-229
Reports on the nutritional composition of cowpea leaves have been limited to a small number of lines and the palatability characteristics of leaves apparently have not been studied. This study was therefore undertaken on cowpea leaves to determine the nutrient composition of fifteen varieties and the sensory attributes of ten varieties grown in Ghana. Nutritional components studied were moisture, protein, phosphorus and ascorbic acid. The sensory attributes included leaf size, taste and overall acceptability. There were significant (p > 0.05) differences among varieties in all nutrient components (fresh and dry weight basis), leaf size and overall acceptability. The nutrient composition values, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 9.4 to 13.0% for moisture, 303.8 to 468.9 mg/100 g for phosphorus, 33.5 to 148.0 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid, and 27.1 to 34.7% for protein. Differences in the sensory scores of leaves for taste were not significant (p < 0.05). Overall acceptability positively correlated with leaf size. Moisture content was negatively correlated with overall acceptability, phosphorus and ascorbic acid. Results can be exploited in a breeding program to develop nutritionally superior and acceptable cowpea varieties which can be used for harvesting of both leaves and seeds. 相似文献
7.
Summary One hundred and three calving records of 35 Canadian Holstein-Friesian cattle introduced in 1974 into Ashanti constituted the data for this study. Age, year, lactation number, season and age × season effects on 305-day yield, lactation length and components of the lactation curve were estimated from 84 complete lactation records.Analysis of variance by General Linear Models Procedure showed significant effect of age and year on all traits studied. Age, year, lactation number, season, concentrate fed and season × age accounted for 61.1, 64.6, 66.9, 68.5 and 38.1% of the variation in 305-day yield, 300-day yield, monthly peak yield, persistency index and lactation length respectively. Age and year significantly affected all traits except lactation length. Lactation number only significantly affected 305-day yield of the traits studied. Season was not an important factor affecting any of the traits. The productive life span of the animals was up to five calvings (eight years). The mean life time milk production was 16,186 kg. Unadjusted means of the 103 records were: 305-day yield 3,878 ± 93.7 kg; actual 305-yield 4,451 ± 102.7 kg; total yield 4,225 ± 160.6 kg; lactation length 332 ± 14.5 days; days dry 96 ± 5.9 and total yield per day of calving interval 10.6 ± 0.33 kg. Performance of Holsteins in Ashanti was better than in most tropical areas.
Productividad Del Ganado Holstein-Friesian Canadiense En La Zona Boscosa Humeda De Gana. I. Produccion De Leche
Resumen Los datos para este estudio, salieron de 103 registros de pariciones pertenecientes a 35 Holstein-Friesian Canadienses, introducidas a Ashanti en 1974. Se estimaron la edad, año, número de lactancias, estación y edad × effectos estacionales 305 días de producción, duración de la lactancia y componentes de la curva de lactancia, con base en 84 registros completos de lactancia.El análisis de varianza, efectuado por el procedimiento de Modelos Generales Lineares, mostró efectos significativos de edad y años sobre todos los rasgos estudiados. La edad, año, número de lactancias, estación, alimento concentrado y estación × edad, influyeron en 61.1, 64.6, 66.9, 68.5 y 38.1% de la variación en 305 días de producción, 300 días de producción, pico mensual de producción, índice persistente y duración de la lactancia, respectivamente. La edad y el año afectaron significativamente todos los rasgos, excepto la duración de la lactancia. El número de lactancias solo afectó significativamente la producción de 305 días, de todos los rasgos estudiados. La estación tampoco fué factor importante para los rasgos. La vida productiva de los animales estuvo por encima de las 5 pariciones (8 años). La media de producción de leche durante la vida productiva, fué de 16.186 kg. Las medias sin ajustar de los 103 registros fueron; producción de 305 días 3.878±93.7 kg; producción actual de 305 dias 4.451±102.7 kg; producción total 4.225±160.6 kg; duración de la lactancia 332±14.5 días; días secas 96±5.9 y producción total por día de intervalo de parto 10.6±0.33 kg. La productividad de las Holstein en Ashanti, fué superior a la de la mayoría de áreas tropicales.
Performances De Bovins Canadiens Holstein-Frisons En Zone Forestiere Humide Au Ghana. I. Production Laitiere
Résumé 103 relevés de vêlage de 35 bovins canadiens Holstein-Frisons importés en 1974 à Ashanti ont fourni les données de cete étude. L'âge, l'année, le nombre de lactations, la saison, les effets conjugués de l'âge et de la saison sur une production de 305 jours, la durée de la lactation et les composantes de la courbe de lactation ont été évalués à partir de 84 relevés de lactation complète.L'analyse de variance par le modèle linéaire général a montré que l'âge et l'année avaient un effet significatif sur tous les paramètres étudiés. L'âge, l'année, le nombre de lactations, la saison, le concentré donné et l'effet saison/âge étaient responsables de 61,1; 66,9; 68,5 et 38,1 p.100 de la variation pour respectivement une production de 305 jours, une production de 300 jours, les pointes de production mensuelle, l'index de persistance et la durée de lactation. L'âge et l'année avaient un effet significatif sur toutes les performances sauf la durée de lactation. Le nombre de lactations n'avait un effet significatif que sur la production de 305 jours des traits zootechniques étudiés. La durée de vie productive des animaux allait jusqu'au cinquième vêlage (8 ans). La production laitière moyenne sur un temps de vie a été évaluée à 16 186 kg. Les moyennes non-ajustées des 103 relevés ont été les suivantes: production de 305 jours: 3878±93,7 kg; production de fait de 305 jours: 4451±102,7 kg; production totale: 4255±160,6 kg; durée de lactation: 332±14,5 jours; jours de tarrissement: 96±5,9 et production totale journalière pendant l'interval entre vêlages: 10,6±0,33 kg. Les performances des Holstein à Ashanti ont été meilleures que dans la plupart des régions tropicales.相似文献
8.
Summary Birth weights, weaning weights and average daily gains of 97 calves born to 27 Holstein-Friesians imported from Canada were used. Adjusted mean birth weight, weaning weight and daily gain were 35.6, 104.6 and 0.5 kg respectively. Of the three variables studied sex of calf significantly influenced only birth weight whereas season of birth, sire of calf, parity of dam and year of birth significantly influenced weaning weight and daily gain but not birth weight. Sex, season, sire, parity and year all together accounted for 18.35, 43.49 and 46.09% of the variation in birth weight, weaning weight and daily gain respectively. Birth weight increased by 0.29 kg/day increase in gestation length and 0.027 kg/kg increase in calving weight, whereas weaning weight increased by 1.31 kg/kg increase in birth weight. Birth weights, weaning weights and daily gains observed here are similar to previous reports from other tropical environments.
Productividad Del Ganado Canadiense Holstein-Friesian En La Zona Boscosa Humeda De Gana. II. Productividad Antes Del Destete
Resumen Se utilizaron los pesos al nacer, al destete y el promedio de ganancia diaria de 97 terneros nacidos de 27 Holstein-Friesians importadas del canada. Las medias ajustadas de peso al nacer, peso al destete y la ganancia diaria de peso fueron: 35.6, 104.6, y 0.5 kg respectivamente. De las 3 variables estudiadas, el sexo de los animales influenció significativamente los pesos al nacer; mientras que la estación del año al nacer, sire y paridad de la madre y año de nacimiento, influenciaron significativamente el peso al destete y la ganancia diaria de peso, pero nó el peso al nacer. El sexo, estación, sire, paridad de la madre y año, en conjunto, influyeron en 18.35, 43.49 y 46.09% de la variación de peso al nacer, al destete y en la ganancia de peso diaria respectivamente. Los pesos al nacer se incrementaron 0.29 kg por incrementó día en duración de la gestación y 0.027 kg por incremento de kg en peso al nacer; mientras el peso al destete se incrementó 1.31 kg por incrementó de kg en peso al nacer. Los pesos al nacer, al destete y la ganancia diaria de peso observadas aquí, son similares a aquellas publicadas en otros informes de trabajos en condiciones tropicales.
Performances De Bovins Canadiens Holstein-Frisons En Zone Forestiere Humide Au Ghana. II. Performances Avant Sevrage
Résumé Les poids de naissance, les poids au sevrage et les gains journaliers moyens de 97 veaux nés de 27 Holstein-Frisons importés du Canada ont été utilisés. Le poids de naissance moyen ajusté, le poids au sevrage et le gain de poids journalier étaient respectivement de 35,6; 104,6 et 0,5 kg. Sur les trois variables étudiées, le sexe du veau avait seulement une influence significative sur le poids de naissance tandis que la saison de mise bas, le père du veau, le range de gestation influençaient de façon significative le poids au sevrage et le gain journalier mais non le poids de naissance. Le sexe, la saison, le père, le rang de gestation et l'année réunis étaient responsables de 18,35; 43,49 et 46,09 p. 100 des variations respectives du poids au sevrage et du gain journalier. Le poids de naissance a augmenté de 0,29 kg par jour supplementaire de durée de la gestation et de 0,027 kg par kg supplémentaire du poids de mise bas tandis que le poids de sevrage a augmenté de 1,31 kg par kg supplémentaire du poids de naissance. Les poids de naissance, les poids de sevrage et les gains journaliers observés ici sont semblables aux observations faites précédemment dans d'autres milieux tropicaux.相似文献
9.
E. Owusu Danquah R. Akromah S. J. Quashie-Sam W. Oduro D. Falk N. V. Thevathasan A. M. Gordon 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(3):443-450
Jatropha curcas (L.) has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. The success of J. curcas as alternative fuel source and income generation depends on the identification of genetically divergent materials of the plant and developing superior planting stocks for farmers. This paper presents genetic diversity assessment of 40 representative accessions drawn from 90 accessions collected from ten regions of Ghana based on their seed yield performance. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis on the 40 accessions with ten primers revealed an average polymorphism of 24.99%. Genotype Genotype*Environmental biplot analysis which incorporates divergence effects due to genotype (PC1) and interactions between genotype and field parameters (PC2) was 44.7%. Hence the RAPD information indicates narrow genetic diversity among the accessions used in the study and J. curcas germplasm in Ghana. It is therefore recommended that local germplasm of J. curcas should be officially conserved and immediate efforts be made to widen the genetic base through research and introduction from other regions. 相似文献
10.
Hill Z Kirkwood B Kendall C Adjei E Arthur P Agyemang CT 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(8):827-833
OBJECTIVE: To identify regimen, individual, community and cultural factors that affect adoption and adherence to weekly vitamin A supplementation in Ghana. DESIGN: Fifty semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who would be eligible for vitamin A supplementation, 30 with husbands, and 13 with drug sellers, birth attendants and health workers. Six focus group discussions were also conducted with women. These interviews were followed by a 4-month capsule trial with 60 women. Data from a previously conducted communication channel survey of 332 women were also reviewed. SETTING: The study was conducted in Kintampo District in central Ghana. SUBJECTS: Participants for the semi-structured interviews and focus groups were selected from four villages and the district capital, and women in the capsule trial were selected at random from two villages. RESULTS: Knowledge of vitamins was low and taking 'medicines' for long periods and when healthy is a new concept. In spite of this, long-term supplementation will be accepted if motives are explained, specific questions answered and clear instructions are given. Potential barriers included the idea of 'doctor' medicines as curative, false expectations of the supplement, forgetting to take the supplement, losing the supplement, travelling, lack of motivation, perceived side-effects, concerns that the supplement is really family planning or will make delivery difficult, and concerns about taking the supplement with other 'doctor' or herbal medicine, or when pregnant or breast-feeding, or if childless. CONCLUSION: Successful supplementation programmes require appropriately designed information, education and communication strategies. Designing such strategies requires pre-programme formative research to uncover barriers and facilitators for supplementation. 相似文献