An outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) caused by Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) in Ehime, Japan     

Akiho KATAYAMA  Ayako MIYAZAKI  Naohito OKAZAKI  Teruko NAKAYAMA  Osamu MIKAMI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):931

A total of ten 1–2-year-old rabbits died within 2 weeks at a facility in Ehime prefecture in May 2019. Necropsy revealed liver discoloration and fragility, hemorrhage of some organs and blood coagulation failure. On histopathologic examination, necrotizing hepatitis was a common finding, together with fibrin thrombi in the small vessels and hemorrhage in some organs. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus gene was detected in liver samples, and viral particles of approximately 32 nm in diameter were found in the cytoplasm of degenerated hepatocytes by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial VP60 gene sequence classified it as Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/RHDV2. This is the first confirmed outbreak of RHD caused by globally emerging GI.2/RHDV2 in Japan.  相似文献   

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO     

Ashida H  Saito Y  Kojima C  Kobayashi K  Ogasawara N  Yokota A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5643):286-290

The genomes of several nonphotosynthetic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, and some Archaea include genes for proteins with sequence homology to the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). We found that such a RuBisCO-like protein (RLP) from B. subtilis catalyzed the 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase reaction in the methionine salvage pathway. A growth-defective mutant, in which the gene for this RLP had been disrupted, was rescued by the gene for RuBisCOfrom the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Thus, the photosynthetic RuBisCO from R. rubrum retains the ability to function in the methionine salvage pathway in B. subtilis.  相似文献   

Potato yield enhancement through intensification of sink and source performances     

Akira Katoh  Hiroki Ashida  Ichiro Kasajima  Shigeru Shigeoka  Akiho Yokota 《Breeding Science》2015,65(1):77-84

The combined total annual yield of six major crops (maize, rice, wheat, cassava, soybean, and potato; Solanum tuberosum L.) amounts to 3.1 billion tons. In recent years, staple crops have begun to be used as substitutes for fossil fuel and feedstocks. The diversion of crop products to fuels and industrial feedstocks has become a concern in many countries because of competition for arable lands and increased food prices. These concerns are definitely justified; however, if plant biotechnology succeeds in increasing crop yields to double the current yields, it will be possible to divert the surplus to purposes other than food without detrimental effects. Maize, rice, wheat, and soybean bear their sink organs in the aerial parts of the plant, and potato in the underground parts. Plants with aerial storage organs cannot accumulate products beyond their capacity to support the weight of these organs. In contrast, potato has heavy storage organs that are supported by the soil. In this mini-review, we introduce strategies of intensifying potato productivity and discuss recent advances in this research area.  相似文献   

DNA marker for resistance to Puccinia horiana in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) “Southern Pegasus”     

Katsuhiko Sumitomo  Kenta Shirasawa  Sachiko N. Isobe  Hideki Hirakawa  Akiho Harata  Masato Kawabe  Masafumi Yagi  Masaaki Osaka  Miyuki Kunihisa  Fumiya Taniguchi 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):261

White rust caused by Puccinia horiana Henn. adversely affects chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) production. The breeding of resistant varieties is effective in controlling the disease. Here we aimed to develop DNA markers for the strong resistance to P. horiana. We conducted a linkage analysis based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) method. We employed a biparental population for the GWAS, wherein the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency could be predicted. The population was derived from crosses between a strong resistant “Southern Pegasus” and a susceptible line. The GWAS used simplex and double-simplex SNP markers selected out of SNP candidates mined from ddRAD-Seq data of an F₁ biparental population. These F₁ individuals segregated in a 1:1 ratio of resistant to susceptible. Twenty-one simplex SNPs were significantly associated with P. horiana resistance in “Southern Pegasus” and generated one linkage group. These results show the presence of a single resistance gene in “Southern Pegasus”. We identified the nearest SNP marker located 2.2 cM from P. horiana resistance locus and demonstrated this SNP marker-resistance link using an independent population. This is the first report of an effective DNA marker linked to a gene for P. horiana resistance in chrysanthemum.  相似文献   

An abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by Peaton virus first occurred in Shikoku region,Japan     

Nobuki YOSHIZAWA  Michiko SHINOTO  Akiho KATAYAMA  Riko BEKKU  Kenichi INATANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):223

Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan.  相似文献   

Complex constitutive nature of Japanese upland rice, Oryza sativa L.     

Ryuji Ishikawa  Yuko Harata  Yasunori Tuchimine  Mineo Senda  Shinji Akada  Takeo Harada  Minoru Niizeki 《Euphytica》1997,98(3):197-203

Two rice ecotypes, the so-called lowland and upland populations, which carry different isozyme genotypes mostly at a single locus, are cultivated in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the origin and the mechanism for keeping these genetic differences. The upland population is cultivated in upland fields and carries a different allele for a particular isozyme gene, Pgd-1, which has never been found in the lowland population. RFLP markers showed a weak trend for genetic differentiation between the two ecotypes. On the other hand, morphological, and physiological traits showed marked differences between the two ecotypes. Furthermore, based on the genotypic difference, two Japonica subgroups are defined in the upland population. Subgroup I is the minor group and carries key lowland characters, including the genotype for PGD. Subgroup II carries different traits and the genotype for PGD of the alternative subgroup. As an allelic difference for Pgd-1 is known to occur between the two ecospecies, Tropical (Tr) and Temperate (Tm) Japonicas, upland cultivars can be classified by diagnostic characters which distinguish a variety into Tr or Tm type. The upland population consists of three types of cultivars, Tr-, Tm- and intermediate-type. In contrast, the lowland population consists of a uniform Tm type Japonicas. As Japanese upland cultivars still have an isozyme allele specific to the Tr type, the upland population has a rather complex constitution which is presumably now being introgressed by lowland genetic material, but still represents a major difference at some genetic levels. Upland rice carries several stress-resistant genes which would be useful for lowland rice breeding. The genetic difference would be efficient for tagging upland specific traits by upland specific genetic markers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献