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1.
Shrestha MK Peri I Smirnoff P Birk Y Golan-Goldhirsh A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5670-5675
The jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis, is a characteristic desert plant native to the Sonoran desert. The jojoba meal after oil extraction is rich in protein. The major jojoba proteins were albumins (79%) and globulins (21%), which have similar amino acid compositions and also showed a labile thrombin-inhibitory activity. SDS-PAGE showed two major proteins at 50 kDa and 25 kDa both in the albumins and in the globulins. The 25 kDa protein has trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitory activities. In vitro digestibility of the globulins and albumins resembled that of casein and soybean protein concentrates and was increased after heat treatment. The increased digestibility achieved by boiling may be attributed to inactivation of the protease inhibitors and denaturation of proteins. 相似文献
2.
Oz Barazani Azat Atayev Bakhtiyor Yakubov Vladimir Kostiukovsky Konstantin Popov Avi Golan-Goldhirsh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(4):383-389
Seedlings of Pistacia vera L. developed from seeds of two separate populations in Turkmenistan, Kepele and Agachli, were evaluated for their growth potential and genetic polymorphism. Plant growth rate as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed distinct differences between the two populations. In plant height growth rate, 17 Agachli accessions were 1.3 times higher on average than that of 10 accessions of Kepele (significant at p = 0.046) and 1.2 times higher for trunk diameter growth rate (p = 0.062). Cluster analysis divided most accessions into two main genetic groups according to their geographic origin. The Agachli group was further divided into two subgroups. One Kepele accession (K4), was genetically different from the rest and clustered on a separate outgroup. Two Agachli accessions (A12 and A17) were outside the two main populations clusters. Accessions K9 and K10 from Kepele were exceptional and were clustered in each of the two Agachli's subgroups, indicating a close genetic relationship between the two populations. In addition, high similarity values (0.58–1.00) and small genetic distances reflect plausible gene flow between Kepele and Agachli, which are 100 Km apart. Mantel test revealed significant relationship between the RAPD and the morphological traits matrices, pointing to the genetic basis for the measured differences in the growth rate. Growing the accessions on the same plot, under similar conditions enabled the evaluation of genotypic differences. The combination of morphological traits and molecular markers will further assist in preservation of genetic variability and cultivation of useful genotypes of P. vera L. 相似文献
3.
Modelling dynamics of ecosystem services basket in Mediterranean landscapes: a tool for rational management 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Natural ecosystems are life-supporting systems providing diverse ecosystem services (ESs) and benefits to human societies:
e.g., food and clean water, recreation opportunities or climate regulation. The contribution of natural and semi-natural ecosystems
to the provision of such services depends to a large extent on vegetation structure and composition, which, in turn, change
as a result of interactions between human decisions about land management, and spontaneous biological and environmental processes.
Rational management of these dynamic ecosystems requires an ability to predict short- and long-term effects of management
decisions on the desired ESs. The vegetation then contributes to, and modifies, the products and services obtained from the
land. We applied mathematical modeling to study these complex relationships. We developed a model for a Mediterranean ecosystem
which predicts the dynamics of multiple services in response to management scenarios, mediated by vegetation changes. Six
representative ESs representing different groups were selected, based on available scientific information, for a detailed
study: (1) density of geophytes, (2) potential contribution to honey production, (3) energy density of fleshy fruits foraged
by birds, (4) forage for goats, (5) forage for cattle, and (6) carbon retention in woody plants. Mean contributions to each
service by different vegetation cover types were estimated, and the overall service provided by the site was calculated as
a weighted mean of these contributions. Services were measured in their appropriate units and subsequently standardized to
a percentage of the maximum value observed in the study area. We attempted to combine all studied ESs, despite their different
nature, into one “ESs basket”. This paper presents the dynamics of simulated vegetation composition and values of services
in response to management scenarios involving grazing, fire and their combinations. Our approach can help land managers to
evaluate alternative management scenarios by presenting the “services basket” obtained from the entire managed area. 相似文献
4.
以水和水饱和石英砂为介质，研究了2种聚合物包膜肥料中钾素的释放特征。结果表明，钾素释放主要受温度影响，同时还受到颗粒大小和形态的影响；在水饱和石英砂中溶出与在水中溶出差别不大。采用水为介质，以一聚合物包膜肥料养分释放的理论模型为基础，对影响聚合物包膜肥料钾素释放的因素进行了研究，并进行了灵敏性检验。结果表明，温度越高、包膜的厚度和颗粒半径越小时钾素释放越快，且试验结果和模拟结果达到极显著的相关性；模拟结果比实际结果明显偏低，但表现出了较好灵敏性和相关性，是一个具有理论基础和应用潜力的聚合物包膜肥料养分释放模型。 相似文献
5.
聚合物包膜肥料铵态氮释放特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单一组分与复合组分的聚合物包膜肥料,利用静态水溶出的方法研究了不同温度和半径处理下,聚合物包膜肥料铵态氮释放特征。结果表明,养分释放显著受到温度、颗粒半径的影响,温度越高,半径越小,养分释放速度越快,且发现养分释放特征与肥芯的化合物组成有关,肥芯化合物组成不同造成各种离子的饱和浓度发生变化,影响了跨膜释放的动力从而影响释放。养分释放的滞后期和线性期也随温度的升高和颗粒半径的缩小而缩短,且肥芯化合物组成也通过影响离子的饱和浓度影响了养分释放的滞后期和线性期。利用养分释放活化能来反映养分释放速度变化随温度变化的敏感程度。试验结果表明,活化能与颗粒半径、肥芯化合物组成有关。通过对活化能和养分释放三阶段的描述能更全面地反映包膜肥料养分释放与作物养分需求的协调性,为包膜肥料的研制和应用提供了新的思路。 相似文献
6.
Avi Bar Massada Volker C. Radeloff Susan I. Stewart Todd J. Hawbaker 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
The rapid growth of housing in and near the wildland–urban interface (WUI) increases wildfire risk to lives and structures. To reduce fire risk, it is necessary to identify WUI housing areas that are more susceptible to wildfire. This is challenging, because wildfire patterns depend on fire behavior and spread, which in turn depend on ignition locations, weather conditions, the spatial arrangement of fuels, and topography. The goal of our study was to assess wildfire risk to a 60,000 ha WUI area in northwestern Wisconsin while accounting for all of these factors. We conducted 6000 simulations with two dynamic fire models: Fire Area Simulator (FARSITE) and Minimum Travel Time (MTT) in order to map the spatial pattern of burn probabilities. Simulations were run under normal and extreme weather conditions to assess the effect of weather on fire spread, burn probability, and risk to structures. The resulting burn probability maps were intersected with maps of structure locations and land cover types. The simulations revealed clear hotspots of wildfire activity and a large range of wildfire risk to structures in the study area. As expected, the extreme weather conditions yielded higher burn probabilities over the entire landscape, as well as to different land cover classes and individual structures. Moreover, the spatial pattern of risk was significantly different between extreme and normal weather conditions. The results highlight the fact that extreme weather conditions not only produce higher fire risk than normal weather conditions, but also change the fine-scale locations of high risk areas in the landscape, which is of great importance for fire management in WUI areas. In addition, the choice of weather data may limit the potential for comparisons of risk maps for different areas and for extrapolating risk maps to future scenarios where weather conditions are unknown. Our approach to modeling wildfire risk to structures can aid fire risk reduction management activities by identifying areas with elevated wildfire risk and those most vulnerable under extreme weather conditions. 相似文献
7.
Oz Barazani Einav Mayzlish-Gati Dikla Lifshitz Rivka Hadas Alexandra Keren-Keiserman Sivan Golan Tomer Faraj Alon Singer Andrey Beerman Avi Perevolotsky 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):1-5
The ex situ collection of the Israel Plant Gene Bank (IGB) aims to encompass the rich local flora and its genetic diversity with an emphasis on crop wild relatives. However, to properly establish a core collection, collection efforts must be prioritized and strategized. We previously classified local plant genetic resources into four priority groups that assisted in strategizing the collection activities. The following years of intensive collection activity yielded over 4200 banked accessions. However, these do not necessarily represent the distribution range of the target species for collection (TSC) and consequently, their genetic diversity. To best cover the latter, the collecting area was divided into botanical districts and the magnitude of the collection was determined according to prioritization group, e.g., a wild relative of an agricultural crop with a vast distribution range should be represented by a larger number of banked accessions than one with a smaller range. Continuous evaluation of specific needs shapes the collection scheme of the IGB to maximize collection efforts, better represent the presumed genetic diversity of TSC, and establish its core collection. 相似文献
8.
Vladislav Dubinin Tal Svoray Michael Dorman Avi Perevolotsky 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(10):1815-1830
Context
Habitats characterized by improved soil moisture availability can function as microrefugia (hereafter referred to as “refugia”) for the persistence of rare plant species in dry environments. Such areas are dominated by Mediterranean woody vegetation (shrubland and woodland). An analysis of these refugia elucidates their spatial distribution at the landscape scale.Objectives
Explore whether potential refugia, detected using the upper quantile of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), are related, in space and time, with the survivability of rare species in dry environments.Methods
We used upper NDVI quantile (25%) values to predict potential refugia in nine selected areas in northern parts of Israel from 1992 to 2011. Next, we developed an index based on the ratio of density (number of observations per area) of rare species in non-refugia versus refugia patches, per site (density of rare species index, DRSI). Finally, we examined the temporal stability of the DRSI using ANOVA and Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) tests.Results
Refugia classifications and DRSI values for all areas were stable over time (1992–2011). The DRSI values were significantly lower than 1; that is, the density of rare species in the predicted refugia areas was higher than in non-refugia areas.Conclusions
We assumed that patches of dense woody vegetation, determined by the upper 25% quantile of the NDVI, could be used to identify potential biodiversity refugia in dry environments. This assumption was validated by the DRSI results; it confirms that the local conditions in refugia support rare species.9.
采用不同养分组成(单一组分和复合组分)聚合物包膜肥料(Multicote)和水中静态溶出的方法,研究了不同温度和半径处理下聚合物包膜肥料NO3-N释放特征.结果表明,温度升高显著促进NO3-N的释放;肥料颗粒半径差异显著影响NO3-N释放,小半径的肥料颗粒NO3-N释放明显比大半径颗粒快,且小半径肥料颗粒NO3-N释放的活化能较低;肥料颗粒内离子间存在明显的交互作用,与单一组分聚合物包膜肥料相比,复合组分聚合物包膜肥料NO3-N释放的线性期明显缩短,NO3-N释放速率增加,且NO3-N释放的活化能明显增大.聚合物包膜肥料中NO3-N的释放特征直接与聚合物膜的扩散系数、扩散面积、膜厚度以及伴随离子的种类和浓度相关.养分释放时期以及活化能的定量化表征为全面评估聚合物包膜肥料养分释放特征提供了参考. 相似文献
10.