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MAXIM MOREAU MSc ÉRIC TRONCY DV PhD SYLVAIN BICHOT MSc BERTRAND LUSSIER DMV MSc Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):43-47
Objective— Force platform gait analysis is a recognized clinical evaluation tool that captures and documents the in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis (OA). In a clinical trial designed to evaluate the impact of 2 specific diets, an increase in body weight (BW) was observed in lame client-owned dogs. Covariance analysis was used to evaluate the interference of BW changes toward the evolution of peak vertical force (PVF) values. These secondary findings are reported in this study.
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Lame dogs (n=26).
Methods— Dogs with radiographic evidence of OA and low PVF values were fed with 2 specific diets for 30 and 60 days. PVF and BW were recorded at baseline, day 30 (D30), and D90.
Results— Mean (±SD) PVF values (%BW) did not differ significantly over time (D0: 63.9±17.2; D30: 65.5±17.4; and D90: 66.5±20.1). In contrast, BW (kg) was significantly higher at D90 (41.3±7.9) when compared with D30 (39.9±8.4) and D0 (40.0±8.7). Upon covariance analyses, BW changes interfere significantly with PVF values already normalized in %BW ( P =.013). Values of PVF adjusted using BW as a covariate were then 63.4±17.1 (D0), 65.0±17.3 (D30), and 67.6±20.5 (D90), whereas D90 was significantly higher than D0.
Conclusion— These findings highlighted the interference of changes in BW toward locomotor function of OA dogs when using PVF values normalized in %BW. Exacerbation of lameness when a gain in BW occurred was also sustained, raising a possible bias in clinical study outcomes.
Clinical Relevance— A BW increase in dogs with OA could exacerbate a preexisting lameness and induce a bias in clinical trials. 相似文献
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Lame dogs (n=26).
Methods— Dogs with radiographic evidence of OA and low PVF values were fed with 2 specific diets for 30 and 60 days. PVF and BW were recorded at baseline, day 30 (D30), and D90.
Results— Mean (±SD) PVF values (%BW) did not differ significantly over time (D0: 63.9±17.2; D30: 65.5±17.4; and D90: 66.5±20.1). In contrast, BW (kg) was significantly higher at D90 (41.3±7.9) when compared with D30 (39.9±8.4) and D0 (40.0±8.7). Upon covariance analyses, BW changes interfere significantly with PVF values already normalized in %BW ( P =.013). Values of PVF adjusted using BW as a covariate were then 63.4±17.1 (D0), 65.0±17.3 (D30), and 67.6±20.5 (D90), whereas D90 was significantly higher than D0.
Conclusion— These findings highlighted the interference of changes in BW toward locomotor function of OA dogs when using PVF values normalized in %BW. Exacerbation of lameness when a gain in BW occurred was also sustained, raising a possible bias in clinical study outcomes.
Clinical Relevance— A BW increase in dogs with OA could exacerbate a preexisting lameness and induce a bias in clinical trials. 相似文献
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MARK S. HENRY BERTRAND SCHMITT KNUD KRISTENSEN DAVID L. BARKLEY SHUMING BAO 《Growth and change》1999,30(4):526-548
ABSTRACT A modification of the Boamet model of local economic change is developed that links the growth of urban nodes in functional economic regions to employment and population change in the rural hinterlands of these regions. The two-equation model uses labor market and residential zone observations that are consistent with commuter fields around each rural community in the regions studied. The model parameters are estimated for 204 Danish rural municipalities, for 3515 rural communes in six regions of Eastern France, and for 268 rural census tracts in South Carolina. Results indicate that urban nodal spread effects are often significant and tend to dominate urban backwash impacts on rural communities. Accordingly, rural communities need to be concerned with the economic fortunes of their urban nodes and with policies that affect the pattern of urban growth between urban center and the urban fringe. 相似文献
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T. WAHLI R. FRISCHKNECHT M. SCHMITT J. GABAUDAN V. VERLHAC W. MEIER 《Journal of fish diseases》1995,18(4):347-355
Abstract. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of high and low doses of different vitamin C formulations on the course of ichthyophthiriosis ( Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection) in rainbow trout. After a depletion period, trout fingerlings were fed diets deficient in vitamin C(AA 0), or containing different levels of silicone coated ascorbic acid (AA; 50/200 mg kg feed−1 ) or ascorbyl phosphate (AP; 50/2000 mg AA equivalent kg feed−1 ). Fish infected with I. multifiliis demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality when fed high levels of AA or AP. A correlation between the parasite burden and the vitamin C content in the diet was not found. Specific immunity—measured as immobilization litre of sera—was not influenced by the level or the formulation of vitamin C in the diet. The most probable mechanism of high level doses of vitamin C is an increase of the general health status expressed as an improved nonspecific resistance and ability to cope with different stressors. In rainbow trout infected with I. multifiliis , the beneficial effect of ascorbyl phosphate is equal to that of silicone coated ascorbic acid, and therefore, the more stable AP may be a valuable alternative for use in fish diets. 相似文献
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Results of Screw/Wire/Polymethylmethacrylate Composite Fixation for Acetabular Fracture Repair in 14 Dogs 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
DANIEL D. LEWIS DVM Dipiomate ACVS W. PRESTON STUBBS DVM LISA NEUWIRTH DVM MS Dipiomate ACVR SCOTT G. BERTRAND DVM ROBERT B. PARKER DVM Dipiomate ACVS JEFFREY T. STALLINGS DVM SCOTT T. MURPHY DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(3):223-234
Objective- To assess the clinical results in dogs with acetabular fractures stabilized using a screw-wire-polymethylmethacrylate (SWP) composite fixation.
Study Design- A retrospective study of client-owned dogs with acetabular fractures.
Animals- Fourteen dogs ranging in age from 4 to 95 months (mean, 34 ±25 months; median, 25 months) and body weight from 8 to 39 kg (mean, 25 ±6 kg; median, 27 kg).
Methods- Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively evaluated to determine location of the fracture, presence of preexisting degenerative joint disease, accuracy of fracture reduction and complications associated with surgery. Long-term results were evaluated by subjective assessment of lameness, elicitation of pain and/or crepitus on manipulation of the coxofemoral joint, measurements of pelvic limb circumference, coxofemoral joint goniometric measurements, and radiographic evaluation.
Results- Fracture reduction was considered anatomic in 13 dogs. At the time of the last follow-up evaluation (mean, 347 ±261 days; median, 380 days) 10 dogs were sound on the affected limb, three dogs had a subtle weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb, and the remaining dog had a consistent non-weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb. Mild (n = 10) or moderate (n = 1) degenerative changes of the affected coxofemoral joint attributed to the acetabular fracture and its repair were noted on the follow-up radiographs in 11 dogs. Limb circumference of the affected limb ranged from -8.2% to +10.8% (mean, -0.8 ±4.2%; median, -0.7%) of the contralateral limb.
Conclusions- The SWP composite fixation consistently maintained anatomic reduction, was associated with few complications, and yielded satisfactory clinical results.
Clinical Relevance- The SWP composite fixation technique would seem to be an acceptable means of stabilizing acetabular fractures in dogs. 相似文献
Study Design- A retrospective study of client-owned dogs with acetabular fractures.
Animals- Fourteen dogs ranging in age from 4 to 95 months (mean, 34 ±25 months; median, 25 months) and body weight from 8 to 39 kg (mean, 25 ±6 kg; median, 27 kg).
Methods- Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively evaluated to determine location of the fracture, presence of preexisting degenerative joint disease, accuracy of fracture reduction and complications associated with surgery. Long-term results were evaluated by subjective assessment of lameness, elicitation of pain and/or crepitus on manipulation of the coxofemoral joint, measurements of pelvic limb circumference, coxofemoral joint goniometric measurements, and radiographic evaluation.
Results- Fracture reduction was considered anatomic in 13 dogs. At the time of the last follow-up evaluation (mean, 347 ±261 days; median, 380 days) 10 dogs were sound on the affected limb, three dogs had a subtle weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb, and the remaining dog had a consistent non-weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb. Mild (n = 10) or moderate (n = 1) degenerative changes of the affected coxofemoral joint attributed to the acetabular fracture and its repair were noted on the follow-up radiographs in 11 dogs. Limb circumference of the affected limb ranged from -8.2% to +10.8% (mean, -0.8 ±4.2%; median, -0.7%) of the contralateral limb.
Conclusions- The SWP composite fixation consistently maintained anatomic reduction, was associated with few complications, and yielded satisfactory clinical results.
Clinical Relevance- The SWP composite fixation technique would seem to be an acceptable means of stabilizing acetabular fractures in dogs. 相似文献
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BERTRAND LUSSIER DMV MSc JAMES A. FLANDERS DVM Diplomate ACVS HOLLIS N. ERB DVM PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(2):121-126
Five modifications of a cricoarytenoid lateralization and two modifications of a thyroarytenoid lateralization laryngoplasty technique were evaluated for their effect on rima glottidis area. All procedures and evaluations were performed on canine cadaver larynges. Cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL) techniques provided a greater increase of the size of the glottic opening than did any of the thyroarytenoid lateralization techniques. Cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid disarticulation associated with CAL did not significantly increase glottic size compared with normal. After disarticulation of the cricoarytenoid joint, there was no difference in glottic enlargement whether the suture was placed through the muscular process or through the articular facet of the arytenoid cartilage. Transection of the sesamoid band combined with cricoarytenoid diarticulation distorted the dorsal margin of the rima glottidis. 相似文献
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Interaction properties of tropocollagen are markedly altered by treatment with pepsin. This treatment liberates terminal or near-terminal covalently bonded peptides whose amino acid composition is strikingly different from the composition of the pepsin-resistant triple-helix body of the macromolecule. Pepsin also converts most of the beta-chains to alpha-chains. This fact indicates that the interchain link is also external to the body of the macromolecule and probably involves peptides. The role of these properties in bioregulative mechanisms is briefly discussed. 相似文献
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MARIANO GUTIÉRREZ GORDON SWARTZMAN ARNAUD BERTRAND SOPHIE BERTRAND 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(2):155-168
Three indexes of spatial aggregation are developed and used to examine the aggregation pattern of sardine (Sardinops sagax) and anchovy (Engraulis ringens) in the Peruvian Humboldt Current System, determined from 36 acoustic surveys conducted from 1983 through 2003 by the Peruvian Marine Institute (IMARPE). Each index assesses a different aspect of aggregation: the concentration, the percent occupancy of space and the clustering of high‐fish abundance. Both time‐series correlation and tree‐based clustering‐regression method, classification and regression trees (CART), were used to relate each of the indexes to environmental variables (season, temperature anomaly and year). Additionally, a measure of onshore–offshore distribution, the average distance from the coast, and abundance variables (the average acoustic backscatter per occupied sampling unit, and the acoustically estimated total abundance of sardine and anchovy from IMARPE) were related to environmental factors by using CART. We show that the 1983–2003 time series can be divided into three different periods: with shifts in 1992 and in 1997–98. Sardine and anchovy showed large differences in both abundance and aggregation among these periods. Although upwelling ecosystems support dramatic and sudden changes in environmental conditions, fish responses are sometimes smoother than usually suggested and there are transition periods with concomitant high biomasses of anchovy and sardine, but with different spatial aggregation patterns. Observed relationships between environmental proxies and aggregation patterns support the habitat‐based hypothesis that environmentally mediated alterations in range lead to population changes. 相似文献
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Disease severity and yield of pure-line wheat cultivars and mixtures in the presence of eyespot, yellow rust, and their combination 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Five winter wheat cultivars, six two-component cultivar mixtures, and one four-way mixture were grown in the presence of yellow rust, eyespot, both diseases, and neither disease for three seasons. On average, mixtures reduced the severity of yellow rust relative to their component pure stands by 53%. The four-component mixture provided better yellow rust control than did the two-way mixtures. Eyespot severity was reduced through mixing only in the absence of yellow rust and by only three of the seven mixtures (mean reduction = 13%). Yellow rust was 13% less severe in the presence of eyespot, and eyespot was 10% more severe in the presence of yellow rust. Averaged over all years, the mixtures increased yield relative to the pure stands by 6·2, 1·7, 7·1, and 1·3% in the presence of yellow rust, eyespot, both diseases, and neither disease, respectively. Two mixtures provided significant yield increases over the means of their component pure stands (7% and 9%) in the presence of eyespot even though one of them did not significantly reduce eyespot severity. Accounting for all disease treatments and years, four mixtures provided distinctly higher yield increases than the other three. In mixtures containing a resistant cultivar and a cultivar susceptible to eyespot, yield loss by the susceptible cultivar was not compensated for by increased yield of the resistant cultivar. The mixtures showed improved yield stability relative to the pure stands, with the four-component mixture being particularly stable. 相似文献
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MATTHIEU GATINEAU DMV LOUIS HUNEAULT DMV MSc Diplomate ACVS BERTRAND LUSSIER DMV MSc Diplomate ACVS JOSIANE LEFEVRE-LAVOIE MSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):48-53
Objective— To compare the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP) and ethylene oxide (EO) sterilizations on the mechanical properties of nylon lines used for stabilization of the canine stifle. Secondarily, to compare the performance of crimped and knotted lines.
Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation.
Sample Population— Nonsterilized, EO- and HPGP-sterilized specimens of 36.3 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and 57.8 kg test nylon fishing line (NFL).
Methods— Single strands and looped specimens of NLL or NFL were positioned on a material testing machine. To create looped specimens, NLL were crimped using the Securos system, and NFL were knotted, as used clinically. Elongation (%) and ultimate load (N) variables were studied.
Results— Elongation and ultimate load of NLL groups were not significantly different between EO and HPGP. For NFL, HPGP sterilization led to slightly greater elongation than EO in loops only. Ultimate load of NFL single strands was not significantly different between EO and HPGP, but was higher after HPGP compared with EO in NFL loops. All NLL groups had less elongation and ultimate load than NFL.
Conclusion— The effects of HPGP on NLL compared positively to EO, making HPGP an attractive alternative. As HPGP led to a slightly greater elongation of NFL than EO, the latter could be favored to sterilize NFL. Crimped NLL minimized elongation better than knotted NFL.
Clinical Relevance— Sterilization with HPGP seems a good alternative to EO for NLL. EO may be a better choice for NFL; however, it is difficult to judge the clinical relevance of this result. Crimped NLL minimizes elongation and may help reducing the recurrence of stifle instability postoperatively. 相似文献
Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation.
Sample Population— Nonsterilized, EO- and HPGP-sterilized specimens of 36.3 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and 57.8 kg test nylon fishing line (NFL).
Methods— Single strands and looped specimens of NLL or NFL were positioned on a material testing machine. To create looped specimens, NLL were crimped using the Securos system, and NFL were knotted, as used clinically. Elongation (%) and ultimate load (N) variables were studied.
Results— Elongation and ultimate load of NLL groups were not significantly different between EO and HPGP. For NFL, HPGP sterilization led to slightly greater elongation than EO in loops only. Ultimate load of NFL single strands was not significantly different between EO and HPGP, but was higher after HPGP compared with EO in NFL loops. All NLL groups had less elongation and ultimate load than NFL.
Conclusion— The effects of HPGP on NLL compared positively to EO, making HPGP an attractive alternative. As HPGP led to a slightly greater elongation of NFL than EO, the latter could be favored to sterilize NFL. Crimped NLL minimized elongation better than knotted NFL.
Clinical Relevance— Sterilization with HPGP seems a good alternative to EO for NLL. EO may be a better choice for NFL; however, it is difficult to judge the clinical relevance of this result. Crimped NLL minimizes elongation and may help reducing the recurrence of stifle instability postoperatively. 相似文献
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