Biocontrol efficacy of Colletotrichum truncatum for hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) is enhanced with unrefined corn oil and surfactant     

C. DOUGLAS BOYETTE  ROBERT E. HOAGLAND  MARK A. WEAVER 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(1):70-76

In greenhouse and field experiments, an oil-in-water emulsion of unrefined corn oil and Silwet L-77 increased the biological weed control efficacy of Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus et Moore for control of the weed, hemp sesbania ( Sesbania exaltata [Raf.] Rydb. ex A.W. Hill). The surfactant – corn oil emulsion stimulated germination and appressoria formation in vivo and in vitro and delayed the need for dew. We hypothesize that the corn oil protected the conidia from desiccation during the dew-free period and the surfactant stimulated spore germination and appressoria formation. In field experiments conducted over 3 years, a single application of a 50% (v/v) unrefined corn oil tank mixture containing 0.2% (v/v) Silwet L-77 surfactant controlled hemp sesbania in soybeans an average of 95%. Aqueous fungal suspensions or adjuvants alone did not visually affect or control hemp sesbania. The soybean yields were significantly higher in the plots where weeds were effectively controlled. These results suggest that formulating C. truncatum in unrefined corn oil and surfactant greatly increases its infectivity and the biocontrol potential of this pathogen.  相似文献   

A Case Study of Urban Redevelopment through Federal Funding     

DOUGLAS MONTGOMERY 《Growth and change》1974,5(1):41-46

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Characterization of the digestive tract of wild ayu     

HEISUKE  NAKAGAWA  TETSUYA  UMINO  TAKASHI  SEKIMOTO  IRFAN  AMBAS  W LINN  MONTGOMERY  TAKETO  NAKANO 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(2):341-346

ABSTRACT: The gut and gut contents of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis caught in the Ohta River in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan were examined. Relative intestine length (intestine length/body length) was almost constant. Except for relative intestine length, characteristics of the gut of wild ayu were not significantly different from those of cultured ayu. The height of intestinal folds increased and their width declined from stomach to anus. Cyanobacteria ( Homoeathrix sp. and Calothrix sp.) and diatoms ( Cymbella sp., Gomphonema sp., Melosira sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp.) were well digested during passage through the gut despite a lack of apparent destruction. In contrast, green algae ( Dictyosphearium sp., Coelastrum sp., and Pediastrum sp.) exhibited little degradation. The pH of stomach contents ranged from 2.8 to 7.4 (mean ± SD = 4.1 ± 1.0), whereas that of the posterior intestine was 7.0–8.5 (7.9 ± 0.4). Gut contents of wild ayu increased with bodyweight, and were more than threefold greater than those of cultured ayu, suggesting that wild ayu compensate for low nutrient content of algae through the continuous ingestion of large quantities of feed organisms.  相似文献   

Book review     

DOUGLAS H. CONSTANCE 《Agriculture and Human Values》2005,22(2):259-260

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Ascites induced in mice by Staphylococcus     

LIEBERMAN R  DOUGLAS JO  HUMPHREY W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1959,129(3351):775

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Soil structural quality, compaction and land management   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. C. BALL  D. J. CAMPBELL  J. T. DOUGLAS  J. K. HENSHALL  M. F. O'SULLIVAN 《European Journal of Soil Science》1997,48(4):593-601

Soil compaction is a concern worldwide, particularly where compactible soils are used for intensive agriculture in a wet climate. We have investigated the impact of compaction and the associated changes in soil structural qualities on crop production and environmental pollution. The overall objective was to develop soil management systems that provide suitable conditions for crop growth and minimize environmental damage. We ran large-scale field experiments studying the preservation of structural quality in arable and permanent grassland, using management systems such as the control or elimination of field traffic and the application of conservation tillage and zero tillage. We measured bulk density, shear strength, cone resistance, macroporosity, relative diffusivity, air permeability and water infiltrability to identify soil qualities that could be used for selecting suitable soil management. Along with crop yield, we measured environmental impacts, such as the emissions of nitrous oxide from the soil, which require the interaction of soil structure and water content near the soil surface. Soil structure influenced wetness, which affected trafficability, compaction and nitrogen retention. Measurement of properties that affect fluid storage and transport, such as macroporosity, provided soil quality indices that helped in recommending suitable soil management systems. Spatial variation of structure associated with wheel-track locations could be estimated rapidly using a cone penetrometer. Variation was particularly important in determining crop yield consistency. Crop productivity and soil structural qualities were preserved best when field traffic was eliminated. A reduced ground-pressure system successfully minimized compaction in grassland but was less effective in an arable rotation. Unless traffic is eliminated, good timing of operations is the most effective way to preserve soil structural quality.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Belt-Loop Gastropexy in Dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ERIC R. WILSON DVM    RALPH A. HENDERSON DVM  MS    RONALD D. MONTGOMERY DVM  MS    STEVEN A. KINCAID DVM  PhD    JAMES C. WRIGHT DVM  PhD  R. REID HANSON DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(3):221-227

A simplified technique for laparoscopic gastropexy (group 1) was compared to belt-loop gastropexy (group 2) in eight adult male dogs randomly divided into two groups of four dogs each. Our hypothesis was that a satisfactory laparoscopic gastropexy would approximate the strength and operative time required for belt-loop gastropexy. Operative time, surgical complications, postoperative morbidity, gross and histological appearance, radiographic microvascularization, and maximal tensile strength were measured and compared between the two groups. All dogs recovered from surgery. No morbidity was associated with either procedure. The mean (±SD) duration of surgery was 69.75 ± 7.23 minutes for group 1 and 58.75 ± 7.63 minutes for group 2. Fifty days after surgery, the microvascular appearance of the gastropexy site was similar for both groups. Blood vessels were observed within each seromuscular flap but vascular ingrowth to the abdominal musculature was observed in only two dogs, one from each group. The maximum tensile strength at 50 days was 76.55 ± 22.78 for group 1 and 109.21 ± 22.29 N for group 2. Differences between surgical duration and maximum tensile strength were not statistically significant ( P >.05). Histologically, all gastropexies consisted of an adhesion composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. The results of this study indicate that laparoscopic gastropexy provides a minimally invasive alternative to open abdominal prophylactic gastropexy in dogs.  相似文献   

A Procedure for Permanent Tracheostomy and Its Effects on Tracheal Mucosa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHERYL S. HEDLUND D.V.M.  M.S.  C. H. TANGNER D.V.M.  DONALD L. MONTGOMERY D.V.M.  M.S.  † H. P. HOBSON D.V.M.  M.S.  ‡ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1982,11(1):13-17

Permanent tracheostomies were performed on six dogs which were evaluated clinically and histologically. One dog had abnormal tracheal cartilages and died following tracheal collapse three days postoperatively. Problems with coughing, swallowing, and infection were not noted in the remaining five dogs. The exposed tracheal epithelium temporarily underwent squamous metaplasia but returned to a relatively normal appearance within 16 weeks.  相似文献   

Elaeophor schneideri Wehr and Dikmans 1935 (Nematoda,Filarioidea) in California sheep     

DOUGLAS JR  CORDY DR  SPURLOCK GM 《The Cornell veterinarian》1954,44(2):252-258

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The effect of divided dosage on the anthelmintic efficiency of phenothiazine in lambs     

DOUGLAS JR  BAKER NF  LONGHURST WM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1957,131(8):369-371

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