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Venkatathalam Dinakaran Vinod Kumar Dumka Bibhuti Ranjan Ramalingam Balaje Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1509-1512
Disposition following single intravenous injection (2 mg/kg) and pharmacodynamics of cefquinome were investigated in buffalo calves 6–8 months of age. Drug levels in plasma were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration–time profile following intravenous administration was best described by a two-compartment open model. Rapid distribution of cefquinome was evident from the short distribution half-life (t ½α ?=?0.36?±?0.01 h), and small apparent volume of distribution (Vdarea?=?0.31?±?0.008 L/kg) indicated limited drug distribution in buffalo calves. The values of area under plasma concentration–time curve, elimination half-life (t ½β ), total body clearance (ClB), and mean residence time were 32.9?±?0.56 μg·h/mL, 3.56?±?0.05 h, 60.9?±?1.09 mL/h/kg, and 4.24?±?0.09 h, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of cefquinome were 0.035–0.07 and 0.05–0.09 μg/mL, respectively. A single intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg may be effective to maintain the MIC up to 12 h in buffalo calves against the pathogens for which cefquinome is indicated. 相似文献
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Laguduva Devajee Devasree Chandrasekaran Binuramesh R. Dinakaran Michael 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(10):1581-1590
Use of immunostimulants as a prophylactic measure against diseases in fish is considered as an effective alternative to antibiotic use. Plant‐derived immunostimulants have recently received more attention, as most of them are cost‐effective and eco‐friendly. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the possible immunostimulatory activity of intraperitoneally injected water soluble fraction of Nyctanthes arbortristis (an Indian medicinal plant) leaves on (i) specific immunity (antibody response), (ii) nonspecific immunity (Lysozyme activity, ROS production) and (iii) functional immunity in terms of disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis mossambicus. The results of the study showed that all the tested doses (i.e. 3.2, 16, 80 and 400 mg kg?1) of water soluble fraction of Nyctanthes arbortristis leaves significantly enhanced both primary and secondary antibody responses to heat killed A. hydrophila. Significant enhancement in serum lysozyme activity by all the doses of water soluble fraction was observed on day 10. The lower doses of 3.2 and 16 mg kg?1 of water soluble fraction alone enhanced intracellular ROS production. Fish treated with both single and double dose of water soluble fraction showed maximum disease resistance. The highest dose (400 mg kg?1) of water soluble fraction exhibited highest relative per cent survival in both single dose and double dose groups. 相似文献
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Sreedharan Sreeshitha Gouri Dinakaran Venkatachalam Vinod Kumar Dumka 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1099-1102
Lincomycin 10 mg kg?1, IV in buffalo calves followed two-compartment open model with high distribution rate constant α (11.2?±?0.42 h?1) and K 12/K 21 ratio (4.40?±?0.10). Distribution half-life was 0.06?±?0.01 h and AUC was 41.6?±?1.73 μg mL?1 h. Large Vdarea (1.15?±?0.03 L kg?1) indicated good distribution of lincomycin in various body fluids and tissues. Peak plasma level of lincomycin (71.8?±?1.83 μg mL?1) was observed at 1 min as expected by IV route. The elimination half-life and MRT of lincomycin were short (3.30?±?0.08 and 4.32?±?0.11 h, respectively). Lincomycin 10 mg kg?1 IV at 12-h interval would be sufficient to maintain T?>?MIC above 60 % for bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ≤1.6 μg mL?1. Favourable pharmacokinetic profile in buffalo calves and a convenient dosing interval suggest that lincomycin may be an appropriate antibacterial in buffalo species for gram-positive and anaerobic bacterial pathogens susceptible to lincomycin. 相似文献
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Assessment of mungbean genotypes for durable resistance to Yellow Mosaic Disease: Genotype × Environment interactions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ashok K. Parihar Ashwani K. Basandrai Asmita Sirari Dakshinamurthy Dinakaran Deepak Singh Kamala Kannan Kailash P. S. Kushawaha Maddineni Adinarayan Mohammad Akram Tnpalayam Krshnaswamy S. Latha Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan Sanjeev Gupta 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(1):94-100
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is the major constraint of mungbean for realizing high productivity worldwide. Moreover, management of disease using YMD‐resistant genotypes is the simplest approach. Therefore, based on a preliminary screening of 220 genotypes during the year 2010 and 2011 at 17 locations, a set of 25 genotypes was further selected to evaluate at six locations over 2 years for identification of more stable resistant genotypes. The genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) analysis indicated that the genotypes and environment effects were significant (P < 0.001) for YMD incidence. Interestingly, the GGE biplot analysis successfully accounted for 74.71 per cent of the total variation with three genotypes (ML 818, ML 1349 and IPM 02‐14) showing high degree of resistance and stability over the locations. Notably, a strong positive association was observed between disease reaction and temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. As crop is grown in diverse growing environments, aforementioned genotypes can be used as stable/durable sources for future breeding programme to develop YMD‐resistant cultivars. 相似文献
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J. Dinakaran Ankita Bidalia Amit Kumar Mohammad Hanief Archana Meena K.S. Rao 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(12):1503-1516
The present study aims to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to determine the carbon and nitrogen content in soils and also to assess the effectiveness of NIR spectroscopy to predict carbon and nitrogen content in freshly collected soil samples. Soil samples (n = 179) were collected from different locations in India. Soil carbon and nitrogen contents were successfully predicted (R2 = 0.90 for carbon and R2 = 0.85 for nitrogen) by NIR spectroscopy. The root mean square error (RMSE) and ratio performance deviation (RPD) for the validation of predicted equations for carbon and nitrogen were 0.83 and 2.83 and 0.01 and 6.98, respectively. The efficacy of NIR spectroscopy on the prediction of carbon and nitrogen content in Indian soils is highly reliable. Water content in soil samples could affect the NIR absorbance spectra and in turn affect the quantification of carbon and nitrogen. 相似文献
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Immunostimulatory effects of N‐Oxide–Quaternary alkaloid fraction of a marine Chlorophycean macroalga in the striped murrel,Channa striata (Bloch) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 N‐Oxide–Quaternary Alkaloid Fraction (NOQAF) of a Chlorophycean macroalga, Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R.Br.) C. Ag f. denticulata (Deaisne) Weber van Bosse (Patent filed) was intraperitoneally administered at different doses (0, 2, 20 or 200 mg kg?1 body weight) in different groups of Channa striata to assess its effect on the non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance against live virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. A reference positive control [MacroGard (Biotec Pharmacon ASA, Norway) 20 mg kg?1 body weight] was simultaneously maintained to compare its efficacy. The fraction (NOQAF) has been found to enhance the serum lysozyme, peroxidase, antiprotease and alternate complement activities and the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and peroxidase activity by the peripheral blood leucocytes than the control group during the study period. On experimental challenge with live virulent A. hydrophila, maximum RPS values of 88.8 and 87.4 were noted in the groups treated with single dose of 20 mg kg?1 and double dose of 2 mg kg?1 of NOQAF respectively. In conclusion, the intraperitoneal administration of the N‐Oxide–Quaternary Alkaloid Fraction (NOQAF) of C. scalpelliformis has been found to significantly enhance the non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in Channa striata. 相似文献
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C John Wesly Kirubakaran Catherine P Alexander R Dinakaran Michael 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(11):1630-1639
The immunomodulatory effect of the seed extract of an Indian medicinal plant Nyctanthes arbortristis L. (NAT) on non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated. Chloroform extract was administered orally as a feed supplement at doses of 0.01%, 0.1% or 1% for 3 weeks. Non‐specific immune parameters such as serum lysozyme and alternate complement haemolytic (ACH50) activities, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) and myeloperoxidase production and disease resistance against live virulent Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated after 1, 2 or 3 weeks of feeding with chloroform extract‐supplemented diet. The results of this study indicated that feeding tilapia for 2 weeks with selected doses of chloroform extract of NAT seeds significantly enhanced serum lysozyme, alternate complement activities and cellular ROS, RNI and MPO production. It was evident from the disease resistance test that feed supplemented with NAT seed extract at 0.1% or 1% level significantly reduced the mortality of O. mossambicus and a 3‐week feeding with 0.1% extract‐supplemented diet appears to be the optimal regimen for maximal disease resistance. Thus, the study indicates the scope of using the NAT extract as an immunoprophylactic in finfish aquaculture. 相似文献
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通过破坏性抽样、相片网格法和落叶采受器法,获得了印度Shoolpaneshwar野生动物禁猎区内生长的柚木和印度实竹叶面积指数。建立了一个异速生长方程来决定两个树种的叶面积指数。结果表明,异速生长方程获得的叶面积指数与破坏性抽样、相片网格法和落叶采受器法评估得到的指数值相近;2种测定方式下,柚木的均方根误差分别是0.90和1.15,印度实竹的均方根误差分别为0.38和0.46。估计的和计算获得的叶面积指数值匹配性较好,说明用建立的方程计算得到的2个树种叶面积指数的准确性较好。总之,冠幅伸展是一个估计树木叶面积较好的且敏感的参数。本文所提出的方程可以用作估计热带柚木和印度实竹叶面积指数。图4表1参22。 相似文献