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Chang CI Chelliah Y Borek D Mengin-Lecreulx D Deisenhofer J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5768):1761-1764
Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a naturally occurring fragment of Gram-negative peptidoglycan, is a potent elicitor of innate immune responses in Drosophila. It induces the heterodimerization of its recognition receptors, the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) LCa and LCx, which activates the immune deficiency pathway. The crystal structure at 2.1 angstrom resolution of TCT in complex with the ectodomains of PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCx shows that TCT is bound to and presented by the LCx ectodomain for recognition by the LCa ectodomain; the latter lacks a canonical peptidoglycan-docking groove conserved in other PGRPs. The interface, revealed in atomic detail, between TCT and the receptor complex highlights the importance of the anhydro-containing disaccharide in bridging the two ectodomains together and the critical role of diaminopimelic acid as the specificity determinant for PGRP interaction. 相似文献
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Emília Ondrušková Zuzana Hečková-Jánošíková Slavomír Adamčík Miriam Kádasi Horáková Dominika Rakúsová-Sládková Katarína Adamčíková 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(7):650-656
Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) has been observed in Slovakia during the last two decades. Up until 2017, Dothistroma septosporum has only been detected and molecularly confirmed to cause DNB in Slovakia. Here, we report the detection of Dothistroma pini at six localities around Slovakia, representing different plantation types. Four pine species (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. jeffreyi) were confirmed as hosts of D. pini in Slovakia, of which only P. mugo has been previously reported as host in Slovakia. Three gene regions (ITS, EF1 –α, and ß-tubulin) of each of the 13 isolates were sequenced and assigned as D. pini. Based on ITS sequences, the studied isolates represent the haplotypes Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2. Both mating types were detected but at different localities. Our results suggest that in addition to D. septosporum, D. pini may contribute to DNB also in Slovakia. 相似文献
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Kornlia Kurucz Dvid Hederics Dominika Bali Gbor Kemenesi Gy&#x;z&#x; Horvth Ferenc Jakab 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(2):259-263
Hepatitis E virus is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Despite its zoonotic potential, there is limited information about the natural chain of hepevirus infection in wildlife, and the potential reservoir species. In this study, we performed a HEV survey by heminested RT‐PCR on rodent samples from an urban environment (in the city of Pécs, Hungary) and investigated the prevalence of the virus among these native rodent species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus). HEV was detected exclusively in Common voles (M. arvalis), in 10.2% of screened voles, and 3.2% of all investigated samples from all species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, our strain showed the closest homology with European Orthohepevirus C strains detected previously in faecal samples of birds of prey and Red fox, supporting the possibility of the dietary origin of these strains. In addition, our samples showed close phylogenetic relation with a South American strain detected in Necromys lasiurus (Cricetidae), but separated clearly from other Muridae‐associated strains, suggesting the presence of a Cricetidae‐specific genotype in Europe and South‐America. Based on these results, we hypothesize the reservoir role of M. arvalis rodents for the European Cricetidae‐specific Orthohepevirus C genotype. 相似文献
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Dominika Guzek Dominika Głąbska Krystyna Gutkowska Jerzy Wierzbicki Alicja Woźniak Agnieszka Wierzbicka 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):333-339
The aim of the study was to analyze the factors creating consumer attributes of roasted beef steaks of various animals. Eight cuts from 30 carcasses (characterized by various types of animal, conformation and fat class, rib fat thickness, ossification score) were selected. Samples were prepared using the roasting method and consumers rated the tenderness, juiciness, flavor, overall acceptability (rated in a 100‐point scale), and satisfaction (rated from 2 to 5) for analyzed samples. No influence of type of animal, fat class, conformation class or ossification score on the results of consumer analysis was observed. For all analyzed factors, the influence of cut on consumer analysis was observed (the highest values of all consumer attributes were observed for tenderloin ‐ for juiciness significantly higher than for other cuts, for tenderness, flavor and MQ4 comparable only with rump (RMP231), while for overall acceptability and satisfaction – with both rump cuts). For rib fat thickness consumer attributes of roasted beef meat were not linear, but the influence was observed – the highest values of consumer attributes were observed for 13 mm rib fat thickness. 相似文献
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Dominika Chmolowska Natnael Hamda Ryszard Laskowski 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(2):299-305
Purpose
The study aimed at comparing organic matter decomposition in two semi-natural agrobiocenozes, namely fallows and meadows, with similar plant biomass but differing in plant community composition and diversity and in succession stage.Materials and methods
The decomposition rate of a standard material (cellulose) was measured in soils from six fallows and six meadows spanning a few kilometres apart. The mathematical model was fitted to the data.Results and discussion
The model showed a significantly longer lag-time in cellulose decomposition in the meadows. Despite the delayed start of decomposition in the meadows, the estimated decomposition rates were similar in both ecosystem types, once the decay started.Conclusions
The faster start of decomposition in fallows seems to be promoted by higher contents of nitrates and phosphates in the fallow soils. The fallows, as younger ecosystems, may have faster C turnover than older grasslands due to remains of fertilisers on these ex-arable fields.8.
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Andrzej?G.?GórnyEmail author Zofia?Banaszak Bogumila??ugowska Dominika?Ratajczak 《Euphytica》2011,177(2):191-206
The effects of contrasting soil nitrogen (N) levels on the inheritance of the efficiency of N uptake and N utilization in
grain mass formation were examined in winter wheat. Parents of various origins and their diallel F2-hybrids were evaluated in field and pot experiments under varying levels of soil N. The range of additive variance in the
components of N efficiency was narrow, especially under N shortage. The soil N-treatments imposed had a substantial influence
on gene actions responsible for the efficiency components and modes of inheritance. Genotype × nutrition interactions were
common. Under high N-fertilization, the efficiency components were inherited in a manner favourable for wheat selection (preponderance
of additive effects). However, the enhanced contribution of non-additive gene effects and increased dominance under N-limited
conditions could impede wheat selection to improve the N efficiency and adaptation to less luxurious fertilization regimes.
Selection methods that eliminate masking non-additive influences and take advantage of the additive variance should be employed
to improve these traits. 相似文献
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Modulation of ruminal and intestinal fermentation by medicinal plants and zinc from different sources 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zora Váradyová Dominika Mravčáková Monika Holodová Ľubomira Grešáková Jana Pisarčíková Marcin Barszcz Marcin Taciak Anna Tuśnio Svetlana Kišidayová Klaudia Čobanová 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1131-1145
Two experiments were conducted on sheep to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with zinc and a medicinal plant mixture on haematological parameters and microbial activity in the rumen and large intestine. In Experiment 1, 24 male lambs were randomly divided into four groups: One group was fed an unsupplemented basal diet (control), and three groups were fed a diet supplemented with 70 mg Zn/kg diet in the form of Zn sulphate (ZnSO4), a Zn‐chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn‐Gly) or a Zn‐proteinate (Zn‐Pro), for five months. The ruminal content was collected separately from each lamb, and batch cultures of ruminal fluid were incubated in vitro with mixture of medicinal plants (Mix) with different roughage:concentrate ratios (800:200 and 400:600, w/w). Bioactive compounds in Mix were quantified by UPLC/MS/MS. In Experiment 2, four sheep were fed a diet consisting of meadow hay and barley grain (400:600, w/w), with Zn‐Gly (70 mg Zn/kg diet), Mix (10% replacement of meadow hay) or Zn‐Gly and Mix (Zn‐Gly‐Mix) as supplements in a Latin square design. Mix decreased total gas (p < 0.001) and methane (p < 0.01) production in vitro. In Experiment 1, caecal isobutyrate and isovalerate concentrations varied among the dietary treatments (p < 0.01). The isovalerate concentration of the zinc‐supplemented groups in the distal colon was higher (p < 0.001) compared with the control. In Experiment 2, the molar proportion of isobutyrate was the highest in the faeces of the sheep fed the diet with Zn‐Gly‐Mix (p < 0.01). The plasma zinc concentration was higher in the groups fed a diet supplemented with zinc (p < 0.001). The haematological profile and antioxidant status did not differ between the dietary groups (p > 0.05). The diets containing medicinal plants and organic zinc thus helped to modulate the characteristics of fermentation in ruminants. 相似文献