Pigeonpea improvement: An amalgam of breeding and genomic research     

Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata  Ganga Rao Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama  Rachit K. Saxena  Kulbhushan Saxena  Hari D. Upadhyaya  Moses Siambi  Said N. Silim  Kothapally Narasimha Reddy  Anupama J. Hingane  Mamta Sharma  Shivali Sharma  Stephen Dominic Lyimo  Rose Ubwe  Meshack Makenge  Kananji Gad  Paul Kiprotich Kimurto  Manuel Amane  Kennedy Kanenga  Yuventino Obong  Emanuel Monyo  Chris Ojiewo  Nagesh Kumar Mallela Venkata  Jaganmohan Polineni Rao  Prashanthi Lakkireddy  Sudhakar Chourat  Indraprakash Singh  Sobhan Sajja  Shruthi Hirikara Beliappa  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):445-454

In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.  相似文献   

Feeding behavior of feedlot lambs fed diets containing levels of cassava wastewater     

Paula de Aguiar Silva  Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho  Aureliano José Vieira Pires  Stefanie Alvarenga Santos  Douglas dos Santos Pina  Robério Rodrigues Silva  Carlindo Santos Rodrigues  Luis Henrique Almeida de Matos  Carlos Emanuel Eiras  Daiane Novais-Eiras  Wilson Souza Nunes 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):721-726

In this study, we evaluated the effects of including cassava wastewater in the diet on the feeding behavior of feedlot lambs in 35 male uncastrated Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs at an approximate age of 3 months, with an average live weight of 20.0?±?3.4 kg. Diets were formulated with hay of cassava shoots (roughage) and a concentrate based on corn and soybean, with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 50:50, plus inclusion of cassava wastewater at the levels of 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 g/kg of the total diet. Feeding behavior was evaluated between the 46th and 52nd days of the experiment. Increasing cassava wastewater levels in the diet reduced (P?<?0.05) the intakes (kg/day) of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber as well as the efficiency of rumination (g/cud and g/h) of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. The other behavioral parameters were not affected by wastewater inclusion in the diet. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 48 g/kg of cassava wastewater on fresh matter of diets is not recommended for feedlot lambs.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Seeds to Chemical Mutagens,Detection of DNA Polymorphisms and Agro-Metrical Traits in M1 Generation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)     

Vargas-Segura  César  López-Gamboa  Emmanuel  Araya-Valverde  Emanuel  Valdez-Melara  Marta  Gatica-Arias  Andrés 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(5):451-464

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) is threatened by biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, the breeding of Arabica coffee is restricted due to its low...  相似文献   

A pear rootstock trial in Israel     

Arye Gur  David Zamet  Emanuel Arad 《Scientia Horticulturae》1978,8(3):249-264

The pear cultivars ‘Spadona Estiva’, ‘Coscia’, ‘Beurré Superfin’ and a ‘Bartlett’ clone of South African origin (termed ‘Bartlett Sport’) were tested on 5 quince rootstock types, 5 Pyrus species and on 5 or 30 cm long interstocks of the pear cultivars ‘Bergamotte Esperen’ and ‘Spadona Estiva’ on quince MA, while ‘Dr. Jules Guyot’ was used as an interstock on ‘Bartlett’ seedlings.At the age of 10 years only ‘Spadona Estiva’ showed no signs of decline on quince rootstocks, ‘Coscia’ showed moderate decline, while the remaining cultivars had already declined severely. When the trunk circumference of ‘Beurré Superfin’ trees on the various quince clones was taken as an indicator for the degree of graft incompatibility, a negative correlation was found between this parameter and cyanogenic glycoside content in the stem bark of ungrafted quince plants belonging to the same clones. Pear interstocks on quince MA rootstocks did in some cases increase crops compared to the same quince alone, but did not prevent the decline of ‘Beurré Superfin’ and Bartlett Sport' on quince.The most vigorous and most prolific rootstock was Pyrus betulaefolia. However, with ‘Spadona Estiva’ differences in vigor between the rootstocks were only small and crops on the Israeli quince CI 7 were similar to those on Pyrus betulaefolia, but fruit size was larger on quince. Cropping of this cultivar at the age of 4 years was closely related to the intensity of flowering, whereas with ‘Coscia’ this relation was much less evident.Leaf fall in autumn and the opening of the vegetative buds of ‘Beurré Superfin’ in spring were earlier on quince than on Pyrus rootstocks.  相似文献   

Ethics. The ethics of international research with abandoned children     

Millum J  Emanuel EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5858):1874-1875

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Retrospective. Edward N. Lorenz (1917-2008)     

Emanuel K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1025

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Location of gene for beta subunit of human T-cell receptor at band 7q35, a region prone to rearrangements in T cells   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

M Isobe  J Erikson  B S Emanuel  P C Nowell  C M Croce 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4699):580-582

The T-cell receptor is formed by two chains, alpha and beta, for which specific clones were recently obtained. In this report the gene for the beta chain of the human T-cell receptor was located on the long arm of chromosome 7, band q35, by means of in situ hybridization. This chromosome region in T cells is unusually prone to develop breaks in vivo, perhaps reflecting instability generated by somatic rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes during normal differentiation in this cell lineage.  相似文献   

Public health. Who should get influenza vaccine when not all can?     

Emanuel EJ  Wertheimer A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5775):854-855

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Neuroscience. Neuron, know thy neighbor     

DiCicco-Bloom E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5767):1560-1562

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Loss of genetic variability in the captive stocks of tambaqui,Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), at breeding centres in Brazil,and their divergence from wild populations          下载免费PDF全文

Jonas da Paz Aguiar  Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes  Igor Guerreiro Hamoy  Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos  Horacio Schneider  Iracilda Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1914-1925

The loss of variability in farmed populations and the risks of interactions with wild populations support the need for the genetic monitoring of species farmed throughout the world. In Brazil, the tambaqui is the most widely farmed native fish species. Despite this, there are no data on the pedigree of the farmed stocks, and the potential for interactions with wild populations in the Amazon basin has raised concerns with regard to the genetic variability of these stocks. The present study analysed sequences of the mitochondrial Control Region and 12 microsatellites to characterize the genetic variability of seven historically important commercial tambaqui breeding centres located in four different regions of Brazil, and compared these sequences with those obtained from individuals collected from a wild population. High levels of genetic diversity were found in the wild population, whereas genetic diversity was reduced in both markers in most captive populations, except for the broodstock located near the Amazon River. High F_ST and D_EST indices were recorded between the wild population and most of the captive stocks analysed. The drastic reduction in genetic diversity found in most captive stocks and the difference between these stocks and the wild population may have been the result of the small size of the founding populations and the absence of breeding management. The renewal of the broodstocks and the application of breeding management techniques are recommended. In the Amazon region, in addition, the use of broodstocks that are genetically very different from local wild populations should be avoided.  相似文献