Mode of action of bentazon: Effect on photosynthesis     

Akihiko Mine  Shooichi Matsunaka 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(5):444-450

Bentazon, 3-isopropyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2,2-dioxide is effective for weed control in flooded rice fields not only as a foliar treatment but also as a flooded-water or paddy soil treatment. Generally the herbicidal effect develops slowly only after translocation of the herbicide has occurred, but when the weeds contacted directly with relatively high concentrations of the herbicide, the effects appear rather rapid.The slow herbicidal effect appears to be an important mode of action of bentazon applied practically on weeds under flooded rice field conditions. The slow effect may be caused by inhibition of photosynthesis as supported by the following experimental results: a) Bentazon inhibited the Hill reaction in isolated chloroplasts; b) bentazon rapidly inhibited photosynthetic CO₂ fixation in susceptible Cyperus serotinus and other plants; c) the herbicidal effects appeared much slower when bentazon was applied as a flooded-water treatment; d) bentazon injury was prevented by endogenous or exogenously supplied carbohydrates.  相似文献   

Contributions to the leafminer fauna (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Turkey, with four new records     

Emine Çıkman  Hasan Sungur Civelek 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):391-396

In a study carried out during 2002 and 2004 in Diyarbakıir and Mardin provinces, southeast Turkey, specimens were collected twice a month from cultivated and non-cultivated plants. Sixteen leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) species were identified. Among them,Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt, 1848;Napomyza elegans (Meigen, 1830);Phytoliriomyza dorsata (Siebke, 1864); andPhytomyza aquilonia Frey, 1964 are new records for the Turkish leafminer http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 24, 2005.  相似文献   

Histology of corpuscles of Stannius in Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)     

Burak Kaptaner  Güler Ünal  Emine Doğan  Handan Aykut 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(2):404-410

In the present study, the location, histology and number of corpuscles of Stannius (Sc), which are endocrine glands associated with the kidneys of teleost fish, were investigated for the first time in Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi), an anadromous and endemic inhabiting Turkey's Lake Van Basin. The Sc, which were ovoid or spheroid and white or cream in colour, were found to vary in number between three and five among the examined fish. The glands were located in the caudal part of the kidney, and either partially or completely embedded, and found to be present on both the ventral and dorsal surface of either side of the caudal part of the kidney. The Sc were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that penetrated and divided the gland into incomplete lobules. Two types of cells were determined in the parenchyma of the gland. Type-I cells were predominant throughout the parenchyma and larger than the second (type-II). In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm was observed as weakly or moderately eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin staining and weakly or moderately acidophilic with Mallory's triple staining. In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm exhibited weak to moderate periodic acid-Schiff staining and slight or uniform staining with aldehyde fuchsin. The type-II cells were round, had a darkly stained spherical nucleus and were dispersed among the type-I cells. They displayed no cytoplasmic staining with the abovementioned stains.  相似文献   

The impact of traditional management on seasonal internal parasite burdens and productivity of indigenous Tswana goats in southern Botswana     

Nsoso SJ  Machete JB  Molatole M  Ndebele RT  Lebani NN  Chabo RG  Kalake AM  Jacyna L  Segadimo BW  Mine OM 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2001,68(2):101-104

Data collected monthly over a period of two years were live weight, packed cell volume (PCV), nematode faecal egg counts (FECs) and coccidial oocyst counts from faecal analyses for 100 mixed age (3-7 years) indigenous Tswana does. The aims of this experiment were to determine seasonal FECs and coccidial oocysts in these goats and quantify the relationships of these burdens to liveweight and PCV. FECs significantly (P < 0.05) varied with season, with the warmer seasons viz spring, summer and autumn having higher log (x + 1) parasite burdens than the cooler winter, while seasonal trends for coccidial oocysts were not obvious. PCV was also significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the warmer seasons than winter. FECs and coccidial oocysts in all seasons were less than the mean log (x + 1) of 3.3 inferred to reduce production in small stock. Correlation coefficients were strongly negative: -0.95 for FECs and liveweight and -0.84 for FECS and PCV, indicating that these worms had a negative impact on productivity. A further study should be conducted to quantify the effects of controlling these parasites during the warm seasons on productivity.  相似文献   

Some Physicochemical Characteristics,Bioactive Content and Antioxidant Characteristics of Non-Sprayed Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) Fruits from Turkey     

Hilal Yildiz  Sezai Ercisli  Memnune Sengul  Elif Feyza Topdas  Omer Beyhan  Ozlem Cakir  Haluk Kemal Narmanlioglu  Emine Orhan 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2014,56(4):123-129

Increasing consumer demands for indigenous, non-sprayed with pesticides and less-known or “forgotten” fruits necessitate knowledge on their breeding, cultivation, biochemical content, harvesting and marketing. Anatolia is rich for wild edible fruit species and barberry is abundant throughout Anatolia. The aim of this study was to determine some important physicochemical characteristics, bioactive content and antioxidant capacity of fruits from nineteen promising barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) genotypes grown in the Coruh valley, Northeastern Anatolia. The results indicated genotype-specific differences for most of the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity and the content of some bioactive compounds. Fruit mass ranged from 0.073 (‘Coruh-7’) to 0.267 g (‘Coruh-11’). Total phenolic content ranged from 2532 (‘Coruh-’) to 3719 mg GAE per liter fruit juice (‘Coruh-11’). The genotype ‘Coruh-12’ had the highest total monomeric anthocyanin content (1004 mg per liter fruit juice) as cyanidin-3-glucoside. The highest total antioxidant capacity was observed in fruits of ‘Coruh-8’ and ‘Coruh-9’ genotypes with all three antioxidant-determining methods. We conclude that the barberry fruits represent a good source of bioactive phytochemicals because of their high phenolic and anthocyanin contents.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils     

Işcan G  Kirimer N  Kürkcüoğlu M  Başer KH  Demirci F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(14):3943-3946

Essential oils of peppermint Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae), which are used in flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, were investigated for their antimicrobial properties against 21 human and plant pathogenic microorganisms. The bioactivity of the oils menthol and menthone was compared using the combination of in vitro techniques such as microdilution, agar diffusion, and bioautography. It was shown that all of the peppermint oils screened strongly inhibited plant pathogenic microorganisms, whereas human pathogens were only moderately inhibited. Chemical compositions of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Using the bioautography assay, menthol was found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of these oils.  相似文献   

Genetic and morphologic diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Echinochloa crus-galli</Emphasis> populations from different origins     

Emine Kaya Altop  Husrev Mennan 《Phytoparasitica》2011,39(1):93-102

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (barnyardgrass) is an annual weed that is native to Asia and found throughout the world. The broad ecological tolerance and competitive ability of E. crus-galli makes it the most important weed species in rice. Genetic studies of plants are becoming increasingly common because reliable information is necessary to better understand population dynamics, occurrence of herbicide resistance, and demographic data. Echinochloa crus-galli populations from 34 different locations in Turkey were compared with respect to morphological differences and genetic variation. For morphological variation, five seeds of each population were sown in pots and grown in a screenhouse using a randomized block design. Morphological parameters such as germination speed, flowering time, leaf area, plant height, spikelet length, above-ground biomass, root dry weight and number of seeds were measured. Distinct differences among populations with respect to hierarchical cluster analysis were observed. Genetic variations among populations were performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The seven RAPD primers amplified 55 bands whose molecular weight varied between 200 and 4000 bp. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 74.54%. Results showed high morphological and genetic variability among individual genotypes within geographic locations. Phenotypic and genetic variability among E. crus-galli populations would be influenced by agricultural practices, crop characteristics, geographic location and herbicide pressure. Differences between weed populations may affect response to chemical or biological control.  相似文献   

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of synthetic pure isothiocyanates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum     

Kurt S  Güneş U  Soylu EM 《Pest management science》2011,67(7):869-875

BACKGROUND: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae are potentially useful for controlling fungal pathogens. In vitro activity of pure ITCs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was studied by adding them to glass filters in petri dishes and dissolving them in the growing media. RESULTS: Methyl, allyl and benzyl ITCs were the most fungitoxic of the compounds in bioassays with S. sclerotiorum isolate Ss31. In the volatile phase, mycelial growth was completely inhibited by these three compounds. Aromatic ITCs were less toxic in the petri dishes but were more toxic than aliphatic ITCs when dissolved in the agar. Benzyl ITC exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on sclerotial germination, with an EC₅₀ value of 75.1 µmol L^?1. Butyl and benzyl ITCs reduced apothecial production of S. sclerotiorum by 92.5% at the highest concentration. In in vivo assay, only allyl and 2‐phenylethyl ITCs reduced disease incidence (by 76.7 and 70% respectively) at low concentrations. CONCLUSION: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the soil might be suppressed by the higher concentrations of allyl and benzyl ITCs released from decomposition of Brassica juncea, B. carinata, B. nigra and Sinapis spp. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Preparation of novel functional oligophosphopeptides from hen egg yolk phosvitin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jiang B  Mine Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):990-994

Novel hen egg phosvitin phosphopeptides (PPP) with molecular masses of 1-3 kDa were prepared from tryptic hydrolysis following partial alkaline dephosphorylation. The phosvitin treated with various NaOH concentrations (0.05-0.4 N) resulted in different dephosphorylated proteins ranging from 17.5 to 96.3% of phosphate retention. The protein was digested into 10-20 amino acid peptides with trypsin. Calcium-binding properties of PPP were compared with those of commercial casein phosphopeptides in vitro. The PPP with 35% phosphate retention is shown to be effective for enhancing calcium binding capacity and inhibiting the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate. The results provide potential novel functional oilgophosphopeptides as nutraceuticals.  相似文献   

Effects of hen egg yolk immunoglobulin in passive protection of rainbow trout against Yersinia ruckeri   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lee SB  Mine Y  Stevenson RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(1):110-115

Anti-Yersinia ruckeri egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was transferred to egg yolk after immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of serovar 1 (RS1154) and serovar 2 (RS1153)Y. ruckeri and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IgY was specific for its homologous LPS in western immunoblot, whereas some protein bands were commonly recognized, even by IgY from eggs of unimmunized hens. Purified LPS from both Y. ruckeri serovar types 1 and 2 had a very poor immunogenicity. The IgY activity was stable when processed into pellet form by a microbial transglutaminase treatment and showed a considerable resistance against acid pepsin for at least 2 h. Feeding specific anti-serovar 1 Y. ruckeri IgY to fish either before or after immersion infection produced marginal reductions in mortalities and in intestine infection. The same IgY did passively protect rainbow trout against infection when administered by intraperitoneal injection 4 h before an immersion challenge.  相似文献