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G. Bejiga 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(2):135-140
A sowing date experiment was conducted over 6 years (1978–1983) to determine the optimum sowing date for lentil on vertisols in Debre Zeit area, Ethiopia. The results showed that sowing between the last week of June and the second week of July maximizes lentil yield. Later planting after mid-July, reduced both yield and time to maturity. 相似文献
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Serbessa Tolera Bekele Dagne Woldegebriel Kifle Teshome Gari Abel Geleta Dida Mulatu Tesfaye Geletu Kassahun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(6):2337-2350
Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is a perennial root crop belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. It is endemic to Ethiopia and distributed over wide range of agro-ecologies. For further improvement and efficient conservation of this crop, characterization of its genetic diversity and its pattern of distribution is a vitally important step. Expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) markers were developed from publicly available watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] ESTs in the GenBank database. Among those novel markers, eight were polymorphic and subsequently used for genetic diversity and population structure analyses of 30 anchote accessions collected from western Ethiopia. A total of 24 alleles were obtained across the eight polymorphic loci and 30 accessions that revealed moderate level of genetic diversity in this minor crop. Among the eight loci, locus CA_06 was the most informative with six alleles and polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.76. The accessions showed about threefold variation in terms of genetic diversity, with expected heterozygosity (He) ranging from 0.15 (accession An) to 0.44 (accession Dg). Other accessions with higher genetic diversity include Ar and Gu (He?=?0.43 and 0.41, respectively). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within accessions and among accessions accounted for 84.7% and 15.3% of the total variation, respectively. The study revealed low but significant population differentiation in this crop with no clear pattern of population structure. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study are the first of their kind for anchote and can be used for characterization of its wider genetic resources for conservation and breeding purposes.
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Summary Three thousand two hundred and sixty-seven kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions were grown during the spring season of 1980 at Tel Hadya, the main research station of ICARDA, Syria to determine the components of seed yield. Observations were recorded on seed yield and 14 other characters. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were done to find out associations among characters and to assess the direct and indirect contribution of each character to seed yield.Large variation was observed for all the characters studied except days to flowering, days to maturity and protein content. Correlation and path coefficient analyses showed that biological yield and harvest index were the major direct contributors to seed yield. The 100-seed weight, plant height, days to flowering and maturity, canopy width, and protein content contributed to seed yield mainly through indirect effect via biological yield and harvest index. The 100-seed weight and seed yield were major contributors to biological yield. Major contributor to protein content was days to maturity. Results indicated that selection for high biological yield and harvest index would lead to high seed yield; and selection for large seed size would lead to high biological yield. Therefore, these characters should receive the highest priority in selecting high yielding plants in chickpea breeding. 相似文献
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Summary Iron-deficiency chlorosis is often seen in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields in the Mediterranean region and is particularly severe in fields where iron-deficiency susceptible cultivars are sown. Therefore, ICARDA's breeding programme field evaluated 6224 kabuli chickpea germplasm accessions for iron-deficiency chlorosis on a high pH Calcic Rhodoxeralf soil (pH 8.5, 20–25% calcium carbonate) at Tel Hadya, Syria during the winter and spring of 1987/88. Two resistant and 17 susceptible lines were grown during autumn, winter and spring of 1988/89 to examine the effect of sowing time on the appearance of the deficiency. About 99% of accessions showed no iron-deficiency symptoms. Evaluation of susceptible accessions during autumn, winter, and spring sowing revealed that iron-deficiency chlorosis was more pronounced during winter sowing. There were also significant genotype x season interactions, indicating differential responses of genotypes to time of sowing. Since the iron-deficiency chlorosis character is controlled by recessive genes, a negative selection to discard the susceptible lines from breeding material is recommended as an effective breeding strategy.Joint contribution from ICARDA and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics), Patancheru P.O., A. P. 502 324, India. 相似文献
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Ethiopia is a secondary center of diversity for chickpea.It is possible that these germplasm lines have developed certain degrees ofadaptation to drought during many centuries of cultivation on residual soilmoisture. We, therefore, evaluated 482 genotypes of chickpea collected fromdifferent regions of Ethiopia for their tolerance to drought at Alem Tena, adrought-prone site. Differences were observed among genotypes in their reactionsto drought and 18 tolerant genotypes were identified based on drought responseindex (DRI). These were in the top 10% yielding genotypes under drought stress.The drought susceptible check Mariye gave grain yields of only 348kg/ha. Two of the drought tolerant genotypes ACC41235 and ACC 209025 were further evaluated in pots alongwith Mariye under stressed and nonstressed moisture regimes.Unlike Mariye the two test genotypes had relatively smallerindividual leaf area, which was further reduced under low moisture stresstreatment. On the other hand, dry root weight, root volume and rooting depthdecreased significantly under low moisture stress only forMariye. It appears that reduced water loss from the plant andextensive extraction of soil moisture are factors involved in the adaptation ofEthiopian chickpeas to drought conditions. The combined effect of the twofactors enables the plant to maintain high water status. 相似文献
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俄罗斯杂花苜蓿引种栽培试验初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
俄罗斯杂花苜蓿2001年从俄罗斯赤塔州引进后,在海拉尔东山呼伦贝尔学院试验地,经过6年的引种栽培试验（2001—2006年）。结果表明,该品种分枝能力强,根系发达,主根入土深,播种当年主根为60cm,侧根3—5条,第2年主根深达110cm,分枝能力和根系长度均与植株密度有密切关系,密度大分枝较小,侧根少,主根入土深;耐寒性较强,越冬率高,越冬率达98.4%;抗旱性较强,土壤含水量大于5％时,植株能正常生长,含水量2％～5％时,植株生长缓慢,植株下部出现枯黄现象,含水量低于2％,植株枯萎,根系不死;正常年份年干草产量可达3600～5600kg／hm^2,适合呼伦贝尔地区推广种植。 相似文献
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青格乐吐 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2005,28(3):10-11,14
退耕还林工程是我国进入21世纪国家投资最大,涉及面最广、政策性最强、任务最重、群众参与程度最高的生态环境建设工程,加强对这一工程理论与实践研究,对搞好退耕还林工程建设,实现生态立旗尤为重要。 相似文献
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Summary One hundred and fifty-six landrace populations of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) collected from 10 provinces in Ethiopia were evaluated for a set of six quantitative traits at three sites contrasting in altitude. Consistent regional differences among landraces were found for time to flower and maturity, 100-seed weight, number of seeds/pod and plant height. The regional differences were clarified by a discriminant analysis based on 100-seed weight, time to flower and plant height. The lentil of the West Highlands was early and short, that of the North Highlands was large-seeded, whereas lentils from the Central Highlands were the least distinctive group. Selection for seed size was the result of local human preferences. Humans were probably also responsible for the lack of adaptive value of plant phenology in relation to altitude. Selection for seed yield at the low and middle elevation sites gave a positive response to selection at both sites. However, selection for yield at the highland site did not give a positive response elsewhere, indicating that adaptation to highland conditions differed from that at lower elevations. 相似文献
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Summary The meiotic behaviour of a hybrid between Triticum aestivum and the amphiploid Hordeum chilense x T. turgidum conv. durum, was studied using a C-banding staining method. This hybrid has the genome formula of AA BB D Hch with 2n=6x=42 chromosomes. The durum wheat chromosomes (genomes A and B) were easily recognized, whereas the D and Hch chromosomes were recognized as a whole. Meiotic pairing was homologous, as expected (14 bivalents from A and B genomes +14 univalents from D and Hch genomes). However, some pollen mother cells at metaphase-I presented pseudobivalents that could have been caused by either homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing amongst D and Hch chromosomes. 相似文献
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is normally grown as a spring-sown rainfed crop in the Mediterranean region in areas receiving more than 400 mm of rainfall annually. Because of large fluctuations in the total amount and distribution of the rainfall, the crop occasionally suffers from extreme terminal drought. Breeders face a dilemma in selecting materials for both normal moisture regimes and drought conditions because it is often difficult to conduct two parallel breeding programmes. This study examines the transferability of the selection indices (developed as a multiple regression of yield on most influential traits) from one environment to another with the objective of selecting an appropriate environment for the development of cultivars adapted to both environments. Experiments were conducted for 3 years (1989-1991) during the spring at two locations with normal moisture regime (hereafter referred to as drought-free) in Syria and Lebanon and one drought-prone location in Syria. Each year, 192-240 newly bred lines were evaluated in replicated trials for seed yield, days to flowering and maturity, plant height and 100-seed weight. Correlation analyses showed that increased seed size, early maturity and reduced plant height at the drought-prone location and early maturity at the drought-free location were of prime importance in increasing seed yield. Regression equations developed to predict seed yield showed that days to flower and maturity accounted from 67-80 % variation in seed yield at the dry location, whereas at the drought-free locations the contribution of days to maturity was smaller except in 1991 in Lebanon. The percent success in the transferability of the selection indices from the drought-free environments to the drought-prone environment was higher than that from the drought-prone environment to the drought-free environment. These results indicate that chickpea breeding material developed under drought-free environments could be useful under drought-prone conditions. Early-maturing lines selected under normal environments would also perform well under drier conditions. 相似文献
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