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1.
Chuma T Maeda T Niwa H Okamoto K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):155-160
A dramatic rise in the number of resistant Campylobacter to quinolones has been documented in human patients and domestic animals. In this study, the mechanism of acquisition of quinolone resistance was studied by detecting point mutations in the gyrA gene of Campylobacter strains obtained from broilers and strains with in vitro-induced resistance. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX) for the strains that had no point mutation were slightly increased from the source strain (Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560). The MICs of nalidixic acid (NA), NFLX, and OFLX for the strains that had the point mutation at Thr-86 were 100 or 200 microg/ml, 50 microg/ml, and 25 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC of NA for the strain that had a point mutation at Asp-90 higher than those for the strains that had the point mutation at Thr-86, but the MICs of NFLX and OFLX were relatively lower than those for the strains that had point mutation at Thr-86. These findings suggest that the degree of antimicrobial resistance against NA, NFLX, and OFLX in the in vitro-induced C. jejuni strains was associated with the location of the point mutation in gyrA. On the other hand, a point mutation in all seven resistant strains isolated from broilers was located only at Thr-86, while the MICs of the three quinolones varied in each wild strain. This suggests that another mechanism might also be involved in the acquisition of quinolone resistance in C. jejuni wild strains. 相似文献
2.
Yamamoto T Kobayashi S Nishiguchi A Nonaka T Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):137-142
Scattered SRM residues from BSE-infected cattle are possible to contaminate sewage during the slaughtering process in slaughterhouses. A proportion of the sludge discharged from wastewater treatment facilities at slaughterhouses has historically been processed into fertilizer. We therefore investigated the associated risk of BSE infection to cattle via sludge-derived fertilizer. Each stage of the process associated with BSE exposure was qualitatively evaluated and quantitative evaluations were subsequently performed using infectious dose as a unit of concern. Results of these qualitative evaluations indicated that installation of filter(s) at the drains to the wastewater treatment facilities has been undertaken by many slaughterhouses and has decreased the likelihood of SRM contamination of sewage. The level of sludge-derived fertilizer ingested by cattle was considered to be very low since the fertilizer is mixed with the ground soil, and the amount of soil ingested by cattle is likely to be small. Results from the quantitative analysis indicated the total infectious dose ingested by cattle in Japan from an infected cow has been estimated to be 5.5 x 10(-3) ID(50). Preventing scattering of SRM during the slaughtering process, installing filters to the drains with the removal of residues from the drain water and preventing the application of sludge-derived fertilizer to pasturelands would be effective to reduce the risk. Although the limited extent of available information, this study should provide useful indication for the development of an inclusive risk assessment for slaughterhouse sludge in the future. 相似文献
3.
Watanabe M Hisasue M Souma T Ohshiro S Yamada T Tsuchiya R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(10):1095-1099
Detection of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection was attempted in cats by PCR using whole blood without DNA extraction. A total 46 of 54 (85%) cats with suspected Mycoplasma spp. infection showed a positive reaction, corresponding completely with the results of standard PCR testing. The direct PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect more than 0.0061% parasitemia for ;C. M. haemominutum' and 0.0075% parasitemia for M. haemofelis. These data indicate that the direct PCR assay might be sufficient for use as a tool in clinical examinations. 相似文献
4.
Seiji Shimoda Shohei Murayama Wenhong Mo Takehisa Oikawa 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(3-4):603-613
Measurements of δ13C in atmospheric CO2 and plant samples were made in 2003, along with CO2 flux measurements, at a grassland site in Tsukuba in central Japan. The objective of the study was to obtain estimates of relative seasonal contributions of C3 and C4 plants to the net CO2 flux over a C3/C4 grassland area influenced by the Asian monsoon. C4 contribution to the ecosystem respiration (f4R) increased from June to September, and then became constant at 63–67% through October and November. The seasonal variation in f4R reflected the biomass composition of C3 and C4 plants at the measurement site. The seasonal C4 contribution to photosynthesis (f4P) was significantly different from its contribution to f4R in May (8%) while it showed similar values to f4R after June. The seasonal variations in f4R and f4P reflect the biomass composition ratio. Such seasonal transition from C3 to C4 of relative contribution to the carbon flux is similar to that observed in humid prairie ecosystems, while it is different from that in dry prairie ecosystems where the contribution of C3 plants is lower and the seasonal maximum of the C4-plant contribution occurs earlier compared to the humid prairie ecosystems. 相似文献
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Hayama Yoko Yanase Tohru Suzuki Moemi Unten Kazuhiko Tomochi Hisayuki Kakehi Mayu Shono Yukina Yamamoto Takehisa Kobayashi Sota Murai Kiyokazu Tsutsui Toshiyuki 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):209-215
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide... 相似文献
7.
Shimada Y Kiyosawa M Nariai T Oda K Toyama H Ono K Senda M Ishiwata K 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(8):999-1002
OBJECTIVE: To map central benzodiazepine receptors (BZRs) in the brain of cats by use of positron-emission tomography (PET) and [11C]flumazenil. ANIMALS: 6 male cats that weighed between 2.0 and 3.6 kg. PROCEDURE: Brain images obtained by PET evaluation of [11C]flumazenil were superimposed on T2-weighted magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the same cats. Detailed anatomic regions, such as the cerebral cortex, striatum, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum, on the PET images were evident by PET-MRI registration. Regional binding of [11C]flumazenil to BZRs was quantitatively measured by use of a model with 2 tissue compartments and 4 variables. RESULTS: The highest value for distribution volume was observed in the cerebral cortex, and the lowest value was found in the midbrain of cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Binding of [11C]flumazenil to BZRs in the brain of cats can be quantitatively measured by use of PET with the aid of PET-MRI registration. It is difficult to diagnose changes in these neuroreceptors within the field of current veterinary science. In the future, PET should prove useful for investigating and diagnosing brain disorders in animals in clinical settings. 相似文献
8.
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella abortus and induces abortions in female cattle, with other cattle at risk of infection from the aborted fetus or contaminated placenta. In Japan, the number of cases has dramatically reduced due to national surveillance and eradication strategies. Bovine brucellosis is now believed to be eradicated in Japan. Here, we examine the surveillance strategies currently in place for early detection of infected cattle in the event of a future reintroduction of the disease. We compared current serological surveillance for the dairy population with bulk-milk surveillance and abortion surveillance, and used time to detection as the main criterion of surveillance efficacy. A stochastic individual-based model (IBM) was developed to simulate disease transmission within and between farms. Using outputs from the transmission model, a comparison of surveillance strategies was simulated. For evaluation of the robustness of the parameter values used in the transmission model, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. For the purpose of evaluating the direct costs of each surveillance strategy, the annual number of samples to be tested and the annual number of farms to be visited were estimated. Our results indicated that current serological surveillance with 60-month test intervals is not effective enough for rapid detection of a brucellosis outbreak. Bulk-milk surveillance appeared the most effective method based on the early detection of infected cows and a reduced number of samples required. The time to detection for abortion surveillance was greater than that of bulk-milk surveillance but varied widely depending on the reported ratio of abortions. Results from the surveillance model were consistent when alternative scenarios were applied to the transmission model. Although our model cannot exactly replicate an actual brucellosis outbreak, or the results of surveillance, our results may help decision-makers to choose the most effective surveillance strategy. 相似文献
9.
Naoto Fukazawa Ryota Takahashi Hinako Matsuda Yuya Mikawa Toshiyuki Suzuki Tomohiro Suzuki Shoji Sonoda 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(4):360
RNA-seq data analysis of cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) strains having different sensitivities to pyrethroids identified sodium channel mutations in strains showing pyrethroid resistance: the T929I and F1534S mutations. These results suggest that reduced sensitivity of the sodium channel confers the pyrethroid resistance of L. serricorne. Results also showed that the F1534S mutation mostly occurred concurrently with the T929I mutation. The functional relation between both mutations for pyrethroid resistance is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Yang GAO Huanping GUO Paul Franck Adjou MOUMOUNI Mingming LIU Jixu LI Artemis EFSTRATIOU Eloiza May GALON Rochelle Haidee YBANEZ Tatsunori MASATANI Takehisa SOMA Xuenan XUAN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1662
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant SAG1-related sequence 2 of Toxoplasma gondii (rTgSRS2) was developed to detect toxoplasmosis in cats. The specificity and sensitivity of rTgSRS2 ELISA were confirmed using a series of serum samples from T. gondii-experimentally infected mice. A total of 76 field samples from cats were examined by the developed ELISA. The rTgSRS2 ELISA showed a good diagnostic performance characterized by high concordance (88.16) and kappa value (0.76) with latex agglutination test (LAT). The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 92.68% and 82.86%, respectively. These results suggest that the ELISA based on rTgSRS2 could be a useful tool for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats. 相似文献