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Development of a disperse dye immunochromatographic test for the detection of antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wang SJ Chang WF Wang MY Hsiung KP Liu YC 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,125(3-4):284-290
For investigating the feasibility of using disperse dyes as an immunoassay chromogenic marker, a disperse dye, DADISPERSE NAVY BLUE SP, was selected in analyzing antibody against infectious bursal disease virus (anti-IBDV). With the color intensity revealed in the disperse dye immunochromatographic test (DICT) strip as the objective function, the optimal dyeing conditions were found as follows: dye concentration absorbance (at lambda(max)=587nm)=3, pH 7, 50 degrees C, for 10min. Under these conditions, the resultant dyed-antibody (rabbit anti-chicken) can produce an optimal color intensity reading of 55,054 on the strip. For performing qualitative immunoassay, chicken sera samples taken from different farms were used for the anti-IBDV titre assessment. The results of DICT strips showed very high sensitivity and specificity as compared to that analyzed by FlockChek enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (F-ELISA) kits. For quantitative immunoassay, it was found that the color intensity measured with DICT was linearly correlated to that of F-ELISA titre (r(2)=0.9687). Therefore, DICT was further applied to the detection of chicken anti-IBDV sera under vaccination in the farms. The average titres of the sampling groups exhibited a strong agreement to that of F-ELISA. Accordingly, the DICT method developed in this study, shown to be reliable, cheap and simple in both qualitative and quantitative immunoassays, is particularly suitable for point-of-need testing (PONT) in agricultural applications. 相似文献
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Historical development of agroforestry in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In China both agriculture and agroforestry originated in forests and developed side by side from their very beginnings. As revealed by archaeological evidence from ancient times, ancestral Chinese inhabited forests where they sheltered themselves from external hazards and lived on the edible parts of plants and animals through hunting and gathering activities.As early as the New Stone Age (7000–8000 years B.C.), fire was commonly used to burn the forests for slash-and-burn cultivation, which is a primitive form of agroforestry. Along with the rapid growth of population, the annexing of tribes, the collapse of clan society and the development of the slavery system, the nomadic mode of slash-and-burn farming evolved into settlement farming in the Xia Dynasty (2000-1600 B.C.). Peasants then engaged in settled cultivation.During the Shang and West Zhou Dynasty (1600-800 B.C.), perpetual settlement farming encouraged the development of private land-ownership. Peasants planted trees in or around the crop fields and grew fruit plants, vegetables and farmed domestic animals in their home yards for self-sufficiency. Since then, various forms of agroforestry have gradually developed and laid the fundamental framework of the Chinese small-farming economy for more than 3000 years.There has been a rapid growth of population in China over since the 1950s. At the same time, the area of arable land has decreased drastically and the environment has degraded rapidly as industrial development has taken place. The traditional labour-consuming and ineffective agroforestry management practices have not adapted to the current situation. In view of economic, ecological and social benefits, conversion of mono-biological production into a trinity system of agriculture, processing and marketing is suggested and planned experimentally. Such a management system, known as modern agroforestry, could be very beneficial to the development of modern China's rural economy and environmental conservation. 相似文献
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An off-line process-based speciation technique was devised here to quantitatively determine toxic inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and the dominant, albeit virtually nontoxic, arsenobetaine (AB) in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Oysters were extracted with fresh methanol-water (8+2), and this was replicated three times. They were then evaporated to near dryness and subsequently redissolved in pure water; defatting was then performed with a C18 cartridge. The trace hydride active arsenic species, that is, iAs, MA, and DMA, in the defatted solutions were determined with a sensitive hydride generation-packed coldfinger trap-atomic absorption spectrometric (HG-PCFT-AAS) coupled system. The arsenicals that were desorbed from the cation-exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) in the washings of 4 M NH3 were categorized on the basis of AB + DMA. The total quantity of arsenic in the recovered AB + DMA was determined with a commercial hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometric (HG-AAS) system, and finally, AB was calculated from (AB + DMA) - DMA. The average concentrations of iAs, MA, DMA, AB, and total arsenic (TAs) in the oysters collected from six aquacultural sites along the west coast of Taiwan were, respectively, 0.15, 0.06, 0.64, 6.93, and 13.74 mg kg(-1) of dry weight. AB was the major species, whereas iAs (arsenite + arsenate) were the most toxic species, although the iAs made up only approximately 1% of the TAs in the oysters. The lifetime target cancer risk, as determined by the concentration of iAs on a fresh weight basis in the oysters, was well below the ordinary health protection criteria (10(-6)). 相似文献
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Two viral pathogens, namely, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and foot and mouth disease virus
(FMDV), were selected as models for multiple pathogen detection in a cDNA microarray. Two signature regions selected from
ORF2 (around 500 bp) and ORF5 (around 600 bp) of PRRVS (America serotype), and one signature region from structural genes
VP1 (around 500 bp) of FMDV type O were designed and spotted on a nylon membrane. For PCR sensitivity study, the cloned FMDV–VP1
template could be diluted to near one copy and its PCR product was still detectable in gel electrophoresis. In the microarray
detection, the labelling FMDV probes (3 mg/ml) could be diluted 320 times and still maintained a visible colour when hybridized
with the chip. Using the mixing primers, the microarray chip demonstrated rapid and accurate detection of the specific genes.
To our knowledge, this preliminary study is the first example reported applying the long signature sequences to the multiple
pathogen detection in cDNA microarray. 相似文献
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Chao Hsiung Cheng Tsuyoshi Kawasaki Kuo Ping Chiang Chuan Hung Ho 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):3-13
SUMMARY: The distribution and movement of the hairtail Trichiurus lepturus stock in the Aru Sea were investigated using logbook data from four Taiwanese commercial otter trawlers. Fluctuations in population size, population density index and the distribution of catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort are discussed. The CPUE data were standardized by using the generalized linear model (GLM) in which fishing month, fishing area and size category of the hairtail were taken into account. The fishing season could be divided into three episodes: aggregation between March and April, dispersion between May and June, and aggregation again between July and December. A seasonal two-peak distribution of the population size of hairtail reflects the aggregation–dispersion pattern. The first peak in May–June can be explained in terms of the hairtails' overwintering migration. The second peak in October–December is likely to be the result of spawning aggregation. 相似文献
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Summary Breeding tobacco resistant to CMV using Holmes' resistant line was initiated in 1966. The resistance was controlled by five genes. N from N. glutinosa, rm1 and rm2 from Ambalema and t1 and t2 from T.I. 245. The genotype of Holmes' resistant line was assumed to be NNrm1rm1rm2rm2t1t1t2t2, which showed a few-small-late (FSL) lesion reaction to TMV. This reaction facilitates the selection of CMV resistant plants in a segregating population.Hicks Broadleaf was crossed to Holmes' resistant line and backcrossed to the susceptible varieties Vam-fen-Hicks, Kutsaga 51 and T.T.4. Two resistant lines, 418 and 470, were selected and tested for their CMV resistance, yield and agronomic characters in 1976–1979. The % reduction of infection rate when compared with a check was 41.8% and 52.7% respectively. The two lines outyielded the check and had slightly higher value/kg leaf tobacco and lower % midrib. They were also taller and later maturing. Line 470 showed slight leaf-wilting in the early growth stage, which disappeared after topping.Smoking tests showed that the two lines had better scores than check T.T.5. The nicotine and tar contents in the cigarette smoke stream proved that the leaf quality was acceptable. The lines 418 and 470 were registered as T.T.6 and T.T.7. 相似文献
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