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Natalie Turner Pevindu Abeysinghe Hassendrini Peiris Kanchan Vaswani Pawel Sadowski Nick Cameron Nathanael McGhee Jayden Logan Murray D Mitchell 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(2)
Cattle ticks pose a significant threat to the health and profitability of cattle herds globally. The investigation of factors leading to natural tick resistance in cattle is directed toward targeted breeding strategies that may combat cattle tick infestation on the genetic level. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 50 to 150 nm diameter, are released from all cell types into biofluids such as blood plasma and milk, have been successfully used in diagnostic and prognostic studies in humans, and can provide essential information regarding the overall health state of animals. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly sensitive proteomics application that can be used to identify proteins in a complex mixture and is particularly useful for biomarker development. In this proof of principle study, EXs were isolated from the blood plasma of cattle (Bos taurus) with high (HTR) and low tick resistance (LTR) (n = 3/group). Cattle were classified as HTR or LTR using a tick scoring system, and EXs isolated from the cattle blood plasma using an established protocol. EXs were subjected to MS analysis in data-dependent acquisition mode and protein search performed using Protein Pilot against the B. taurus proteome. A total of 490 unique proteins were identified across all samples. Of these, proteins present in all replicates from each group were selected for further analysis (HTR = 121; LTR = 130). Gene ontology analysis was performed using PANTHER GO online software tool. Proteins unique to HTR and LTR cattle were divided by protein class, of which 50% were associated with immunity/defense in the HTR group, whereas this protein class was not detected in EXs from LTR cattle. Similarly, unique proteins in HTR cattle were associated with B-cell activation, immunoglobins, immune response, and cellular iron ion homeostasis. In LTR cattle, unique exosomal proteins were associated with actin filament binding, purine nucleotide binding, plasma membrane protein complex, and carbohydrate derivative binding. This is the first study to demonstrate that MS analysis of EXs derived from the blood plasma of HTR and LTR cattle can be successfully applied to profile the systemic effects of tick burden. 相似文献
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Density and carrying capacity in the forgotten tigerland: Tigers in the understudied Nepalese Churia 
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下载免费PDF全文 While there are numerous wildlife ecology studies in lowland areas of Nepal, there are no in‐depth studies of the hilly Churia habitat even though it comprises 7642 km2 of potential wildlife habitat across the Terai Arc. We investigated tiger, leopard and prey densities across this understudied habitat. Our camera trapping survey covered 536 km2 of Churia and surrounding areas within Chitwan National Park (CNP). We used 161 trapping locations and accumulated 2097 trap‐nights in a 60‐day survey period during the winter season of 2010–2011. In addition, we walked 136 km over 81 different line transects using distance sampling to estimate prey density. We photographed 31 individual tigers, 28 individual leopards and 25 other mammalian species. Spatial capture–recapture methods resulted in lower density estimates for tigers, ranging from 2.3 to 2.9 tigers per 100 km2, than for leopards, which ranged from 3.3 to 5.1 leopards per 100 km2. In addition, leopard densities were higher in the core of the Churia compared to surrounding areas. We estimated 62.7 prey animals per 100 km2 with forest ungulate prey (sambar, chital, barking deer and wild pig), accounting for 47% of the total. Based on prey availability, Churia habitat within CNP could potentially support 5.86 tigers per 100 km2 but our density estimates were lower, perhaps indicating that the tiger population is below carrying capacity. Our results demonstrate that Churia habitat should not be ignored in conservation initiatives, but rather management efforts should focus on reducing human disturbance to support higher predator numbers. 相似文献
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Investigation of an extract from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya semiplena, collected in Tumon Bay, Guam, led to the identification of three new cyclodepsipeptides, lyngbyastatins 8–10 (1–3). The structures of 1–3 were determined by NMR, MS, ESIMS fragmentation and chemical degradation. Compounds 1–3 are closely related to lyngbyastatins 4–7. Like the latter compounds, we found 1–3 to inhibit porcine pancreatic elastase, with IC50 values of 123 nM, 210 nM and 120 nM, respectively. 相似文献
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The effects of inoculation of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi namely, Glomus mosseae, Glomus sinuosum, and Scutellospora erythropa in addition to Pseudomonas fluorescens and treatment with mustard oil cake on root-rot disease of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L plants caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were evaluated under polyhouse conditions for 2 years. Inoculations of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination
with P. fluorescens and mustard oil cake showed best supporting biocontrol system against the root-rot disease besides increasing the plant height,
weight, and yield. The biocontrolling efficiency of dual inoculation (AMF + P. fluorescens) was the second best combination followed by AM plus mustard oil cake. Among the three AM fungi, G. mosseae inoculations showed the best results. Different combined AMF inoculations also altered the concentrations of total soluble
sugars, orthodihydric phenols, flavonols, and epicuticular wax contents in host plants. 相似文献
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is an alarming life style disease in the modern world. Exploitation of the anti-diabetic drugs for the amelioration of diabetes and associated life style diseases has become an imperative concern. In this milieu, this study was designed to explore the plausible effects of metformin intervention on hepatic and renal functions in a rat model of alcoholic liver disease. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups (n = 6): ethanol control, ethanol water and also low, moderate and high doses of metformin. Ethanol 20% v/v (1 ml/100 g) was administered by oral gavage to all five groups for 21 days. Blood and tissue samples were collected for the assessment of lipid profile, hepatic and renal functions. Results: After 21 days, the levels of hepatic function and lipid parameters were maintained at normalcy, especially in the high-dose metformin treated alcoholic rats as compared to the levels at day 1. Despite this, the renal biomarkers did not display any significant variation due to ethanolic exposure in any group. The histopathological score portrayed that the noxious effect of ethanol is prevented in the liver of moderate- and high-dose metformin, whereas the renal histological scores were unchanged in all the groups including ethanol control. Conclusion: These results suggest that the dose of ethanol required to induce hepatic dysfunction does not influence renal functions. In addition, high-dose metformin offers maximal hepatoprotection and spares kidney from per se toxicity, thereby advocating the beneficial intervention of the anti-diabetic drug, metformin, in alcoholic liver dysfunction. Key Words: Ethanol, Metformin, Kidney 相似文献
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Tapasya Babu Lawrence Datnoff John Yzenas Kanchan Maiti 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(12):1559-1577
The amount of monosilicic acid (H4SiO4), which is the plant-available form of silicon (Si), released from fertilizers can be influenced by Si source and soil properties. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted using six soil series from Louisiana to document the differences in the release characteristics of H4SiO4 from wollastonite and slag. Monosilicic acid in solution released from slag declined with time while wollastonite consistently increased its concentration across all soil suspensions well above 40 µg mL?1. Among these soil series, soils high in organic matter and clay were seen to have maximum percent sorption (up to 79%) with minimum polymerization of H4SiO4. The presence of ions like aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) enhanced the process of H4SiO4 polymerization, which led to a decrease in H4SiO4 concentration in solution. Evident relationships were observed between H4SiO4 concentration in solution with added Si sources and sorbed quantity from soil solutions. 相似文献
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A maximin–minimax approach for classifying soybean genotypes for drought tolerance based on yield potential and loss 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Screening for drought in soybean is often a bottleneck in plant breeding programmes. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance during 2012, 2013 and 2014. The experiment was conducted in a split‐plot design, and the main plots consisted of irrigated and water stress treatments, and subplots consisted of 16 genotypes. The average seed yield was highest in 2012 (1708 kg/ha), followed by 2014 (1364 kg/ha) while very low yields (958 kg/ha) were observed during 2013. The per cent reduction in average soybean yield under water stress conditions was maximum (43%) during 2014 followed by 2012 (40%) and 2013 (31%), respectively. The average yields of soybean genotypes also differed significantly, which ranged from 892 (NRC 12) to 2008 kg/ha (JS 97‐52). The maximin–minimax approach was used to classify these genotypes, and only, one genotype was identified as drought resistant and high yielding (EC 538828), three as tolerant and high yielding (JS 97‐52, EC 456548 and EC 602288) and none as low yielding and resistant, while the remaining 12 genotypes were found to be low yielding and susceptible to drought. 相似文献
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Munn DH Sharma MD Lee JR Jhaver KG Johnson TS Keskin DB Marshall B Chandler P Antonia SJ Burgess R Slingluff CL Mellor AL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5588):1867-1870
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can induce tolerance or immunity. We describe a subset of human APCs that express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. IDO-positive APCs constituted a discrete subset identified by coexpression of the cell-surface markers CD123 and CCR6. In the dendritic cell (DC) lineage, IDO-mediated suppressor activity was present in fully mature as well as immature CD123+ DCs. IDO+ DCs could also be readily detected in vivo, which suggests that these cells may represent a regulatory subset of APCs in humans. 相似文献