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1.
Summary

Flowers of Dendrobium `Pompadour' developed premature petal and sepal senescence following pollination. Pollination induced an ethylene climacteric accompanied by a small respiratory climacteric, epinasty and increased flower or inflorescence fresh weight and water uptake. Pollination did not alter petal and sepal anthocyanin content and ion leakage, and lip, petal and sepal fresh weight and dry weight. The fresh weight and dry weight of stigmas (columns) together with pedicels increased significantly after pollination. Ovary growth of pollinated orchid flowers with petals and sepals intact was greater than that of pollinated orchid flowers without petals and sepals, while their water uptake was not significantly different.  相似文献   
2.
We tested if salicylic acid (SA) can alleviate chilling injury in anthurium flowers (Anthurium andraeanum). Cut flowers of five cultivars, individually placed in water, were held at 4 °C and 12 °C. Symptoms of chilling injury (CI) were found in the flowers stored at 4 °C. These symptoms included desiccation of the spadix (the compound floral stalk) and a colour change of the spathe (the large floral bract) to pink and then to brown. The time to the CI symptoms depended on the cultivar. CI symptoms were accompanied by an increase in electrolyte leakage, by loss of fresh weight, and by an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SA at 2.0 mM in water was applied as a 15 min dip. It delayed the CI symptoms, as well as the loss of fresh weight, the increase in electrolyte leakage, and the increase CAT and SOD activity. The data suggest that CI in this system is related to an increase in the concentrations of active oxygen species.  相似文献   
3.
To evaluate the fate of deoxynivalenol (DON) in broilers, DON was administered either intravenously or orally to broilers at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of DON in plasma were measurable up to 4 hr and 2 hr after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the values for the elimination half-life, the volume of distribution and the clearance were 1.25 ± 0.25 hr, 7.55 ± 2.03 l/kg and 4.16 ± 0.42 l/hr/kg, respectively. The oral bioavailability was 15.46 ± 4.02%. DON was detectable in all tissues examined after oral administration. These results suggest that DON is able to penetrate into the various tissues in broilers, though poorly absorbed from their gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   
4.
Summary

The relationship between fruit size and juice content and chemical composition of tangerine was studied. The results showed an increase in juice content and in the total soluble solids: titrable acidity ratio. There was a decline in total soluble solids and in titrable acidity with increasing fruit size but there was an inconsistent change in ascorbic acid with increasing fruit size.  相似文献   
5.
Leaves of lemon basil (Ocimum × citriodourum) were stored in sealed polyethylene bags at 4 °C and 12 °C. At 4 °C, leaf browning, the visible symptom of chilling injury, occurred earlier and was more severe in mature leaves than in young leaves. No positive correlation was found, when comparing young and mature leaves stored at 4 °C, between browning and either substrate levels (free phenolics) or the activities of peroxidase or catechol oxidase, which might catalyse these reactions. The levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differed only slightly and were not correlated with chilling injury. Compared to young leaves, mature ones showed higher lipoxygenase activity throughout the period of low temperature storage. This might indicate more degradation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, mature leaves exhibited lower catalase activity than young ones. This suggests lower protection against membrane oxidation in mature leaves. The data thus suggest a correlation between lipoxygenase activity, antioxidant defense, and chilling injury.  相似文献   
6.
The colour of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit changes from green to purple black after harvest as the fruit ripens, and is used as a quality guide for growers and consumers. We determined the relationship between anthocyanin composition and content during fruit colour development in relation to fruit maturity and postharvest quality. Fruit at different stages of maturity (light greenish yellow with 5% scattered pink spots to purple black) were harvested and kept at 25 °C (85–90% RH). Fruit from each maturity stage all developed to the final purple black stage. During the postharvest period, hue angle values and pericarp firmness decreased significantly, while soluble solids contents increased. Anthocyanin contents in the outer pericarp were higher than in the inner pericarp and increased to a maximum at the final colour stage. Sensory evaluation and fruit quality (hue angle values, soluble solids and titratable acidity) of fruit harvested at the different stages did not differ once the fruit had finally developed to the purple black stage. The anthocyanins in the outer pericarp mainly consisted of five compounds, identified by HPLC/MS as cyanidin-sophoroside, cyanidin-glucoside, cyanidin-glucoside-pentoside, cyanidin-glucoside-X, cyanidin-X2 and cyanidin-X, where X denotes an unidentified residue of m/z 190, a mass which does not correspond to any common sugar residue. Cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were the major compounds and the only ones that increased with fruit colour development.  相似文献   
7.
Identification and aroma impact of norisoprenoids in orange juice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Four norisoprenoids, alpha-ionone, beta-ionone, beta-cyclocitral, and beta-damascenone, along with their putative carotenoid precursors, were identified in Valencia orange juice using time-intensity GC-O, GC-MS, and photodiode array HPLC. alpha-Ionone and beta-cyclocitral are reported in orange juice for the first time. GC-O aroma peaks were categorized into seven groups with similar sensory qualities: citrus/minty, metallic/mushroom/geranium, roasted/cooked/meaty/spice, fatty/soapy/green, sulfury/solventy/medicine, floral, and sweet fruity. The four norisoprenoids contributed approximately 8% of the total aroma intensity and 78% of the total floral aroma category. The putative carotenoid norisoprenoid precursors, alpha- and beta-carotene, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, and neoxanthin, were identified in the same orange juice using photodiode array HPLC retention times and spectral characteristics.  相似文献   
8.
Flowers of Dendrobium cv. Kenny were hand-pollinated using pollinia from cv. Sakura. This resulted in a large increase in flower ethylene emission and rapid perianth (tepal) senescence. The increase in flower ethylene emission was correlated in time with an increase in ethylene emitted by the column (the fused stigma, style and stamens) plus the ovary. No ethylene emission was observed from perianth parts that were isolated at various periods after pollination. The increased ethylene emission by the column plus ovary was correlated with an increase in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity in these flower parts. The perianth parts, in contrast, only showed an increase in ACC oxidase activity, following pollination. The data show that pollination-induced early perianth senescence in Dendrobium is mediated by increased ethylene biosynthesis by the column + ovary, and not due to increased ethylene biosynthesis in the perianth parts. Apparently, ethylene synthesized in the gynoecium diffuses to the perianth parts where it induces senescence. The data are very similar to those found previously in pollinated Phaleanopsis orchids and in emasculated Cymbidium orchids, with the exception that ethylene was emitted from the tepals of these two orchids and not from Dendrobium.  相似文献   
9.
Summary

Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Nam Dokmai) fruits chilled for 21 d at 48C were firmer than non-chilled fruits during subsequent ripening at 258C. The cell wall contents of chilled fruit contained less water-soluble pectin, more ammonium oxalate-soluble pectin and less alkali-soluble pectin than non-chilled fruits. The increase in ammonium oxalate-soluble pectin was at the expense of the alkali-soluble pectin and correlated with high pectinesterase activity in the fruit from low-temperature storage. Polygalacturonase and b-galactosidase activities were inhibited in chilled fruits. The relationships between delay in loss of firmness, and differences between activity of cell wall enzymes and pectin content of chilled and non-chilled fruits are discussed.  相似文献   
10.
To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for Hawksbill turtles. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in Hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at dosage 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The study (parallel design) used 10 Hawksbill turtles randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 144 hr. The concentrations of TA in plasma were quantified by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The concentration of TA in the experimental turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The Cmax values of TA were 89.33 ± 6.99 µg/ml following i.m. administration. The elimination half-life values were 38.92 ± 6.31 hr and 41.09 ± 9.32 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 94.46%, and the average binding percentage of TA to plasma protein was 31.39%. TA demonstrated a long half-life and high bioavailability following i.m. administration. Therefore, the i.m. administration is recommended for use in clinical practice because it is both easier to perform and provides similar plasma concentrations to the i.v. administration. However, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of TA for treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.  相似文献   
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