Isolation of Blast Fungal Cerebroside Elicitor-responsive Genes in Rice Plants     

Kazutoshi SAWADA  Michiaki IWATA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):128-133

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Detection of DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms in Streptococcus equi     

Takai S  Anzai T  Yashiro H  Ishii C  Tsubaki S  Wada R  Timoney JF 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(6):159-161

Large-restriction-fragment (LRF) polymorphisms in Streptococcus equi (S equi subspecies equi) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Five or six chromosomal fragments of between 194 and 915 kb were separated by digestion with the restriction endonuclease Notl. All 20 isolates of S equi, including 12 from independent Japanese outbreaks, four from independent American outbreaks, two from a single Irish outbreak, us vaccine strain F43, and type strain NCTC 9682 were successfully typed. Seven distinctive, reproducible and stable types were identified. The 12 Japanese isolates collected between 1992 and 1998 were of LRF type II suggesting that they were derived from the same source. The remaining eight isolates were of six types. The results indicate that LRF typing should be a useful technique for investigating the source and transmission of S equi.  相似文献   

Genetic organization of aromatic rice as revealed by RAPD markers: A case study in conserving crop genetic resources on farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shuichi Fukuoka  Suu D Tran  Kaworu Ebana  Trinh N Luu  Tsukasa Nagamine  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):61-71

Summary On-farm conservation of landraces is one strategy to maintain the diversity of crop germplasm in local agro-ecosystems. The genetic structures of landraces are a key biological factor in on-farm conservation strategies. To accumulate a genetic understanding that will help establish a methodology for on-farm conservation, the genetic organization of landraces of aromatic rice in Namdinh province, Vietnam was analyzed using RAPD markers. Eighteen RAPD markers detected 38 genotypes among 320 aromatic rice samples growing at 23 sites of farmers' fields and in the experimental field that derived from 13 sites. Geographical variation was observed in the frequency of genotypes, whereas individual landraces could not be distinguished by RAPD markers. Genetic variation within a site was generally smaller than that among sites. The degree of genetic similarity of the plants in a site varied among sites, as did the number of genotypes. Changes in genetic structure over time were investigated using experimental populations each derived from approximately 30 plants from 13 farmers' fields. The differences detected by DNA markers between the genetic structural in the farmers' fields and those in experimental fields suggested that genetic drift is a major cause of these differences. The present study suggests that DNA markers are an essential means to monitor the genetic structures of heterogeneous landraces of rice, and are useful for selecting study sites for the on-farm conservation of genetic diversity as well as for successive monitoring.  相似文献   

QTL analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat by using markers for expressed sequence tags and photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes     

Takashi Hara  Hiroyoshi Iwata  Kazutoshi Okuno  Katsuhiro Matsui  Ryo Ohsawa 《Breeding Science》2011,61(4):394-404

Photoperiod sensitivity is an important trait related to crop adaptation and ecological breeding in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Although photoperiod sensitivity in this species is thought to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), no genes or regions related to photoperiod sensitivity had been identified until now. Here, we identified QTLs controlling photoperiod sensitivity by QTL analysis in a segregating F₄ population (n = 100) derived from a cross of two autogamous lines, 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self and C0408-0 RP. The F₄ progenies were genotyped with three markers for photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes, which were identified based on homology to photoperiod-sensitivity genes in Arabidopsis and 76 expressed sequence tag markers. Among the three photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes (FeCCA1, FeELF3 and FeCOL3) identified in common buckwheat, FeELF3 was associated with photoperiod sensitivity. Two EST regions, Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6, were associated with photoperiod sensitivity and explained 20.0% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. For both EST regions, the allele from 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self led to early flowering. An epistatic interaction was also confirmed between Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6. These results demonstrate that photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat is controlled by a pathway consisting of photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes as well as multiple gene action.  相似文献   

Improved malonaldehyde assay using headspace solid-phase microextraction and its application to the measurement of the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals     

Fujioka K  Shibamoto T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4708-4713

A modified malonaldehyde (MA) assay for antioxidant activity, which involves derivatization and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was developed and validated. The recovery of MA as 1-methylpyrazole (product of MA and N-methylhydrazine) from a headspace of an aqueous solution containing MA, buffer, surfactant, and cod liver oil using HS-SPME with a PDMS/DVB fiber was 91.3 +/- 3.38%. MA was analyzed by a gas chromatograph with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector, and its detection limit was 0.0103 nmol/mL. The antioxidant activities of natural compounds were determined as the percentage inhibition of MA formed from cod liver oil oxidized by Fenton's reagents in the above aqueous solution. Sesamol inhibited MA formation most (86.1%), followed by eugenol (84.4%), capsaicin (80.7%), ethylvanillin (45.3%), and vanillin (31.6%) at a level of 50 microg/mL. This method did not require any organic solvents and is a simple, fast, and a highly sensitive method for MA determination.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Surface Sediments along a Creek in a Mangrove Forest     

Kazutoshi Kinjo  Yoshihiro Tokashiki  Kazuhiro Sato  Makoto Kitou  Moritaka Shimo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(6):809-817

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Comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities     

Lapuz RR  Umali DV  Suzuki T  Shirota K  Katoh H 《Avian diseases》2012,56(1):29-34

A comparison on the prevalence of Salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. Out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (Salmonella Infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. In contrast, layer hens sampled from four commercial layer farms with low rodent densities were negative for any salmonellae. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the isolation rates of Salmonella from various organs of infected layer hens were also noted. For Salmonella Enteritidis, liver (55.0%) and the oviduct (55.0%) had the highest isolation rates while all Salmonella Infantis isolates were from the oviduct. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of BlnI-digested chromosomal DNA of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from layer hens and rodents showed similar patterns. PFGE analysis of Salmonella Infantis isolated from layer hens, rodents, eggs, and the environment yielded identical patterns. In this study, the significantly higher prevalence rate (P < 0.05) of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Infantis in layer hens from high rodent density farms could be attributed to the high rodent population density. The persistent Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Infantis infection inside layer houses may have been amplified by the increasing numbers in the rodent population over the years, which increased the opportunity for environment-rodent-chicken interaction and the transmission of salmonellae to chickens. Monitoring of salmonellae from rodents inside poultry premises is recommended to be an effective additional tool in the assessment of the Salmonella status of layer flocks.  相似文献   

Mapping the QTLs underlying drought stress at developmental stage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by association analysis     

Shazia Sakhi  Tariq Shehzad  Shafiqur Rehman  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》2013,193(3):433-450

This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by association mapping using a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-marker-based diversity research set. Genotypic data for 98 SSR marker loci on ten chromosomes were used for the association analysis. The experiment was conducted under control (well-watered) and drought stress conditions, and the phenotypic values of 23 morphological traits were recorded. Drought tolerance was assessed by using a leaf drying score as a parameter of the tolerance/susceptibility: scores were assigned on a scale from 1 (most tolerant) to 9 (most susceptible). Under the control conditions, 17 QTLs associated with 12 traits were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 10, with ?Log₁₀ (P) ranging from 2.5 to 7.6 and explaining 9.5–57.5 % of the total phenotypic variance for the traits. Under the drought stress conditions, nine QTLs associated with 8 traits were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 10 that explained 9–61.2 % of the total phenotypic variance for the traits, with ?Log₁₀ (P) ranging from 2.5 to 3.5. QTLs for some traits were detected only under the drought stress condition, suggesting that these traits are important in drought tolerance. These QTLs could be used to further dissect the genetic and physiological basis of drought tolerance in sorghum.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Recombinant Forms of the Shiga Toxin Variant Stx2eB Subunit and Non-Toxic Mutant Stx2e as Vaccine Candidates against Porcine Edema Disease     

Toshio SATO  Takeshi MATSUI  Eiji TAKITA  Yumiko KADOYAMA  Sou-Ichi MAKINO  Ko KATO  Kazutoshi SAWADA  Takashi HAMABATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(10):1309-1315

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The influence of barley malt protein modification on beer foam stability and their relationship to the barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I) as a possible foam-promoting protein   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Okada Y  Iimure T  Takoi K  Kaneko T  Kihara M  Hayashi K  Ito K  Sato K  Takeda K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(4):1458-1464

The foam stability of beer is one of the important key factors in evaluating the quality of beer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of malt modification (degradation of protein, starch, and so on) and the beer foam stability. This was achieved by examining foam-promoting proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). We found that the foam stability of beer samples brewed from the barley malts of cultivars B and C decreased as the level of malt modification increased; however, the foam stability of cultivar A did not change. To identify the property providing the increased foam stability of cultivar A, we analyzed beer proteins using 2DE. We analyzed three fractions that could contain beer foam-promoting proteins, namely, beer whole proteins, salt-precipitated proteins, and the proteins concentrated from beer foam. As a result, we found that in cultivar A, some protein spots did not change in any of these three protein fractions even when the level of malt modification increased, although the corresponding protein spots in cultivars B and C decreased. We analyzed these protein spots by peptide mass finger printing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, all of these spots were identified as barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I). These results suggest that BDAI-I is an important contributor to beer foam stability.  相似文献