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Moustafa GG Ibrahim ZS Ahmed MM Ghoneim MH Sakamoto KQ Ishizuka M Fujita S 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2008,56(2):109-118
The health hazards of individual organophosphorus insecticides have been characterized by their acute toxicity, mainly by investigating their cholinesterase inhibition. However, the chronic effects of most of these toxicants on the drug-metabolizing enzymes have not been investigated. Profenofos (O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in cotton cultivation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of profenofos on male-specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in adult Wistar rats. We orally administered 17.8 mg/kg body weight, twice weekly for 65 days. Profenofos downregulated levels of hepatic and testicular CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 mRNA and protein expression. Testicular aromatase (CYP19A) mRNA was decreased in the profenofos-treated rats compared to controls. Overall, the present study suggests that profenofos acts as an endocrine disruptor of male-specific CYP enzymes and affects testosterone concentration, which implicates its deleterious effects on animal or human males chronically exposed to organophosphorus pesticide. 相似文献
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Concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and Theileria annulata was diagnosed in a Friesian calf about 6 months of age at a dairy farm at the Qassim region of central Saudi Arabia. The
disease ended fatally with signs of liver and heart failure. There was anorexia, pyrexia, anaemia, generalized oedema and
jaundice. Haematology showed low RBC counts, PCV percentage and haemoglobin concentration and WBC counts. Lymphocyte differential
was high. Examination of blood smears stained with Giemsa’s stain showed the presence of piroplasms in red blood cells. Autopsy
showed enlarged lymph nodes and lymphosarcoma lesions in the omentum and the heart. There was hydroperitoneum, hydropericardium
and hydrothorax. The liver was pale yellow and friable. Impression smears from sliced lymph nodes and stained with Giemsa’s
stain showed presence of Koch’s blue bodies in lymphoblasts. Histopathological examination revealed fatty degeneration of
hepatocytes and pleomorphic lymphoblasts and giant cells in lymph nodes. Lymphoblasts infiltrated the omentum and heart tissues.
Amyloid was found around blood vessels in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes. BVL infection was diagnosed by demonstrating
antibodies against the virus in serum using agar gel immunodiffusion and was confirmed with ELISA. 相似文献
4.
Eman Mohammed Mervat Kamel Kassem El Iraqi Azza M. Tawfik Marwa S. Khattab Mabrouk Elsabagh 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1933-1941
This study evaluated the impact of dietary ginger and liquorice supplementation on growth performance, physiological and histopathological profiles and heavy metal accumulation in Nile tilapia fingerlings. Fish (n = 1,800, 17.5 ± 0.11 g BW) were randomly distributed into four treatment groups in triplicates and received no supplementation (control group), 5 ml aqueous ginger extract/kg feed (ginger group), 4 ml aqueous liquorice extract/kg feed (liquorice group) or 2.5 ml ginger plus 2 ml liquorice aqueous extracts/kg feed (mix group). The ginger‐liquorice mix supply improved the growth performance and feed efficiency (p < .05), increased the haematocrit and haemoglobin (p < .05), leucocytes (p = .108), neutrophils (p = .054), serum total protein (p < .05), albumin (p = .011) and globulin (p = .094) but decreased (p < .05) the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine than feeding liquorice or ginger lonely compared to the control. Heavy metal loads in pond water induced lamellar telangiectasis of gills and necrosis with sloughing of intestinal villi tips. These detrimental effects were alleviated, and the intestinal villus length (p = .041) and crypt depth (p = .069) were increased with liquorice supply. In all treatment groups, heavy metal contents in fish flesh were lower compared to the control. Thus, using ginger and/or liquorice aqueous extracts can decrease heavy metal accumulation in the fish flesh and exert positive effects on growth performance, metabolic profile and the intestinal and gill morphology of Nile tilapia. 相似文献
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We compared the therapeutic effect of three anticoccidial drugs (toltrazuril, sulphadimidine and amprolium) in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves experimentally infected with Eimeria bovis (E. bovis) and E. zuernii oocysts (3 x 104oocyst/calf). Buffalo calves (1.5-4 month old, 70-kg body weight) were randomly allocated into 3 groups (9 calves each). Group T was experimentally infected with oocysts and treated with toltrazuril (20 mg/kg BW twice orally at a 1-week interval). Group S was experimentally infected with oocysts and treated with sulphadimidine (125 mg/kg injected IM followed by half dose for 4 successive days). Group A was experimentally infected with oocysts and treated with amprolium (50 mg/kg orally for 7 successive days). Each group had three subgroups (three calves/subgroup) to represent timing of the drug administration: 1st day of coccidia infection (FD), onset of clinical signs of coccidiosis (CC), and onset of oocyst shedding into the faeces (OS). Clinical signs, body-weight gain (BWG) and number of oocysts per gram feces (OPG) were monitored daily for 35 days post-infection (DPI). The OPG were reduced (but the BWG was not different) in the T calves compared to S and A calves. Within the same group, treatment from the 1st day of infection reduced the OPG and increased the BWG compared to the later treatment timings. 相似文献
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Marwa El-Zeftawy Gamal B. Mahmoud Mervat Hassan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(7):870-881
Heat stress (HS) occupies huge importance nowadays as it leads to severe economic losses especially in livestock. Preserving sheep against HS is one of the governmental scopes where it represents huge percentage of global ruminant. The present research was conducted to study semen quality, some stress and inflammatory markers in Ossimi rams under both hot and mild climatic conditions. The current study was conducted on selected 46 ram samples divided into two groups during summer and winter. Semen analysis, testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR) and blood glucose (BG) levels, and lipid and protein profiles were done. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and specific activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The results in summer compared to winter revealed significant elevation of total defects and number of dead sperms; however, there was reduction in sperm total motility and concentration and external epididymal tail duct diameter. Histological study of epididymal tail lumen exhibited azoospermia. Further, TES, TIMP-3 and GSH levels were decreased and COR, TNF-α, NO and MDA were raised. Specific activities of GPx and SOD were also declined. Additionally, there was a significant increase in concentrations of BG and lipid profiles except high-density lipoprotein. Our data concluded that there were new insights into TNF-α and TIMP-3 as biomarkers can be used in diagnosis of sheep suffering from HS, but further studies are recommended to do in future work about such aspect. 相似文献
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Alharbi KB Al-Swailem A Al-Dubaib MA Al-Yamani E Al-Naeem A Shehata M Hashad ME Albusadah KA Mahmoud OM 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):173-177
Camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including Saudi Arabia. Paratuberculosis
of camels, locally called Silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the Arabian camel. Six camels were used in this
study. Five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology.
The sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. The camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological
and blood chemistry analysis. They were then humanely killed with a high intravenous dose of thiopental sodium (10 mg/kg)
for pathological studies as well as obtaining tissues for microbiological and molecular studies. The clinical signs of the
disease were emaciation, diarrhoea, alopecia, wry neck and pale mucous membranes. Laboratory diagnosis showed reduced haemoglobin
concentration, low haematocrit and high activity of the serum enzyme alanine aminotransferase. Serum creatinine concentration
was normal. These results indicated the infected camels were anaemic and the function of their livers was affected. Postmortem
examination showed thickened and corrugated intestinal mucosa, enlarged granulomatous mesenteric lymph nodes, miliary and
diffuse granulomas in the liver (in four camels), generalized lymph node granulomas (in one camel), splenic granuloma (in
one camel) and mediastinal lymph node granuloma (in two camels). Histopathological examination showed diffuse infiltration
of macrophages in all organs showing lesions. Ziehl–Neelsen staining of tissue scraping and tissue sections showed masses
of acid fast bacilli, except for the spleen. Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was confirmed by PCR by targeting the IS900 gene. 相似文献
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Sayeda M. Ali Mervat A. Hamza Gamil Amin Mohammed Fayez Mahmod El-Tahan Mohammed Monib 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):589-604
Abstract Effluent from the baker's yeast industry was experimented on as a culture medium for the growth and biomass production of diazotrophs. The effluent supported good growth of Azotobacter chroococcum, Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneuomoniae, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas putida and strongly proposed for biofertilizers production of associative diazotrophs. Slurry preparations containing natural polymers, e.g. Arabic gum (5%), pero-dextrin (20%), starch granules (10%) or gelatine (20%) were impregnated with cells of tested diazotrophs. With storage, entrapped cells of B. polymyxa were viable up to 160 days, while gradual decreases in Azospirillum numbers were recorded. Pero-dextrin, a by-product of the starch industry, was selected as the appropriate biocarrier accommodating diazotroph cells and maintaining prolonged survival rates and nitrogenase activity. Cell cultures of A. brasilense, A. chroococcum, B. polymyxa, E. agglomerans and P. putida were equally mixed and entrapped into pero-dextrin slurry biofertilizer formulation named as “BIOGRAMINA”. Tested diazotrophs successfully survived (ca. 108 cfu ml?1) in such formulation up to 6 months at both ambient and cold temperatures. The response of wheat and barley to “BIOGRAMINA” in the presence or absence of N fertilizers was evaluated in greenhouse and field trials. Highest total biological yields were recorded for inoculated plants simultaneously supplemented with rational N fertilizer dose. 相似文献
9.
Mohamed Tharwat Fahd Al-Sobayil Ahmed Ali Mahmoud Hashad S��bastien Buczinski 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(5):543-548
This study evaluated the use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of Johne’s disease in camels (Camelus dromedarius). Seventy camels with confirmed Johne’s disease were examined by ultrasonography and subsequent necropsy; 15 healthy camels were included as controls. The most outstanding findings were visible enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes in 52 (74%) camels. Lesions had either echogenic (26%; n = 18) or anechoic (69%; n = 48) capsule and the contents were either anechoic (21%; n = 15), echogenic (27%; n = 19), or heterogeneous (46%; n = 32). Clumps of echogenic tissue interspersed with fluid pockets were imaged between the intestinal loops in 9 (13%) camels. There was mild, moderate, or severe thickening and corrugation of the intestinal wall, excessive anechoic fluid in the abdominal cavity in 18 (26%) camels, increased hepatic brightness in 30 (43%) camels, and pericardial and pleural effusions in 22 (31%) camels. Sensitivity values for detecting intestinal lesions and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were 95% and 84%, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Debate regarding the biological effect of electromagnetic radiation has been recently raised. The effects of this radiation on locomotor activity are not well known. Hence, in this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to investigate the possible effects of short-term exposure to ringing or talking cellphone modes on locomotor activity. Interestingly, an hour exposure to the cellphone ringing mode did not significantly affect the fly movement speed in the negative geotaxis assay. However, the flies exposed to sending or sending–receiving ringing modes showed disturbed movement paths compared with control flies. To verify these results, third-instar larvae were tested using a crawling assay. The larvae exposed to emissions of 1 h sending-rings tended to crawl in short, random and scattered paths, whereas control larvae crawled parallel to the wall of the petri dish. On the other hand, exposure to the cellphone talking mode induced significant reduction in the movement speed of adult Drosophila. The speed of flies exposed to sending mode showed a negative regression with the time of exposure. The flies exposed to receiving-talk mode were significantly slower than the controls at all tested time intervals. Furthermore, the flies exposed to 1 or 2 h sending-talks exhibited irritated zigzag locomotor paths and hyperactivity. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to signalling cellphone electromagnetic radiation may exert locomotor disorders as evident by significant alterations in the neuro-behavioural events related to locomotor equilibrium of D. melanogaster. 相似文献