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1.
Piotr Wieczorek Dorota Miliszkiewicz Barbara Lejczak Miroslaw Soroka Pawel Kafarski 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):57-62
A series of N-(phosphonacetyl)amine derivatives were synthesized and screened for plant-growth regulating activity on Lepidium sativum L. and Cucumis sativus L. Aromatic N-(phosphonoacetyl)amines. which may be considered as possible analogues of N-acylaniline herbicides obtained by replacement of their acyl group by the phosphonacetyl moiety, exhibited significant or moderate herbicidal activity. In contrast, N-(phosphonoacetyl)amino acids and N-(phosphonoacetyl)aminophosphonic acids promoted the growth of L. sativum and C. sativus roots. 相似文献
2.
Florian M.W. Grundler Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):545-551
The induction and differentiation of feeding structures (syncytia) of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana is accompanied by drastic cellular modifications. We investigated the formation of cell wall openings which occurred during syncytium differentiation. At the beginning of syncytium induction, a callose-like layer was deposited inside of the wall of the initial syncytial cell (ISC). First wall dissolutions developed by gradual widening of plasmodesmata between the ISC and neighbouring cells. As a general thickening of syncytial cell walls blocked existing plasmodesmata, other large openings were formed by enzymatic dissolution of intact walls by putative cellulase activity. 相似文献
3.
Proteolytic activity of sea trout hatching liquid was examined towards casein and azocazein as a function of pH and temperature.
The optimum pH for caseinolytic and azocaseinolytic activities were 9.4, and 9.0, respectively. At alkaline pH the enzyme
was activated by low concentrations of Zn2+ ions (10−5 M). Maximum proteolytic activity of the hatching liquid was observed at 25°C. Temperatures exceeding 30°C caused a rapid
reduction in enzyme activity. Proteolytic activity observed at 10°C was approximately 50% of that observed at 25°C. In general,
a pseudo-Arrhenius plot indicated a Q10 of 1.6 between 6 and 25°C. 相似文献
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5.
Acid soil and associated aluminium toxicity are considered as the number one abiotic factor limiting crop production. Over
2 billion hectares of acid soils exist world-wide, both in tropical and moderate climatic zones. In Poland acid soils represent
up to60% of arable land. At soil pH < 5.0 Al ions become soluble in water and toxic to plants. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance
in crops is the only alternative to soil liming, a traditional but short term and expensive agricultural cure to raise soil
pH. Of the various cereals, barley is the most sensitive to Al toxicity. The known sources of Al tolerance in barley are limited
to old cultivars and landraces. While they represent multiple alleles of a single locus, there is no potential to improve
Al tolerance through recombination of non-allelic additive genes. In the Department of Genetics, Silesian University we have
employed induced mutations for rapid creation of variability for Al tolerance in barley. Thirteen mutants with increased levels
of tolerance to Al toxicity have been selected in M3 generation after mutagenic treatment of four barley varieties with N-methyl-N-nitroso urea (MNH) and sodium azide. Six further
Al tolerant mutants were identified in the collection of semi-dwarf mutants of the Department. All selected mutants confirmed
Al tolerance with the use of three different methods of screening, i.e., root re-growth, root tolerance index and hematoxylin
staining. Fourteen mutants exhibited significant root re-growth after 48 hour incubation with 3 ppm Al+3 and two of them, namely RL819/2 and RL820/6 were tolerant even to 6 ppm Al+3. Crosses of two selected mutants with their respective parent varieties indicated that Al tolerance in each mutant was controlled
by a single recessive gene. Out of three methods tested, the root re-growth method facilitated by hematoxylin staining proved
to be the most reliable technique for large scale testing. Double treatment with MNH or combined treatment with sodium azide
and MNH and 6hinter-incubation germination between treatments were the most successful treatment combinations for induction
of aluminium tolerance in barley.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Many spontaneous and a large number of induced mutants that show altered nodulation pattern have been isolated in pea, soybean,
common bean, faba bean, chickpea, groundnut and pigeonpea. Available information on nodulation mutants in these crops is summarised.
The importance of nodulation mutants in basic studies on plant-microbe symbiotic interactions, nitrogen fixation and breeding
of cultivars with higher yield and nitrogen fixation rate are examined. The nodulation mutants, after inoculation with specific
bacterial strains or a number of different strains, show either: no nodulation (nod-), few nodules (nod+/-), ineffective nodulation
(fix-), hyper nodulation (nod++) or hypernodulation even in the presence of otherwise inhibitory nitrate levels (nts). No
spontaneous hypernodulation or nts mutants have been found, all have been induced in independent experiments using different
cultivars of pea, soybean and common bean after mutagenising seeds. Most nodulation mutants show monogenic recessive inheritance,
though semi-dominant and dominant inheritance is also reported. Nodule number is controlled by a process known as autoregulation;
hypernodulating mutants show relaxed autoregulation. By grafting shoots of hypernodulating soybean mutant on normal nodulating
soybean, mungbean and hyacinth bean, presence of a common, translocatable signal has been shown. Nodulation mutants have contributed
to the understanding of the genetic regulation of host-symbiont interactions, nodule development and N fixation. Initially,
the hypernodulating mutants were found to be poor in yield. Using the induced hypernodulating mutant, a new soybean cultivar
‘Nitrobean 60’, has been released in Australia. This cultivar is reported to have given 15% higher yield over cv. ‘Bragg,’
and contributed a higher amount of fixed N to the following cereal crop in rotation. Prospects of using the nodulation mutants
in developing grain legume cultivars that combine high yield with high residual N, within the bioenergetic constraints, for
developing sustainable cropping systems are examined.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Volume Contents
Contents Volume 131 2003 相似文献8.
Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski Florian M.W. Grundler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(2):113-124
Plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Heterodera show a high degree of sexual dimorphism, which is reflected by different nutritional demands and differences in the structure of the induced specific syncytial feeding site in the plant. The determination of the sex of the nematode Heterodera schachtii and other related species was repeatedly reported to be dependent on trophic factors, which are provided by the induced syncytia. The structural differences of syncytia induced by H. schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed at the anatomical and ultrastructural level. Syncytia of males were induced in the root pericycle. The developing syncytium then expanded into procambial or cambial cells of the vascular cylinder. Differentiated vascular elements were not included. The expansion of the syncytium triggered the proliferation of cambial and peridermal tissues, in a manner similar to secondary growth, and the formation of additional xylem and phloem elements. In comparison to syncytia associated with females, syncytia associated with males were less hypertrophied and were composed of more cells. Distinct cell wall openings were mostly found between the few strongly hypertrophied syncytial elements at the actual feeding site in the pericycle. The ultrastructure was very similar to female-associated syncytia but showed conspicuous differences in the structure and localization of cell wall ingrowths. These ingrowths were rare and weakly developed and occurred not only at the interface with xylem elements but also at the internal and external walls of the syncytia. After feeding had ceased at the end of the third developmental stage the syncytia degenerated. 相似文献
9.
Landrault N Poucheret P Azay J Krosniak M Gasc F Jenin C Cros G Teissedre PL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):311-318
A Chardonnay white wine enriched in polyphenols was obtained by modification of winemaking and characterized by its enrichment in total polyphenolic content (1346 mg/L as compared to 316 mg/L for traditional Chardonnay) and in various individual polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins dimers B1-B4, gallic acid, cafeic acid, and caftaric acid), as determined from HPLC coupled to a diode array detector. The polyphenols-enriched white wine (W) or its ethanol-free derivative (EFW) was then administered by gavage (10 mL/kg, twice a day) for 6 weeks to rats that have been rendered diabetic by a single iv injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Treatments had no effect on the symptoms associated with hyperglycemia. However, while a reduction in plasma antioxidant capacity was associated with the diabetic state, administration of W or EFW restored plasma antioxidant capacities to a level not significantly different from that of nondiabetic control animals. In addition, the effect of both treatments was manifested by the enlargement of mesenteric arteries, as determined by quantitative histomorphometry. In summary, our study indicates that white wine, when enriched in polyphenols, is able to induce ethanol-independent in vivo effects in a model of insulin-deficient diabetes characterized by a major oxidative stress. 相似文献
10.