Genomics,genetics and breeding of tropical legumes for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers     

Chris Ojiewo  Emmanuel Monyo  Haile Desmae  Ousmane Boukar  Clare Mukankusi‐Mugisha  Mahendar Thudi  Manish K. Pandey  Rachit K. Saxena  Pooran M. Gaur  Sushil K. Chaturvedi  Asnake Fikre  NPVR Ganga Rao  CV SameerKumar  Patrick Okori  Pasupuleti Janila  Jean Claude Rubyogo  Chigeza Godfree  Essegbemon Akpo  Lucky Omoigui  Stanley Nkalubo  Berhanu Fenta  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Omari Mponda  David Okello  Mekasha Chichaybelu  Amos Miningou  Joseph Bationo  Dramane Sako  Sory Diallo  Candidus Echekwu  Muhammad Lawan Umar  Richard Oteng‐Frimpong  Haruna Mohammed  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):487-499

Legumes are important components of sustainable agricultural production, food, nutrition and income systems of developing countries. In spite of their importance, legume crop production is challenged by a number of biotic (diseases and pests) and abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought and salinity), edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient deficits) and policy issues (where less emphasis is put on legumes compared to priority starchy staples). Significant research and development work have been done in the past decade on important grain legumes through collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects as well as the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (CRP‐GL). Through these initiatives, genomic resources and genomic tools such as draft genome sequence, resequencing data, large‐scale genomewide markers, dense genetic maps, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and diagnostic markers have been developed for further use in multiple genetic and breeding applications. Also, these mega‐initiatives facilitated release of a number of new varieties and also dissemination of on‐the‐shelf varieties to the farmers. More efforts are needed to enhance genetic gains by reducing the time required in cultivar development through integration of genomics‐assisted breeding approaches and rapid generation advancement.  相似文献   

Genomics,genetics and breeding of common bean in Africa: A review of tropical legume project     

Clare Mukankusi  Bodo Raatz  Stanley Nkalubo  Fenta Berhanu  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Katungi Enid  Rowland Chirwa  Steve Beebe 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):401-414

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop worldwide. The International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and its national partners in Africa aim to overcome production constraints of common bean and address the food, nutrition needs and market demands through development of multitrait bean varieties. Breeding is guided by principles of market‐driven approaches to develop client‐demanded varieties. Germplasm accessions from especially two sister species, P. coccineus and P. acutifolius, have been utilized as sources of resistance to major production constraints and interspecific lines deployed. Elucidation of plant mechanisms governing pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and grain nutritional quality guides the selection methods used by the breeders. Molecular markers are used to select for resistance to key diseases and insect pests. Efforts have been made to utilize modern genomic tools to increase scale, efficiency, accuracy and speed of breeding. Through gender‐responsive participatory variety selection, market‐demanded varieties have been released in several African countries. These new bean varieties are a key component of sustainable food systems in the tropics.  相似文献   

Market‐led options to scale up legume seeds in developing countries: Experiences from the Tropical Legumes Project     

Jean‐Claude Rubyogo  Essegbemon Akpo  Lucky Omoigui  Gaur Pooran  Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi  Asnake Fikre  Desmae Haile  Ajeigbe Hakeem  Emmanuel Monyo  Stanley Nkalubo  Berhanu Fenta  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Omari Mponda  David Okello  Mekasha Chichaybelu  Amos Miningou  Joseph Bationo  Dramane Sako  Zoumana Kouyate  Sory Diallo  Richard Oteng‐Frimpong  Julius Yirzagla  Teryima Iorlamen  Umar Garba  Haruna Mohammed  Chris Ojiewo  Alpha Kamara  Rajeev Varshney  Shyam Narayan Nigam  Pasupuleti Janila  Hajisaheb Lalasab Nadaf  Sylvia Kalemera 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):474-486

There are several hurdles to ensure sustainable seed production and consistent flow of improved legume varieties in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The unreliable demand, autogamous nature of most of the grain legumes, and slow variety replacement rate by smallholder farmers do not provide strong incentive for private seed companies to invest in legume seed business. Unless a well thought‐out and comprehensive approach to legume seed delivery is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities. The experiences reported here are collated through a 10‐year partnership project, the Tropical Legumes in SSA and SA. It fostered innovative public–private partnerships in joint testing of innovative market‐led seed systems, skills and knowledge enhancement, de‐risking private sector initiatives that introduced in new approaches and previously overlooked entities in technology delivery. As new public and private seed companies, individual seed entrepreneurs and farmer organizations emerged, the existing ones enhanced their capacities. This resulted in significant rise in production, availability and accessibility of various seed grades of newly improved and farmer demanded legume varieties in the target countries.  相似文献