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Reena Kamal Triveni Dutt Manjunath Patel Amitava Dey Panch Kishore Bharti Poolangulam Chinnakkan Chandran 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):701-706
In tropical countries, at high temperatures, several physiological rearrangements occur in cows as they attempt to facilitate heat dissipation and/or reduce metabolic heat production. Following exposure to heat, cattle appear to acclimatize within 2–7 weeks. The failure of homeostasis at high temperatures may lead to reduced productivity or even death. The situation is even worse when humidity adds to high temperature. Livestock with elevated body temperature exhibit lower DMI and growth with less efficiency, reducing profitability for dairy farms in hot and humid climates. Shading of feed and water also offers production advantages. Although several elaborate methods for reducing heat stress in cows have been reported, simple shade materials appear to be the most cost-effective methods that are currently applicable to tropical developing countries. Different materials are being used to provide shade during warm weather. The shade material determines the microclimate—it should be light, strong, durable, weatherproof, good looking and a bad conductor of heat, and free from tendency to condense moisture inside. This review discusses various shade materials and their advantages and disadvantages in different situations. 相似文献
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Blended oils comprising coconut oil (CNO) and rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO) with saturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid at a ratio of 1:1:1 and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio of 0.8-1 enriched with nutraceuticals were prepared. Blended oils (B) were subjected to interesterification reaction using sn-1,3 specific Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Fatty acid composition and nutraceutical contents of the blended oil were not affected by interesterification reaction. Male Wistar rats were fed with AIN-76 diet containing 10% fat from CNO, RBO, SESO, CNO+RBO blend (B), CNO+SESO(B), CNO+RBO interesterified (I), or CNO+SESO(I) for 60 days. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were reduced by 23.8, 32.4, and 13.9%, respectively, in rats fed CNO+RBO(B) and by 20.5, 34.1, and 12.9%, respectively, in rats fed CNO+SESO(B) compared to rats given CNO. Rats fed interesterified oils showed a decrease in serum TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and TAGs in CNO+RBO(I) by 35, 49.1, and 23.2 and by 33.3, 47, and 19.8% in CNO+SESO(I), respectively, compared to rats given CNO. Compared to rats fed CNO+RBO blended oils, rats on CNO+RBO interesterified oil showed a further decrease of 14.6, 24.7, and 10% in TC, LDL-C, and TAG. Rats fed CNO+SESO interesterified oils showed a decrease in serum TC, LDL-C, and TAG by 16.2, 19.6, and 7.8%, respectively, compared to rats given blended oils of CNO+SESO (B). Liver lipid analysis also showed significant change in the TC and TAG concentration in rats fed blended and interesterified oils of CNO+RBO and CNO+SESO compared to the rats given CNO. The present study suggests that feeding fats containing blended oils with balanced fatty acids lowers serum and liver lipids. Interesterified oils prepared using Lipase have a further lowering effect on serum and liver lipids even though the fatty acid composition of blended and interesterified oils remained same. These studies indicated that the atherogenic potentials of a saturated fatty acid containing CNO can be significantly decreased by blending with an oil rich in unsaturated lipids in appropriate amounts and interesterification of blended oil. 相似文献
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Summary Several types of outcrossing mechanisms in cowpeas are observed in breeding plots at IITA. Two of these have been studied. One is genetic male sterility controlled by the simple recessive conditions of a gene designated as ms
2
ms
2. The other is mechanical male sterility involving petals constricted in such a way as to provide an opening for stigma and style to emerge at an early, pre-receptive stage of development; while simultaneously restricting stamen development. It is also inherited as a recessive character with the gene symbol designation of Cp-as normal and cp cp as constricted petal. The flower structure is unique and is easily recognized in large populations. Because fruit set is extremely poor it appears less promising than the genetic male sterility at present. 相似文献
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Development of kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI)-free soybean is crucial for soy-food industry as the heat inactivation employed to inactivate the anti-nutritional factor in regular soybean incurs extra cost and affects protein solubility. In the presented work, a null allele of KTI from PI542044 was introgressed into cultivar ‘JS97-52’ (recurrent parent) through marker assisted backcrossing. Foreground selection in BC1F2, BC2F2 and BC3F2 was carried out using the null allele-specific marker in tandem with SSR marker Satt228, tightly linked with a trypsin inhibitor Ti locus. Background selection in null allele-carrying plants through 106 polymorphic SSR markers across the genome led to the identification of 9 KTI-free lines exhibiting 98.6% average recurrent parent genome content (RPGC) after three backcrosses, which otherwise had required 5–6 backcrosses through conventional method. Introgressed lines (ILs) were free from KTI and yielded at par with recurrent parent. Reduction of 68.8–83.5% in trypsin inhibitor content (TIC) in ILs compared to the recurrent parent (‘JS97-52’) was attributed to the elimination of KTI. 相似文献
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KRT2.13 is a type II keratin wool intermediate filament (IF) protein. Extensive variation was revealed in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the ovine KRT2.13 gene (KRT2.13) using polymerase chain reaction – single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis. Nine unique PCR‐SSCP patterns were obtained with individual sheep having either one (homozygous), or a combination of two (heterozygous) of these patterns. Seven of the amplicons that produced the apparently homozygous patterns were successfully sequenced (GenBank FJ217670 – FJ217676), revealing eight single nucleotide insertions, 10 single nucleotide substitutions, a nucleotide deletion and a 16 nucleotide insertion that occurred in only one of the sequences. The seven sequences showed between 85% and 95% homology to the previously identified KRT2.13 sequence (GenBank X72379). This study emphasizes the power of PCR‐SSCP analysis in genotyping, as this extensive variation was found in only 100 sheep, of a variety of breeds. Since variation in the 5′UTR of genes may affect their expression, this genetic variation needs to be further studied to establish its role if any, in influencing gene expression and consequently wool traits. 相似文献
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Selenium and vitamin E increases polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis and antioxidant levels during acute mastitis in riverine buffaloes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reena Mukherjee 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):305-313
Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and phagocytic activities were studied in milk polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) isolated from
healthy buffaloes (group I) and during clinical mastitis with the treatment of Enrofloxacin alone (group II) and combined
treatment with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus selenium (group III). On days 0,3, 8 and 15 the milk Somatic cell count (SCC)
were significantly higher in mastitic milk than in milk obtained from healthy buffaloes. In group II SCC decreased significantly
on day 3 and day 8, however in group III reduction in SCC was observed on day 3, day 8 and day 15 (P < 0.05). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by determining nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production in the milk PMNs
before treatment and on day 8. NOx activity was significantly higher in mastitic milk than from healthy controls, both before
and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II and group III the activity decreased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was estimated in the milk polymorphonuclear cell (PMNs) supernatant.
GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes than in healthy controls, both before and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II levels did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III levels had increased significantly
on day 8 (P < 0.05). The phagocytic activity (PA) (percentage of neutrophil that had phagocytosed 1–6 bacteria) and phagocytic index
(PI) (average number of bacteria/ leukocytes counted in 100 cells) of the milk PMNs was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes
(P < 0.05). In group II the PA and PI did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III both the parameters had
increased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The results of the present experiment indicated enhancement of antioxidative and cellular defense and reduction
of somatic cell count in the mastitic animals treated with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus Selenium as compared to the Enrofloxacin
treatment alone. Hence Vitamin E plus selenium therapy may be added along with the antibiotics for effective amelioration
of intramammary infection in buffaloes. 相似文献
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The immuno therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) was studied during bovine clinical mastitis (CM). The somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), milk differential
leukocyte count (DLC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2
−) production and interleukin- 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) cytokines expression were studied before and after intramammary
infusion of A. indica extract in diseased cows. The results revealed that A. indica treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the SCC, TBC, milk neutrophil percent and significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced milk lymphocyte percent, H2O2 and O2
− production by milk cells. The IL-2 and IFN-γ were expressed in normal healthy cows and diseased cows after A. indica treatment, whereas both the cytokines could not be expressed in cows treated with antibiotic and in untreated diseased cows.
The results of the present study indicated anti inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory potential of the herb, these
activities could be due to the presence of bioactive principle in the extract. This is a preliminary trial indicated beneficial
effect of the herb against bovine mastitis it can be developed as an alternative therapy where the use of antibiotics is normally
restricted. 相似文献
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Suyal Renu Jugran Arun K. Bhatt Indra D. Rawal Ranbeer S. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(7):2383-2397
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle is an important medicinal herb of the family Asparagaceae used to cure several ailments. The rhizome of the species... 相似文献