排序方式： 共有59条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Sylwia Goławska Iwona Sprawka Iwona Łukasik Artur Goławski 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):173-180
The effects of two polyphenolic flavonoids (flavanone naringenin and flavonol quercetin) on development, fecundity, and mortality of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were determined in vitro, on an artificial diets. Also determined in vitro (DC EPG method), on sucrose–agarose gels, were the effects of flavonoids on the probing and feeding behavior of adult apterae. When added to a liquid diet, higher concentrations of studied flavonoids increased the developmental time, the pre-reproductive period, and mortality and decreased fecundity and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of A. pisum. In most events associated with stylet activity (as indicated by EPG waveform g-C), differences in probing behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids; quercetin at 10, 100, and 1,000 µg cm?3 prolonged the number of gel penetrations; and quercetin only at 10,000 μg cm?3 prolonged the time the first g-C waveform was observed. Addition of flavonoids to the gels generally reduced passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). At higher concentrations (>1,000 µg cm?3) the flavonoids completely stopped salivation (EPG waveform g-E1) and passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). In events associated with active ingestion (EPG waveform g-G), however, differences in feeding behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids. The present findings demonstrate detrimental effects of the flavanone naringenin and flavonol on the behavior of the pea aphid. This can be employed in a biotechnological projects for plant breeding resistant to herbivores, including aphids. 相似文献
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Andrzej K Siwicki Zdzis&#;aw Zak&#;&#; John C Fuller Jr Steven Nissen Sylwia Trapkowska Edward G&#;&#;bski Agata Kowalska Krzytof Kazu&#; & El&#;bieta Terech-Majewska 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):127-131
Studies have shown that in both in vitro and in vivo tests, β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response and protection against diseases in animals. The present study examines the influence of HMB on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate was fed in a pelleted ration of 50 mg kg?1 feed day?1 for 4 weeks. Blood was drawn from 12 HMB‐fed and control‐fed pikeperch. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities in the plasma, total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and total serum protein were analysed prior to and then after 2 and 4 weeks of HMB ingestion. After 4 weeks of HMB ingestion, a challenge test was performed by injecting the fish with live pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate at a dose of 50 mg kg?1 feed resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the lysozyme activity of the plasma, total Ig, and serum protein levels. Additionally, reduced mortality (40%) after the in vivo challenge with pathogenic A. salmonicida suggested that HMB‐activated nonspecific protection against furunculosis in pikeperch. 相似文献
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Katarzyna Makowska Sylwia Oleszczuk Aleksandra Zimny Andrzej Czaplicki Janusz Zimny 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(6):668-674
Variable efficiency of androgenesis remains a serious problem in many species of cereals. It is still unclear what makes certain genotypes more amenable to androgenesis than others. This study was undertaken to quantify the previously suspected advantage of winter barley genotypes over spring ones with regard to regeneration efficiency in anther culture. The material consisted of 40 barley hybrids originating from Polish breeding companies. The number of androgenic structures per 100 anthers did not differ significantly between analysed groups (119 vs. 152 non‐significant), but the average regeneration of green plants per 100 anthers was five times higher in winter genotypes (6.4 vs. 1.3). The incidence of albinism was lower for the winter than for the spring materials (70% vs. 90%), while the rate of spontaneous chromosome doubling was similar in both groups (58% vs. 56%). The results strongly support the notion that winter genotypes are more amenable to androgenesis and this may be a consequence of their better adaptation to stress conditions. 相似文献
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The characteristics of transport and transformation of SO2, NOx and O3 in northeast Asia have been investigated by using a comprehensive regional air quality model (RAQM) driven by a meteorological model MM5. A study period of 1-15 March 2002 has been selected due to the availability of intense observation of chemical species for both ground and upper levels. Model results have been compared against observational data to provide insights into the strength and weakness of the model’s ability and the evolutionary features of chemical species. Validation shows a good skill of this model system in reproducing most of the key features in long-range transport, but apparent bias still remains due to a series of uncertainties from either emission estimates, prescribed parameters, or inherent model limitations. In general, this model shows a better skill for SO2 and O3 than for NOx. Large discrepancy occurs between the observed and calculated NOx concentration at higher levels, with the model results being much lower. A series of sensitivity tests have been conducted to investigate the potential affecting factors and it is found that the inaccuracy or incompleteness in currently used emission inventories could be a most likely cause for such discrepancy. Long-range transport from Asian continent to the western Pacific is pronounced in springtime. Substantially high concentrations of SO2 and NOx in or above the boundary layer (0.5～3.0 km) over the Yellow Sea suggest an important pathway for long-range transport in northeast Asia. 相似文献
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Dorigo B Schalch T Kulangara A Duda S Schroeder RR Richmond TJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5701):1571-1573
Chromatin folding determines the accessibility of DNA constituting eukaryotic genomes and consequently is profoundly important in the mechanisms of nuclear processes such as gene regulation. Nucleosome arrays compact to form a 30-nanometer chromatin fiber of hitherto disputed structure. Two competing classes of models have been proposed in which nucleosomes are either arranged linearly in a one-start higher order helix or zigzag back and forth in a two-start helix. We analyzed compacted nucleosome arrays stabilized by introduction of disulfide cross-links and show that the chromatin fiber comprises two stacks of nucleosomes in accord with the two-start model. 相似文献
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Patryk Oleszczuk 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,175(1-4):15-32
In order to improve properties of compost produced from sewage sludge, a wide range of additives is used. The aim of the present study has been to determine the influence of fly ash and sawdust on the range of losses of 16 PAHs (US EPA). Composting was carried out in containers in which there was sewage sludge (100%), sewage sludge with fly ash added (20 or 30% w/w) and sewage sludge with sawdust added (30% w/w). Composting was carried out for 353 days. Then the compost obtained was stored for another 300 days. The content of 16 PAHs was determined using the HPLC-UV method. After composting, in all the experimental treatments, ie, with sludge alone, and with the additions of 20% and 30% fly ash, and sawdust, decreases in the total PAH load of 87.5, 83.4, 82.9 and 88.1% respectively, were found. The content of the total PAH load was mainly determined by 3-ring compounds. In the case of these last PAHs the highest level of their disappearance (> 90%) was noted after composting. In all composts obtained, the content of PAHs was within allowable limits for biosolids that can be used for agricultural purposes. A significant lowering of total concentration of the 16 PAHs after storage period was noted only in the experimental variant with 20% of fly ash. However, the process of composts storage influenced individual PAHs. 相似文献
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Monika Ruszkowska Anna Nynca Lukasz Paukszto Agnieszka Sadowska Sylwia Swigonska Karina Orlowska Tomasz Molcan Jan P.Jastrzebski Renata E.Ciereszko 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(1)
Background: Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) may regulate gene expression in numerous biological processes including cellular response to xenobiotics.The exposure of living organisms to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD),a persistent environmental contaminant,results in reproductive defects in many species including pigs.The aims of the study were to identify and characterize lncRNAs in porcine granulosa cells as well as to examine the effects of TCDD on the lncRNA expression profile in the cells.Results: One thousand six hundred sixty-six lncRNAs were identified and characterized in porcine granulosa cells.The identified lncRNAs were found to be shorter than mRNAs.In addition,the number of exons was lower in lncRNAs than in m RNAs and their exons were longer.TCDD affected the expression of 22 lncRNAs(differentially expressed lncRNAs [DELs]; log2 fold change ≥ 1,P-adjusted 0.05) in the examined cells.Potential functions of DELs were indirectly predicted via searching their target cis-and trans-regulated protein-coding genes.The coexpression analysis revealed that DELs may influence the expression of numerous genes,including those involved in cellular response to xenobiotics,dioxin metabolism,endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell proliferation.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR) and cytochrome P450 1 A1(CYP1 A1) were found among the trans-regulated genes.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the identified lncRNAs may constitute a part of the regulatory mechanism of TCDD action in granulosa cells.To our knowledge,this is the first study describing lncRNAs in porcine granulosa cells as well as TCDD effects on the lncRNA expression profile.These results may trigger new research directions leading to better understanding of molecular processes induced by xenobiotics in the ovary. 相似文献
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Sylwia Magdalena Okoń Maria Chrząstek Krzysztof Kowalczyk Aneta Koroluk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(1):9-12
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. avenae Em. Marchal. is a deleterious foliar disease of common oat which occurs in many parts of the world. Resistance existing in oat cultivars is broken down by new races of this pathogen and because of this fact there is necessity to look for new and effective sources of resistance to powdery mildew in oat. To identify new potential resistance sources to powdery mildew, a total of 67 oat genotypes from five different species Avena sterilis, A. fatua, A. sativa, A. maroccana and A. murphyi and 20 powdery mildew isolates were investigated for disease reactions. Among tested oat accessions the highest level of resistance was associated with A. maroccana genotypes. Genotypes belonging to species of A. murphi and A. sterilis also showed a good level of resistance. Identified genotypes could be used in oat breeding programmes to improve levels of resistance to powdery mildew. 相似文献