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Statistical control charts were used to detect process change in pig production. Two charts were tested to detect small deviations in production processes: the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used for developing an optimal design of the EWMA and the CUSUM charts. The traits piglets born in total and the return to oestrus rate were considered. Over a given time period, small shifts were purposely implemented to test the performance of the charts. The average time to signal (ATS) and false positive rate (FPR) were taken as classification parameters to evaluate the performance of the charts. All shifts in the number of piglets born in total were detected with CUSUM and EWMA control charts. The trait piglets born in total showed an ATS ranging from 1.3 (FPR = 33.5%) to 6.8 weeks (FPR = 1.2%) using the CUSUM chart. The EWMA chart presented an ATS which ranged between 2.0 (FPR = 14.9%) and 6.3 (FPR = 1.9%) weeks. The application of the CUSUM to the return to oestrus rate resulted in an ATS of 2.6 (FPR = 38.3%) to 15.6 weeks (FPR = 3.0%) and the EWMA chart produced a signal between 4.1 (FPR = 14.5%) and 16.4 weeks (FPR = 1.4%). Both charts appear to be useful tools for tracking commercial swine farm processes and detecting emerging change in process performance. 相似文献
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Summary A 10×10 diallel cross experiment involving white modified opaque-2 maize inbred lines was grown at four sites. A stability analysis, based on both a combining ability and a heterotic pattern model, was developed. The stability analysis provided valuable information on the genotype x environment interaction properties of the 10 inbred lines. The Gail & Simon (1985) test for qualitative interactions provided a means of determining the nature of these interactions. The inbred, SO507W(M), is shown to have the best potential for use in a hybrid breeding programme, in terms of having the highest weighted general combining ability and line heterosis, and the best general adaptability to all four sites. The single cross, SO713W(P) x PO558W(F), has been identified as one of the genotypes to be used in a recurrent selection programme that favours specific combining ability. 相似文献
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Trevor Hohls 《Euphytica》2001,120(2):235-245
Computer simulations were conducted to determine whether conclusions obtained for the special case of a single stress and
a single non-stress environment apply to the more general situation where a population of testing environments includes a
range of stress and non-stress environments. Mean productivity, tolerance to environmental stress, and a regression coefficient
stability parameter of genotypes across environments were compared to determine conditions under which these selection criteria
should be used to improve yield across a range of contrasting environments. The results obtained from a worked example based
on the single crosses from a 7 × 7 diallel cross in maize and the simulation experiment showed that the conclusions of Rosielle
& Hamblin (1981) cannot be directly applied to a population of stress and non-stress environments. Selection for mean productivity
should increase yield in both stress and non-stress environments unless the genetic variance in stress environments is more
than double that in non-stress environments, and the genetic correlation between yields in contrasting environments is highly
negative. Mean productivity and tolerance were shown to be positively correlated even if the genetic variance in stress environments
is half that in non-stress environments. Genotypes with a high tolerance to stress were found to have low regression coefficient
stability parameters, even when a range of stress and non-stress environments was used.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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J. M. J. Ward T. Hohls M. D. Laing F. H. J. Rijkenberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(8):765-771
Grey leaf spot disease of maize (Cercospora zeaemaydis) has seriously decreased grain yields in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and has spread to infect maize in neighbouring provinces. No commercial hybrids, resistant to the disease have so far been identified, and fungicides have been shown to reduce disease severity. The response of sixty-four commercial hybrids to grey leaf spot under fungicide treatment were studied over two seasons. Overall, fungicides reduced disease severity and linear regression of gain in yield against disease severity enables the identification of hybrids with optimum responses to fungicides. Under low disease levels hybrids responded less to fungicides than under high disease levels. The most susceptible hybrids had the highest responses in control of leaf-blighting and gain in yield. Hybrids with lower-than-predicted leaf-blighting also had lower-than-predicted yield responses, indicating these to be less susceptible to grey leaf spot. These less susceptible hybrids are likely to require fewer fungicide treatments than more susceptible hybrids and are at lesser risk of serious yield losses.Abbreviations GLS
grey leaf spot
- AUDPC
area under disease progress curve 相似文献
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Summary The genetic control of endosperm modification in 12 opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines was investigated by means of a diallel cross experiment conducted across two environments. Kernel vitreousness and kernel hardness were determined by partially dominant genes. Additive gene action was largely responsible for kernel modification. A favourable general combining ability for kernel vitreousness and kernel hardness was positively correlated with an accumulation of dominant kernel modifying genes. South African sources of endosperm modifiers have been found to be similar to those used in other quality protein maize breeding programmes. Certain inbred lines displayed sufficient genetic potential for use in a quality protein maize hybrid breeding programme. 相似文献
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