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S. P. Gunaratne A. D. N. Chandrasiri W. A. P. Mangalika Hemalatha J. A. Roberts 《Tropical animal health and production》1993,25(4):249-257
Summary The productivity of a population of scavenging village chickens in Sri Lanka has been assessed, and the scavenging feed resource base has been measured and analysed. The laying period lasted 34 ± 13 days and the batch size was about 20 eggs. The households ate 71% of the egg production. The mean egg weight was 48 g and the mean size of a set of eggs was 9·4. The hatching percentage was 67 ± 32 and the liveweight at 70 days averaged 313 g with a range of 142 to 492, by which time 65% of the chicks hatched had died. The age at first lay averaged 211 days when the pullets weighed 1,160 g. The broody period lasted from 3 weeks to 4 months depending on whether the hen hatched eggs, and for how long she tended the brood. The laying hens were actively scavenging for most of the daylight hours. The average amount of scavenged feed per household flock per day was 550 g dry weight with a proximate composition of 9·4% crude protein, 9·2% ether extract and 5·4% crude fibre. More than 70% of the feed intake was household refuse (27% cooked rice, 30% coconut residue, 8% broken rice and 36% other scraps). The remainder was from the environment (13% grass shoots, 8% small metazoans and 7% paddy rice). Proximate analyses of crop contents, household refuse and its major components were carried out. Dietary Ca and P levels were low in the village, as were plasma levels of these minerals. On a balanced commercial diet plasma Ca was still lower than that of hybrid commercial chickens. Suggestions are made for improving the productivity of the scavenging system with no requirement for inputs, and with inputs.
Recurso Base Para Pollos Escarbadores De Villorrio En Sri Lanka
Resumen Se estudió la productividad de una población de pollos escarbadores en Sri Lanka y la base alimenticia se analizó. El período de postura duró 34 ± 13 dias y el grupo de unidades fue de aproximadamente 20 huevos. El consumo familiar fue de 71% de la producción. El peso promedio de las unidades fue de 48 g y el tamaño promedio de un juego de huevos fue 9·4. El porcentaje de eclosión de los mismos fue de 67 ± 32 y el peso vivo a los 70 días promedió 313 g con valores extremos de 142 a 492, con un porcentaje de mortalidad a esa edad de 65%. Le edad de postura promedió 211 dias, cuando las pollonas pesaron 1160 g. El periodo de empolle fluctuó entre 3 semanas y 4 meses dependiendo de si había enclosión de huevos, o de si la gallina (s) se encluecaban. Las gallinas escarbaban constantemente durante las horas de la mañana y tarde. El promedio de alimento tomado por grupo familiar de aves fue de 550 g peso seco con una composición aproximada de 9·4% de proteina cruda, 9·2% extracto de ether y 5·4% de fibra cruda. Más de 70% de la ingestion de alimento provino de desechos de cocina (27% arroz cocinado, 30% residuos de coco, 8% arroz partido y 36% otros residuos). El resto provino de pasto, metazoas, y 7% arroz pady. El análisis reveló niveles bajos de Ca y P en el alimento y en el plasma. Bajo una dieta comercial balanceada, los niveles de calcio plasmético fueron todavia bajos, en comparación a aquellos de hibridos comerciales. Se hacen recomendaciones para mejorar la productividad de estas aves criollas con insumos y sin ellos.
Base Des Ressources Alimentaires Des Poulets Villageois Eleves Sur Dechets Menagers Au Sri Lanka
Résumé La productivité d'une population de volailles villaqueoises se nourrissant sur les déchets ménagers au Sri Lanka a été déterminée. La base de leurs ressources alimentaires à partir de ces déchets a été mesurée et analysée. La période de ponte a duré 34 ± 13 jours et le volume a été de l'ordre de 20 oeufs. Les propriétaires ont consommé 71 p. 100 de cette production. Le poids moyen des oeufs était de 48 q et leur dimension de 9,4. Le pourcentage d'éclosion a été de 67 ± 32 et le poids vif à 70 jours de 313 g en moyenne, avec une fourchette de 142 à 492 grammes. A cette époque, 65 p. 100 des poulets couvés étaient morts. L'âge moyen à la première ponte était de 211 jours au moment où les poulettes atteignaient 1 160 q. La période de couvaison a duré de 3 semaines à 4 mois, selon que la poule pondait ou non et selon le temps passé à couver par la poule. Les pondeuses recherchaient leur nourriture très activement sur les déchets ménagers pendant le jour.La quantité moyenne de nourriture de chaque troupe individualisée par propriétaire était de 550 g, exprimée en poids sec. Sa composition approximative était la suivante: 9,4 p. 100 de protéines brutes, 9,2 p.100 d'extrait éthéré et 5,4 p. 100 de cellulose. Plus de 70 p. 100 de la prise alimentaire provenait de déchets ménagers (27 p. 100 de riz cuit, 30 p. 100 de résidu de noix de coco, 8 p. 100 de brisures de riz et 36 p. 100 d'autres restes de cuisine. Le reliquat venait de l'environnement avec 13 p. 100 de pousses d'herbe. 8 p. 100 de petits métazoaires et 7 p. 100 de riz paddy. Les auteurs ont procédé à des analyses approchées de la composition des végétaux, des refus ménagers et de leurs principaux composants. Les taux de Ca et P des rations étaient faibles dans les villages, tout comme les teneurs plasmatiques de ces minéraux. Mais, pour un régime commercial équilibré, le calcium plasmatique était encore plus bas que celui des volailles hybrides du commerce. Des suggestions sont faites pour accroître la productivité du système d'alimentation à partir des déchets ménagers avec ou sans besoins d'intrants complémentaires.相似文献
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Mohd Shahanbaj Khan Manish K. Pandey S. Hemalatha 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(5):459-467
Plants are sessile organisms that experience various abiotic stresses during their lifespan and try to adapt to these environmental stresses by manipulating their physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms. Salinity is one of the important abiotic stress that affects the metabolism and physiology of plant cells that leads to serious damage to crops and productivity. We investigated the response of two contrasting (salt susceptible and tolerant) cultivars during saline stress by modulating its effect with the application of an important natural biostimulant panchagavya (PG). The results showed that the salinity stress greatly influenced and negatively affects the plant growth, biochemical attributes, and induces the expression of various genes in both cultivars. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of PG alone and by amending with NaCl to alleviate the saline stress which showed a significant enhancement of biochemical and physiological characteristics in both cultivars. Furthermore, we assessed the response of seven autophagy associated gene (ATG1, ATG3, ATG4, ATG6, ATG7, ATG8, and ATG9), BAX Inhibitor -1 (BI-1), Mitogen activated Protein Kinase–1 (MAPK-1), WRKY53, Catalase -1 (CAT-1), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) genes in rice that displayed the differential expression pattern during saline stress in both cultivars. We concluded that saline stress can be manipulated by the application of PG and positively regulate the physiological, biochemical, and gene expression response in salt-susceptible and -tolerant rice cultivars. Furthermore, the current study also suggested that salinity is a mutifactorial and multigenic response. Autophagy and programmed cell death regulated along with salinity and was helpful in adapting the tolerance against the stress condition. 相似文献
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Thota Soujanya Srinivas Prasad Madamsetty Sandeep G Vipparthi Hemalatha Yamini K N Edukondalu Bandela Hari Prasad A S Meenakshi Sundaram Raman Revathi Ponnuswamy 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(3):300-311
Hybrid rice technology offers a great promise to produce 15% to 20% more yield than pure line varieties. The success of hybrid rice hinges on developing superior parental lines. To improve the blast resistance of hybrid rice parental line RP5933-1-19-2R, crosses were made with donors of two major blast resistance genes namely, Pi54 (Tetep) and Pi9 (IR71033–121-15) and the resulting F1s were confirmed for their hybridity by using Pi54MAS and NMSMPi9-1 genic markers. The confirmed F1s were intercrossed to obtain ICF1s and selected positive plants by markers were backcrossed to the recurrent parent, as well as selfed for advancing further to BC1F3 and ICF4 generations. The segregating plants were phenotyped for blast resistance at Uniform Blast Nursery. The identified complete restorers namely, RP 6619-1, RP 6616-26, RP 6619-3 and RP 6619-11 with Pi9 and Pi54 genes would serve as donors for broad spectrum blast resistance. This could ultimately lead to the development of new rice hybrids with improved resistance to blast disease, which is crucial for sustainable rice production and food security. 相似文献
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Bergenin, a major constituent of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler (Leguminosae) was isolated from its roots and was characterized by comparing its melting point and spectroscopic data (IR, (1)H, (13)C, Mass Spectra) with standard bergenin. Isolated bergenin was then evaluated for antidiabetic (Type 2) activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Bergenin was administered at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg; p.o. to normal rats which were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Bergenin at same dose level was given to diabetic rats and fasting blood glucose level was estimated on 0th, 7th and 14th day of treatment while plasma lipids, antioxidant enzymes and liver glycogen level in diabetic rats were estimated on 14th day of treatment followed by histopathological studies of pancreas. Bergenin at 10mg/kg; p.o. was found to reduce blood glucose level significantly in OGTT (P<0.01) while it showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at same dose level only on 14th day of treatment. Bergenin in all dose levels reversed plasma lipid (reduced elevated TC, LDL-C and increased HDL-C level) profile to normal values except TG. However, bergenin showed no significant effect on liver glycogen at all dose level. The decrease in lipid peroxides and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver illustrated the antioxidant potential of bergenin. Histopathological studies demonstrated the regenerative effect of bergenin on pancreatic β cells. Hence, bergenin isolated from C. digyna possesses significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity in Type 2 diabetic rats. 相似文献
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Shujauddin Mohammed Rajkumar Hemalatha Syed Shah Yousuf Hussain Qadri Vure Venkata Annapurna 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):687-694
Semi‐synthetic diets (SSD) are recommended and are widely used to carry out experiments in rodents. However, in our experiments planned to carry out generation studies in female Golden Syrian hamsters using semi‐synthetic diets, it was observed that the hamsters did not conceive as a result of decreased food intake. In this paper, we present the effects of both semi‐synthetic diets and natural source diets (NSD) on food intake, body weight and reproductive performance of this species. Four‐week‐old female hamsters were equally divided into 3 groups and initially acclimatized for 2 weeks on natural chow diet (NCD). Thereafter, they were fed either control diet, high fat diet (HFD) or low protein diet (LPD) based on semi‐synthetic/natural source ingredients until 12 weeks. Daily food intake and weekly body weights were monitored. Hamsters were kept for mating for about 2 weeks from 10th week onwards, during which the pregnancy confirmation test was done using standard vaginal smear examination. In all the groups fed SSD, the food intake was very poor, hamsters lost body weight and did not conceive, thus preventing us from carrying out further experiments. Hamsters fed NCD/NSD ingested more than twice as much as hamsters fed SSD (7–8 g/day/hamster against 3 g/day/hamster on average respectively). Based on the results of the current research, we conclude that the routinely used semi‐synthetic diet is not suitable for carrying out studies in female hamsters. We suggest that scientists must also consider the unusual biological characteristics of a given species besides other biological factors. It is therefore critical to select appropriate biological models and diets that provide optimal sensitivity and specificity to accomplish the research objectives. 相似文献
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Kimberly J. Hodgson Christine D. Harman Shayla Bajric Ava Cabble Amanda L. Anderson Hemalatha Palanivel David A. Taylor András M. Komáromy 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(1):31-38
Objective
The objectives of the study were to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) readings across a wide range and obtained via three rebound tonometers in ADAMTS10-mutant Beagle-derived dogs with different stages of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and normal control dogs and to investigate the effect of central corneal thickness (CCT).Animals Studied
Measurements were performed on 99 eyes from 50 Beagle-derived dogs with variable genetics—16 non-glaucomatous and 34 with ADAMTS10-OAG. Seventeen OAG eyes were measured twice—with and without the use of IOP-lowering medications.Procedures
IOP was measured in each eye using three tonometers with their “dog” setting—ICare® Tonovet (TV), ICare® Tonovet Plus® (TVP), and the novel Reichert® Tono-Vera® Vet (TVA)—in randomized order. CCT was measured with the Accutome® PachPen. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Tukey pairwise comparisons, and regression analyses of tonometer readings and pairwise IOP-CCT Pearson correlations (MiniTab®).Results
A total of 116 IOP measurements were taken with each of the three tonometers. When comparing readings over a range of ~7–77 mmHg, mean IOPs from the TV were significantly lower compared with TVP (−4.6 mmHg, p < .001) and TVA (−3.7 mmHg, p = .001). We found no significant differences between TVA and TVP measurements (p = .695). There was a moderate positive correlation between CCT and IOP for TVA (r = 0.53, p < .001), TVP (r = 0.48, p < .001), and TV (r = 0.47, p < .001).Conclusions
Our data demonstrate strong agreement between TVP and TVA, suggesting that the TVA may similarly reflect true IOP values in canines. CCT influenced IOP measurements of all three tonometers. 相似文献8.
Protective efficacy of active compounds from Phyllanthus amarus against white spot syndrome virus in freshwater crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) 
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