Prevalence and duration of insensibility following electrical stunning in calves     

Gregory NG  Anil MH  McKinstry JL  Daly CC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1996,44(1):1-3

Sixty-one calves were electrically stunned with 100-250 V currents (103-1806 mA) and the prevalence and duration of insensibility was assessed from their physical behaviour, the presence of epileptiform activity in their electrocorticograms, and the absence of visual evoked responses in their electrocorticograms. A current applied at 100 V across the head for 3 s failed to induce insensibility in all cases. Currents at 150-250 V induced insensibility in all calves and the shortest duration of insensibility was 44 s. It is recommended that a 150-200 V current would be appropriate for commercial use.  相似文献   

Jugular venous emboli of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns     

Anil MH  Love S  Helps CR  McKinstry JL  Brown SN  Philips A  Williams S  Shand A  Bakirel T  Harbour D 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(20):619-620

Emboli of central nervous tissue were detected in the jugular venous blood of two of 15 sheep stunned with a conventional cartridge-operated captive bolt gun and in two of 15 sheep stunned with a pneumatically activated gun. No emboli were detected in arterial blood from these sheep or in venous blood from sheep stunned electrically. Emboli from an animal with BSE could transmit the disease to people.  相似文献   

Identification of immunodominant antigens of adult Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)     

Kaur K  Kapur J  Parmar A  Sood ML 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(5):260-262

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Subcutaneous pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefotaxime in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)     

Suresh Kumar Sharma  Anil Kumar Srivastava 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(2):119-122

The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefotaxime following its single subcutaneous administration (10 mg/kg) were investigated in buffalo calves. Plasma and urine samples were collected over 10 and 24 h post administration, respectively. Cefotaxime in plasma and urine was estimated by microbiological assay technique using E. coli as test organism. The pharmacokinetic profiles fitted one-compartment open model. The peak plasma levels of cefotaxime were 6.48 ± 0.52 µg/ml at 30 min and the drug was detected upto 10 h. The absorption half-life and elimination half-life were 0.173 ± 0.033 h and 1.77 ± 0.02 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were 1.17 ± 0.10 l/kg and 0.45 ± 0.03 l/kg/h, respectively. The urinary excretion of cefotaxime in 24 h, was 5.36 ± 1.19 percent of total administrated dose. A satisfactory subcutaneous dosage regimen for cefotaxime in buffalo calves would be 13 mg/kg repeated at 12 h intervals.  相似文献   

Establishment of Prosopis cineraria (L.) druce in the hot deserts of India     

Sunil Puri  Anil Kumar 《New Forests》1995,9(1):21-33

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, commonly known as Jandi, is a deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. These trees are the essential component of the agroforestry land use system in these parts of India. The shade-intolerant tree reproduces poorly in nature and is difficult to propagate vegetatively. Germination up to 86.6% was observed after 15 days in seeds soaked in water at room temperature for 72 h. In another treatment, pouring of boiling water twice (at 0 and 6 h) over seeds and germinating after 12 h produced germination rates of 92.6%. Field establishment of containerized transplants in polythene bags (22×10 cm; 150 gauge) gave 90.3% survival after 6 months and 75.4% survival after 24 months. Seedlings were irrigated once during transplanting with 15 1 water. Bare root transplants and manual direct seeding after 6 months had a survival of 30.8 and 45.0%, respectively. Increased levels of nutrients (N, P and K), moisture content and organic carbon were observed under plantations as compared to open areas.  相似文献   

Detection and molecular characterization of naturally transmitted sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in India     

Richa Sood  Rekha Khandia  Sandeep Bhatia  Divakar Hemadri  Manoj Kumar  Sharan S. Patil  Atul K. Pateriya  Arshi Siddiqui  Malkanna Sanjeev Kumar  Mudalagiri Dasappa Venkatesha  Diwakar D. Kulkarni 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1037-1043

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal herpesvirus infection of domestic and wild ruminants, with a short and dramatic clinical course characterized primarily by high fever, severe depression, swollen lymph nodes, salivation, diarrhea, dermatitis, neurological disorders, and ocular lesions often leading to blindness. In the present study, fatal clinical cases of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) were identified in cattle in the state of Karnataka. These cases were initially presented with symptoms of diarrhea, respiratory distress, conjunctivitis, and nasal discharges. Laboratory diagnosis confirmed the detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) genome in the peripheral blood samples of two ailing animals. The blood samples collected subsequently from sheep of the neighboring areas also showed presence of OvHV-2 genome indicating a nidus of infection in the region. The positive test results were further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the OIE approved portion of tegument gene as well as complete ORF8 region of the OvHV-2 genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the latter region indicated close genetic relationship with other OvHV-2 reported elsewhere in the world.  相似文献   

Pressure- induced dehydration reactions and transitions in inorganic hydrates     

Sood RR  Stager RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,154(3747):388-390

Application of high pres sure at 250 degrees C irreversibly dehydrated five inorganic compounds containing molecular water to lower hydrates or to anhydrous forms. Compression at 250 degrees C also lead to ten new reversible phase transformations in another group of nine hydrates. Maximum pressure applied was 22.6 kilobars.  相似文献   

Vacuum Squeezing of Solids: Macroscopic Quantum States Driven by Light Pulses     

GA Garrett  AG Rojo  AK Sood  JF Whitaker  R Merlin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5306):1638-1640

Femtosecond laser pulses and coherent two-phonon Raman scattering were used to excite KTaO3 into a squeezed state, nearly periodic in time, in which the variance of the atomic displacements dips below the standard quantum limit for half of a cycle. This nonclassical state involves a continuum of transverse acoustic modes that leads to oscillations in the refractive index associated with the frequency of a van Hove singularity in the phonon density of states.  相似文献   

Increase in the Asian southwest monsoon during the past four centuries     

Anderson DM  Overpeck JT  Gupta AK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5581):596-599

Climate reconstructions reveal unprecedented warming in the past century; however, little is known about trends in aspects such as the monsoon. We reconstructed the monsoon winds for the past 1000 years using fossil Globigerina bulloides abundance in box cores from the Arabian Sea and found that monsoon wind strength increased during the past four centuries as the Northern Hemisphere warmed. We infer that the observed link between Eurasian snow cover and the southwest monsoon persists on a centennial scale. Alternatively, the forcing implicated in the warming trend (volcanic aerosols, solar output, and greenhouse gases) may directly affect the monsoon. Either interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis that the southwest monsoon strength will increase during the coming century as greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise and northern latitudes continue to warm.  相似文献   

Development of transgenic fungi that kill human malaria parasites in mosquitoes     

Fang W  Vega-Rodríguez J  Ghosh AK  Jacobs-Lorena M  Kang A  St Leger RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6020):1074-1077

Metarhizium anisopliae infects mosquitoes through the cuticle and proliferates in the hemolymph. To allow M. anisopliae to combat malaria in mosquitoes with advanced malaria infections, we produced recombinant strains expressing molecules that target sporozoites as they travel through the hemolymph to the salivary glands. Eleven days after a Plasmodium-infected blood meal, mosquitoes were treated with M. anisopliae expressing salivary gland and midgut peptide 1 (SM1), which blocks attachment of sporozoites to salivary glands; a single-chain antibody that agglutinates sporozoites; or scorpine, which is an antimicrobial toxin. These reduced sporozoite counts by 71%, 85%, and 90%, respectively. M. anisopliae expressing scorpine and an [SM1](8):scorpine fusion protein reduced sporozoite counts by 98%, suggesting that Metarhizium-mediated inhibition of Plasmodium development could be a powerful weapon for combating malaria.  相似文献