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1.
Variation in diosgenin levels among 10 accessions of fenugreek seeds produced in western Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taylor WG Zulyniak HJ Richards KW Acharya SN Bittman S Elder JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):5994-5997
A collection of 10 accessions of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an annual legume, was grown during two summers at three plot locations in western Canada to assess whether genetic (accession) and environmental factors (site and year of production) influenced levels of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. The 60 harvested seed samples, each analyzed by single determinations on three subsamples of defatted and dried seed material, were hydrolyzed by a microscale procedure in water containing 2-propanol (70%) and sulfuric acid (1 M). The extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with 6-methyldiosgenin as internal standard. Diosgenin levels from mature seeds ranged from 0.28 to 0.92% (28-92 microg/10 mg). Analysis of variance on combined diosgenin levels from the three sites and two years revealed that accession, accession x year, and site x year effects were significant for diosgenin content, whereas site, year, and site x accession effects were not. Four accessions, CN 19062, CN 19067, CN 19070, and CN 19071, were identified with high levels of diosgenin on the basis of the 2-year data set. In these accessions, mean levels of diosgenin plus yamogenin from seven site years were estimated at 0.70, 0.98, 0.84, and 0.87%, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Genetic diversity of seven Rhus L. species was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers. Initially, 90 primers were screened, of which 25 produced reproducible amplification products. These primers generated a total of 296 bands, with an average of 11.8 bands per primer. Out of 296 bands scored, 236 (80%) were polymorphic and 62 (20%) were monomorphic. Primers OPC-05 and OPD-05 generated 100% polymorphic bands. The resolving power of primers ranged from 9.4 to 26.8. Similarity matrix values ranged from 0.45 to 0.63. The dendrogram generated using Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) grouped all the species of Rhus in one major group with two sister groups, whilst R. pyroides Burch. and R. dentata Thunb. were outliers. R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels, R. glauca Thunb. and R. pentheri Zahlbr. constituted one sister group, while R. natalensis Bernh. ex C. Krauss and R. gueinzii Sond. were included in the other. The degree of genetic diversity observed between seven species of Rhus with RAPD markers suggest that this approach could be used for studying the phylogeny of the genus. 相似文献
3.
Surya P. Bhattarai Robert C. de la Pena David J. Midmore Kadirvel Palchamy 《Euphytica》2009,167(1):23-30
The importance of fast-trackt generation advancement in developing superior germplasm has been recognized in breeding of many
crop species. To address this issue in tomato, immature seeds were excised from fruit at different maturity stages and transferred
to culture medium. The best culture medium was modified full strength Moorashige–Skoog (MS) salts supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 IAA, 0.5 mg l−1 IBA, 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 and 2% sucrose. If the excised seeds were able to grow, most showed shoot formation after a week. Seeds extracted as early
as 10 days after pollination were successfully cultured provided they were transferred aseptically and without injury. No
morphological or physiological changes in regenerated plants and their fruit relative to the parent were detected. Germination
from immature seeds of tomato is a simpler alternative to in vitro culture of immature embryos or callus, as it can be undertaken
in comparatively less stringent laboratory conditions. Using this approach, five generations can be produced in a year in
contrast to a maximum of three generations with conventional methods. This offers an opportunity for rapid generation advancement
aimed towards population development when coupled with marker assisted selection in tomato breeding for biotic and abiotic
stress tolerance. 相似文献
4.
Sukma Surya Kusumah Kenji Umemura Ikhsan Guswenrivo Tsuyoshi Yoshimura Kozo Kanayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(2):161-172
Development of environmentally friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid has recently attracted attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of pressing temperature and time on physical properties, such as dry bending (DB), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of particleboard. Wet bending (WB), screw-holding power (SH), biological durability, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured under effective pressing temperature and time were also evaluated. Particleboards bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were manufactured as references. Effective pressing temperature and time were 200?°C and 10 min, respectively. It was clarified that DB, IB, and TS satisfied the type 18 requirements of the JIS A 5908 (2003), and were comparable to those of particleboard bonded with PF and pMDI. The WB and SH of particleboard did not satisfy type 18 of JIS. Particleboard manufactured under effective pressing conditions had good biological durability and low formaldehyde emission. Based on the results of infrared spectra measurement, the degree of ester linkages increased with increased pressing temperature and time. 相似文献
5.
Most fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. suitable for western Canada exhibit an indeterminate growth habit and take about 120 days to produce a good proportion
of high quality seed. Late maturity is a major inconvenience for seed producers in temperate climates prevalent in this region
where plants must mature within a much shorter growing season. The objective of this study was to develop early maturing fenugreek
mutants with a determinate growth habit to ensure uniform maturity within the 100 frost free days available on the Canadian
prairies. Seeds from Tristar Fenugreek, a forage cultivar developed for production in western Canada, were treated with 10–300 mM
ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for 2–24 h and plants were selected for determinate growth habit, early maturity and high seed
yield. This mutation breeding approach has detected new breeding material exhibiting early seed maturity coupled with high
seed yield, seed quality and determinate growth habit. Successful development of useful mutants in fenugreek was reported
before, but this is the first report on successful use of mutation breeding for improvement in quantitative traits in this
crop. 相似文献
6.
不同增氧滴灌方式对蔬菜生长生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究不同增氧方式对盆栽小白菜生长生理指标的影响,以小白菜为供试作物,采用盆栽地下滴灌的方式,以普通地下滴灌作为对照(CK),设置循环曝气(MAI)、双氧水(H2O2)、纯氧扩散器曝气(OC)及射流振荡器曝气(FO)4个增氧灌溉处理.结果表明,增氧地下滴灌显著提高了土壤呼吸速率,处理MAI,OC和FO较对照处理分别增大了65.87%,66.79%和111.62%.增氧地下滴灌促进了小白菜的根系生长、光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,进而提高了小白菜的物质量积累和产量.与对照相比,处理MAI的地下部鲜质量增大了42.03%,地下部干质量增大了79.85%;处理MAI,H2O2,OC和FO的光合速率分别增大了868.62%,794.14%,778.67%和650.19%;处理MAI,H2O2和OC的气孔导度较CK增大了157.14%,128.57%和85.71%,蒸腾速率增大了55.61%,32.38%和19.58%;处理MAI和H2O2的产量分别增大了56.36%和38.72%.综上,增氧地下滴灌可增强小白菜根区的土壤呼吸作用,改善光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,提高了产量及水分利用效率.其中,循环曝气处理的改善效果最为显著. 相似文献
7.
Swagatika Sahu Basanta Kumar Das Bibhudendu Kumar Mishra Jyotirmayee Pradhan Surya Kanta Samal Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1720-1730
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg?1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20‐day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme activity, superoxide anion production and serum bactericidal activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long‐term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg?1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge. 相似文献
8.
Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water logging and salinity of the soil alter both the physical and biological environment of plant roots. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of imposed aeration on yield and the physiological response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) variety Improved Apollo growing under protected conditions over a range of salinities (the salinity experiment), and under constant field capacity (FC) or drier soil conditions (the moisture experiment). Subsurface irrigation with aerated water (12% air in water) stimulated above-ground growth, and enhanced the reproductive performance through earliness for flowering and fruiting compared with the control. Fruit yield of tomato with aeration in the moisture experiment was increased by 21% compared with the control (4.2 kg versus 3.7 kg per plant), and the effect of aeration on fruit yield was greater in FC than in the drier treatment. Fruit yield was increased by 38% in saline soil due to aeration compared with the non-aerated control. Increasing salinity from 2 to 8.8 dS m−1, and 10 dS m−1 reduced fruit yield by 18% and 62%, respectively, but 4 dS m−1 did not suppress yield. Aeration in both the experiments increased plant water use and water use efficiency (WUE), expressed as weight per unit of applied water. Biomass WUE was greater by 16% and 32% in the moisture and salinity experiments, respectively. The increased yield with aeration was also accompanied by an increased harvest index (HI) defined as the proportion of dry fruit biomass to total dry biomass, greater mean fruit weight, high fruit DM, and increase in leaf chlorophyll content and shoot: root ratio, and a reduced water stress index (computed from the difference between air and leaf temperature). The benefit gained from aerating irrigation water was not only observed under conditions where air-filled porosity may be low (e.g., in poorly structure sodic soils, or at field capacity in clay soils), but also in drier soils. 相似文献
9.
Hongjun Lei Surya Bhattarai Ron Balsys David J. Midmore Thomas Holmes William Zimmerman 《Irrigation Science》2016,34(6):421-430
The wider scale use of aerated water for irrigation has been limited by dis-uniformity of aeration in the field, limited longevity of oxygen in irrigation water and lack of knowledge of what oxygen concentration brings optimal growth. Two options are presented for increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) in irrigation water: Venturi (VT) and fluidic oscillator (FO) aeration systems. Sweet corn was grown in pots to evaluate the effect of aerated water. Compared to the control treatment (CK), VT and FO showed an increase in irrigated water DO in the irrigation tank and feeding pots after aeration. Incorporation of surfactant in the irrigation water significantly improved DO level for the VT and FO treatment. Typically the DO levels reached a peak when the pump is turned off and then decline to a minimum after 24 h. The VT and FO systems had a higher magnitude and duration of the DO level in the water in all treatments compared to the CK system. The FO aeration maintained the longest duration of elevated DO in the water by a factor of two compared to the VT aeration. Compared to the CK, the best result on longevity and DO concentration was achieved using 4 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant. The corn biomass was significantly greater for the VT compared to both the FO and CK treatments. 相似文献
10.
Surya Kant David Burch Wilhelm Ehrenberger Rebecca Bitter Simon Rüger John Mason Ulrich Zimmermann German Spangenberg 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(5):602-608
Changing global climatic conditions and irrigation water shortages impose water stress conditions on crops. To develop genotypes tolerant to water stress necessitates reliable high‐throughput methods to study plant water status and water stress tolerance mechanisms. We report the use of a non‐destructive, automated, precise and rapid system for assessing real‐time water status in canola plants. Leaf patch clamp pressure probes were clamped on the leaves of four different genotypes of canola grown under field conditions. The data generated diurnal curves characterizing the pattern of turgor pressure maintenance within the leaves. A novel methodology termed ‘inverse hysteresis’ was developed to measure relative water stress levels in plants using the probe‐derived data. The inverse hysteresis data show that genotypes CT12 and CT15 had a higher ability to withstand water stress and were more tolerant to water stress than DS23 and DS35. The chlorophyll content and seed yield were also higher in CT12 and CT15. This novel analytical tool for monitoring water status in canola plants will be of great benefit in other crop species to efficiently screen genotypes for water stress tolerance. 相似文献