Respiratory physiology     

Forster RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,263(5149):998-999

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SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. L. Dumsday  K. F. Smith  J. W. Forster †  E. S. Jones ‡ 《Plant pathology》2003,52(5):628-637

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) is a serious foliar disease of the pasture and turfgrass perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Previous genetic studies have detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms, and interpretation of the genetic system is complicated by variation within the sexually reproducing pathogen. Resistant and susceptible parental genotypes of ryegrass were identified using a composite urediniospore population collected from three geographically distinct locations. A two-way pseudo-testcross mapping population was obtained as the F₁ progeny of the pair-cross between ryegrass parental genotypes Vedette₆ and Victorian₉. Both parents showed intermediate resistance against a pathogen population collected in a single geographical zone (Hamilton, Victoria), but in the F₁ population, significant variation for a range of resistance-associated characters was detected. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data suggested a major gene effect, hence bulked segregant analysis with map-assigned simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was used to scan the genome. A marker showing strong association with resistance was assigned to linkage group (LG) 2 of perennial ryegrass. Analysis of 11 LG2 SSR markers defined an interval between loci xlpssrh03f03 and xlpssrk02e02 as containing the gene or genes (LpPc1) conferring crown rust resistance. Resistance gene determinants were inherited from both parents, with up to 80% of the total phenotypic variation explained by markers segregating from Vedette₆ and up to 26% of the variation explained by markers segregating from Victorian₉. The two contributions together resulted in an additive increase in effect, with fully resistant individuals requiring determinants from both parents. A conserved syntenic relationship was observed with linkage group B of Avena strigosa, which is the location of a cluster of resistance genes to the oat form of crown rust. The implications of this study for marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass are discussed.  相似文献   

Conjunctival habronemiasis in a square‐lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)          下载免费PDF全文

Igal H. Horowitz  Richard R. Dubielzig  Ana‐Maria Botero‐Anug  Araceli Lucio‐Forster  Dwight D. Bowman  Ariella B. Rosenzweig  Shahar Frenkel  Ron Ofri 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2016,19(2):161-166

A captive female square‐lipped rhinoceros born in 1993 had been showing intermittent signs of bilateral conjunctivitis and conjunctival proliferation since 1998. Periodic improvement was noted, especially in winter, but overall the condition had deteriorated over the years. Treatment with various topical, intralesional, and systemic antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids was largely ineffective, as were repeated dewormings. No primary cause for these lesions was found in biopsies taken in 2000 and 2006, although a severe infiltrate of numerous eosinophils was observed in the latter. As the condition worsened, secondary corneal changes were noted, and eventually vision was lost due to proliferative conjunctival tissue. Aggressive resection of the proliferating tissue in 2013 restored vision and submitted biopsies yielded a diagnosis of severe allergic conjunctivitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and habronematid (Habronema or Draschia) larval infection. As no other rhinoceros in the herd was affected, including two calves born to the patient who were in close contact with their mother, it was concluded the presentation was most likely due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the dead or dying larvae. Fly repellent is now regularly applied around the eye of this rhinoceros, and a protective face mask has been fitted. Ongoing periodic relapses are treated with oral ivermectin, topical antibiotics, and steroids.  相似文献   

The detection of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, and WC1+ T lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages in fixed and paraffin embedded bovine tissue using a range of antigen recovery and signal amplification techniques     

Gutierrez M  Forster FI  McConnell SA  Cassidy JP  Pollock JM  Bryson DG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,71(3-4):321-334

In order to develop procedures to label the main bovine leucocyte populations in paraffin embedded sections, the immunoreactivity of 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to different leucocyte antigens was assessed with formal dichromate (FD5) and 10% formalin fixation, a battery of antigen retrieval (AR) methods, and the biotin-tyramide amplification system. All the leucocyte populations investigated (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, WC1+ T lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages) were strongly and specifically detectable under an appropriate combination of mAb, AR method and signal amplification system. CD4 and CD8 required the most stringent conditions and could only be demonstrated in FD5 fixed sections. For detection of CD2, WC1+ T lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages, all the mAbs produced immunoreactivity in FD5 or formalin fixed tissues. The need to check a range of different AR methods is stressed, as the method of choice varied for each individual mAb. The incorporation of the signal amplification system was necessary to observe a strong signal and the complete distribution of CD4, CD8 and B cells. Fixation by FD5 proved to be better than formalin for the preservation of surface antigens but it was inferior for the detection of markers which were found to show cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, such as the macrophage marker MAC387 or the B cell markers BAQ155 or IL-A59.  相似文献   

Social Development and Labour Force Participation: The Case of the Maori     

John Forster 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1969,10(1):78-92

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Assessment of the Intensity of Behavioural Traits and Ovulation between Synchronized and Non-synchronized Cows     

K Forster  CS Galina  M Maquivar  G Van der Laan  R Arnoni  A Verduzco 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):566-570

Thirty cyclic, non-suckled Brahman cows were divided into three groups, all of which were synchronized sequentially with CIDR-B and observed continuously for 100 h to determine different behavioural oestrus signs. Twenty-four hours after implant withdrawal, all synchronized cows in the group, together with all other cows displaying oestrus, were subjected to intensive ultrasonographic observations (every 6 h for 120 h) to pinpoint the moment of ovulation. In the first group, oestrus and ovulation response was 60% (6/10), in the second 44% (4/9) showed oestrus and six ovulated, and in the third group oestrus and ovulation were 80% (8/10). Significant differences were observed between the second and third groups (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the duration of oestrus, time when oestrus was displayed after implant withdrawal, time of ovulation and onset of oestrus, end of oestrus to ovulation, and intensity of oestrus on a point scale. The relationship between duration of oestrus and time of ovulation was r(2) = 0.16. Ovulation, on average, was 32.1 +/- 14.5 h after the onset of oestrus, 22.3 +/- 16.5 h after the end of oestrus, and 91.8 +/- 16.7 after implant withdrawal, although no significant differences were observed. One non-synchronized animal showed oestrous activity in the second group but failed to ovulate. In the third group, 8 animals showed oestrus, 4 with high concentrations of progesterone. Of the other four one ovulated. In conclusion, oestrous behaviour is not necessarily the best marker to predict the time when ovulation takes place due to variation in the length of the oestrous period and the possible integration of non-ovulatory animals into sexually active groups.  相似文献   

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ is the phytoplasma associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases     

Lia W. Liefting  Anna C. Padovan  Karen S. Gibb  Ross E. Beever  Mark T. Andersen  Richard D. Newcomb  David L. Beck  Richard L.S. Forster 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):619-623

Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S/23S spacer regions of the phytoplasmas associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases revealed minimal nucleotide differences between them resulting in the formation of a monophyletic group. Therefore, along with Australian grapevine yellows, the phytoplasmas associated with Phormium yellow leaf and papaya dieback should also be considered as Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense.  相似文献   

Sites of digestion in beef steers fed bermudagrass hay and supplemented with high-nitrogen feeds alone or mixed with tallow     

K M Landis  A L Goetschi  L A Forster  A C Brake 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1990,40(5-6):459-473

Five crossbred beef steers (329 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment with 14-d periods to determine the effects of supplementation with high-nitrogen (N) feeds alone or mixed with tallow on sites of digestion with a basal diet of bermudagrass hay. Hay was 1.93% nitrogen, 75% neutral detergent fibre and fed at 1.83% of body weight (dry matter; DM). Supplements were basal (B; 105 g DM): 81.8% dried molasses product (DMP) and 18.2% calcium carbonate (CC); soybean meal (S; 942 g DM): 88.0% soybean meal, 9.8% DMP and 2.2% CC; S mixed with 9.8% tallow (SF; 1041 g DM); corn gluten and blood meals (CB; 662 g DM): 62.5% corn gluten meal, 20.8% blood meal, 13.6% DMP and 3.0% CC; CB mixed with 13.2% tallow (CBF; 757 g DM). Total N intake was 117, 185, 187, 174 and 172 g/d, and duodenal N flow was 121, 148, 143, 162 and 169 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being lower for B than for other treatments and higher for supplements with the corn gluten and blood meal mix than for soybean meal (P less than 0.05). Duodenal microbial N flow was 39, 51, 49, 38 and 45 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being greater (P less than 0.05) for supplements with soybean meal than with corn gluten and blood meals. Duodenal flow of feed N was greater (P less than 0.05) with than without high-N feeds and for supplemental corn gluten and blood meals than for soybean meal (78, 90, 86, 117 and 116 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively). In conclusion, mixing of tallow and high-N feeds did not affect the extent of ruminal N disappearance, and soybean meal supplementation increased duodenal N flow less than did supplementation with corn gluten and blood meals. Increased duodenal N flow with soybean meal was associated with about equal elevations of ruminal outflow of microbial and feed N, whereas the corn gluten-blood meal mix affected the intestinal protein supply by increasing ruminal escape of feed protein.  相似文献   

Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise     

W. Forster  Th. A. Wohlfahrt 《Journal of pest science》1967,40(1):13-13

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, purpura, and anemia in 6 neonatal piglets     

Forster LM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(8):855-857

A hemorrhagic diathesis due to neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia occurred in a sow herd consisting of F I large white X Landrace females. Colostrum, containing maternal antibodies incompatible with platelet antigens inherited from the sire, was ingested and absorbed by the piglets. Six piglets were affected and displayed signs of lethargy and depression with petechiation, ecchymosis, and severe bruising of the skin. All 6 piglets died or were euthanized by 3 days of age.  相似文献