Laboratory diagnosis and disease occurrence in the current African swine fever eradication program in Spain, 1989–1991     

Steen Bech-Nielsen  Maria Louisa Arias  Jesus Panadero  Jose M. Escribano  Concepcion Gomez-Tejedor  Q. Perez Bonilla  J. M. Sanchez-Vizcaino 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1993,17(3-4):225-234

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of decline and geographical distribution by municipality of clinical and subclinical African swine fever (ASF) in the affected areas of Spain. A second aim was to evaluate the performance of diagnostic tests in the Spanish ASF eradication program. Clinical outbreaks were confirmed using both the direct and indirect immunofluorescence test (and if both were negative, by the hemabsorption test). The serological status of swine was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and suspect serum samples were confirmed by the immunoblot assay.

The number of clinical outbreaks (herds) of ASF for 1989, 1990 and 1991 was 170, 347 and 207, respectively. The numbers of municipalities within each affected province experiencing acute outbreaks for the same time periods were 49, 69 and 48, respectively. Serologically diagnosed animals positive for ASF were 1.1% of animals tested in 1989, 0.5% in 1990 and 0.8% in 1991. The corresponding positive predictive values of the standard ELISA test used were 99.0, 97.9 and 98.8, respectively. Similarly, the number of municipalities within each affected province experiencing serologically positive subclinically infected animals was 269, 178 and 147 for each of the years 1989, 1990 and 1991, respectively.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Olive Cultivars for Resistance to Verticillium dahliae     

F.J. López-Escudero  C. del Río  J.M. Caballero  M.A. Blanco-López 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):79-85

Resistance of 23 important olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae has been evaluated in four experiments under controlled conditions. Nine-month-old nursery olive plants were inoculated with a cotton non-defoliating (ND) (V4) or a cotton defoliating (D) (V117) isolate of V. dahliae. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using a 0–4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed and of those which recovered from the disease were used as additional parameters for including a particular cultivar into a defined category. Most of the evaluated cultivars were susceptible, although at different levels, to both isolates of V. dahliae. All cultivars were more susceptible to the D pathotype than to the ND one. A group of 11 cultivars, including several important Spanish cultivars, were susceptible or extremely susceptible to both pathotypes of V. dahliae. A second group showed differences of resistance depending on the pathotype used. They were susceptible or extremely susceptible to the D pathotype but resistant or moderately susceptible to the ND one. Finally, 'Frantoio', 'Oblonga' and 'Empeltre' were moderately susceptible to the D isolate of V. dahliae and resistant to the ND one. The resistance of 'Empeltre' was evident by the plant ability to recover from infection with either isolates. 'Empeltre' is considered to be a valuable cultivar for inclusion in breeding programmes for resistance to Verticillium wilt.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle          下载免费PDF全文

D. N. Q. Cunha  C. L. del Rio  B. L. Youngblood  E. L. Ferris  G. E. Geist  Y. Ueyama  L. C. Franz  S. Mathur  R. L. Hamlin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):274-280

The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY^® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dt_max: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dt_min: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.  相似文献   

The Olsen P/solution P relationship as affected by soil properties     

I. Sánchez‐Alcalá  M. C. del Campillo  V. Barrón  J. Torrent 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(4):454-462

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Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling of cefquinome in nonpregnant,pregnant, and lactating goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration     

Nicols Javier Litterio  Augusto Matías Lorenzutti  María del Pilar Zarazaga  Martín Alejandro Himelfarb  Manuel Ignacio San Andrs‐Larrea  Juan Manuel Serrano‐Rodríguez 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):68-78

Cefquinome is a fourth‐generation cephalosporin that is used empirically in goats. Different physiologic factors like pregnancy or lactation could determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the organism. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration in adult nonpregnant (n = 6), pregnant (n = 6), and lactating goats (n = 6), at a dose of 2 mg/kg, with rich sampling by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling, (b) conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended posology in goats with different physiological states, and (c) determine the optimal posology that achieve a PTA value ≥ 90%, taking into account a T > MIC ≥ 60% of a MIC value ≤ 0.25 µg/ml, in the different subpopulations of goats for both routes. Gestation significantly increased Ka and V1, while reduced F0, Cl, and Q. On the other hand, lactation significantly increased V1 and reduced Tk0. Cefquinome concentrations achieved in placental cotyledon, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum indicate a minimal penetration across the placental barrier. Moreover, milk penetration of cefquinome was minimal. The total body clearance of cefquinome for goats was 0.29 L kg^?1 hr^?1, that is apparently higher than the reported for cows (0.13 L kg^?1 hr^?1) and pigs (0.16 L kg^?1 hr^?1). So, the optimal dose regimen for cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration required higher dose and frequency of administration compared with recommendations for cows or pigs. Therefore, 2 mg kg^?1 8 hr^?1 and 5 mg kg^?1 12 hr^?1 could be used for IV and IM routes, respectively, for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica, but only 5 mg kg^?1 12 hr^?1 by both routes should be recommended for Escherichia coli infections.  相似文献   

Quantification of reservoir bags as airway pressure-limiting devices in a nonrebreathing system     

Tamas D. Ambrisko  Arnon Gal  Jesus N. Sarol  Ashley Mitek  Christina Braun 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(2):205-212

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of reservoir bag types, volumes and previous use on the peak pressures (Pmax) and the times to develop 30 cmH₂O pressure (P30) within a nonrebreathing system with a closed adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve.Study designIn vitro study using three-way factorial design with repeated measure on one factor.SubjectsA total of 75 new anesthesia reservoir bags (five types, three volumes, five bags from each type × volume). The bag types were reusable latex (RL), disposable latex (DL) and three disposable neoprene (DN-1, DN-2 and DN-3).MethodsEach bag was tested three times (treatments): new, after prestretching and 1 week later. The bags were attached to a Bain system and anesthesia machine with closed APL valve and patient port with O₂ flow 2 L minute^–1 until Pmax was reached. The Pmax and time to reach P30 values were determined from recorded pressure traces. General linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the effects of bag type, volume and treatment. One-sided 95% upper prediction limits of Pmax were calculated to test the null hypothesis that predicted Pmax of new bags would be ≥ 50 cmH₂O for each factor combination.ResultsRL bags were the least and DN-3 bags were the most compliant. Prestretching increased compliance in all bag types. Smaller bags of RL, DL and DN-1 were less compliant than larger ones. The predicted Pmax values were < 50 cmH₂O only for DN-3 bags after prestretching. The time to reach P30 was critically low when using 0.5 L bags (median 17 seconds).Conclusions and clinical relevanceTo minimize the risk of barotrauma, highly compliant reservoir bags (e.g. DN-3) are recommended and reusable bags should be avoided. Bags should be prestretched before first use, 0.5 L bags should be avoided and fresh gas flow minimized.  相似文献   

Intake,digestibility and performance of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal     

Alana Batista dos Santos  Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira  Herymá Giovane de Oliveira Silva  Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho  Taiala Cristina de Jesus Pereira  Leandro Sampaio Oliveira Ribeiro  José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo  Maria das Graças Conceição Parada Costa Silva  Larisse Borges Sousa  Leandro Borges Sousa  Daiane de Oliveira Alencar 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(3):509-515

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The use of midday leaf water potential for scheduling deficit irrigation in vineyards   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Girona  M. Mata  J. del Campo  A. Arbonés  E. Bartra  J. Marsal 《Irrigation Science》2006,24(2):115-127

Midday leaf water potential (Ψ_md) was monitored for 3 years at a commercial vineyard (cv. Pinot Noir) under four irrigation strategies. Three treatments were established based on irrigating vines with 4–6 mm/day, when daily measured Ψ_md was more negative than the pre-defined threshold. After the first experimental year, thresholds were adjusted for each treatment as: (1) Control (C), irrigated when Ψ_md was less than −0.6 MPa at the beginning of the season and gradually fell to −0.8 MPa at about mid-June, after which the threshold was maintained at −0.8 MPa until harvest. (2) Control–Deficit (CD), irrigated as C from bud-break to mid-June (around the middle of Stage II of fruit growth), and from then until harvest when Ψ_md decreased below −1.2 MPa. (3) Deficit–Deficit (DD), irrigated when Ψ_md was less than −1.0 from bud break to mid-May (about the middle of fruit growth Stage I), and after that time the Ψ_md threshold became −1.2 MPa until harvest. A fourth treatment was applied following a soil water budget approach (WB). All treatments were replicated five times but irrigation in the Ψ_md-based treatments were independently applied to each of the replicate plots, whereas irrigation for WB was applied equally to all replications. The more site-specific information obtained from Ψ_md thresholds in C provided substantial advantages for yield homogeneity and repeatability of results with respect to WB, thus demonstrating the method’s greater ability to account for spatial variability. Average applied water for the 3 years in C, CD, and DD was 374, 250, and 178 mm, respectively, while the yields were 11.8, 9.2, and 6.1 kg/vine, respectively. The CD treatment produced better juice quality than C, and was superior in other quality parameters to both C and DD. However, over the study period, an important carryover effect was observed in the yields and the grape size of CD, which tended to diminish from year to year relative to C.  相似文献   

Mapping QTLs for Yield Stability in Durum Wheat Grown under Different Water Regimes     

Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops  durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore  improving water-use efficiency 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):223-223

Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops, durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore, improving water-use efficiency （WUE） of durum wheat represents a major breeding goal. IDu-WUE （Improving Durum wheat for Water Use Efficiency and yield stability through physiological and molecular approaches） is a collaborative project among public and private research centres in Italy, Spain and WANA （West Asia and North Africa） countries （Morocco, Tunisia, Syria and Lebanon） funded by the European Union aimed at investigating the genetic variation for WUE and yield stability in durum wheat grown in Mediterranean droughtprone areas. During the first year of the project, a number of morpho-physiological traits （e.g. early vigour, flowering time, leaf rolling, number of fertile tillers, etc.）, WUE, WUE-related traits （e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc.）, yield and its components have been investigated in a RIL population （249 lines） and a collection of ca. 190 durum wheat accessions characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium （Maccaferri et al., 2005）,  相似文献   

Outdoor mass microalgae production in Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico     

Domenico Voltolina  María del Pilar Snchez-Saavedra  Luz María Torres-Rodríguez 《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,38(2):93-96

The diatom Chaetoceros muelleri was grown in outdoor mass cultures under the winter, spring and summer conditions of Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico. The solar irradiance in winter was close to 60% of that available in spring and summer, but the cell concentrations and the harvestable biomass were one order of magnitude higher in spring and summer than in winter. There was no difference between the biomass harvested after 2 and 3 days in winter and summer, whereas in spring it was higher after 3 days. The protein content was significantly lower in winter, and carbohydrates and lipids were higher in winter and spring. The number of cells and the amount of harvestable biomass of outdoor cultures of C. muelleri depend on the temperature prevailing in each season, which causes significant differences in growth rates and in biochemical composition.  相似文献