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1.
Poultry litter (PL) is a significant source of nutrients, but a suitable amount of carbon needs to be added as a bulking agent during its composting to a stable nutrient source. Here, we characterized the transformation of phosphorus and other plant nutrients during aerobic composting of PL with sugarcane (SW) and cabbage waste (CW) for 120 d. Periodic samples were collected during composting and analyzed for total C, P (and its fractions), K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, EC and pH. At the initial stage of composting (20 d), the P fractions varied in the order: water soluble P > NaHCO3-P (readily plant-available) > HCl-P (Ca+Mg-bound) > residual-P > NaOH-P (Fe+Al-bound). After 120 d, the order was HCl-P > residual-P > water-P > NaHCO3-P > NaOH-P. These variations suggested a transformation of labile Pi to more recalcitrant forms during composting. Water soluble P was the dominant fraction during the initial composting period. This declined progressively with time of composting, while the HCl-P increased, confirming the transformation of the more vulnerable water soluble P to the more recalcitrant HCl-extractable P. This indicated that the composting could be a useful way of managing manure for P stabilization and reducing its losses in runoff water following land application. The total C varied directly with the ratio of sugarcane and cabbage wastes in the manure but was inversely related to the duration of composting. Extractable K, Ca, Mg, and Na increased whereas trace elements concentrations decreased with time of composting. The higher availability of basic plant nutrients and reduced availability of heavy metals in the mature compost are valuable attributes for safe use in sustainable agricultural production.  相似文献   
2.
Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.  相似文献   
3.
ABSTRACT

The study demonstrated S. alfredii is an excellent cadmium (Cd)/zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator as Cd and Zn concentrations in leaves reached 2,183 and 13,799 mg kg?1 DW, respectively. There was a significant increase in root morphological parameters induced by 50 and 500 μM Zn supplement; however, a sharp decrease in these parameters occurred when treated with 100 μM Cd +1000 μM Zn. The inhibited root dehydrogenase activity in 100 μM Cd treated plants was restored to control levels when supplemented with 500 μM Zn. Moderate Zn supplement did not produce significant changes in (malondialdehyde) MDA concentrations as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Variations of the antioxidative enzymes proved an ineffective role in coping with metal-stress in S. alfredii. Combined Cd and Zn treatment significantly enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in leaves of S. alfredii, as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Thus, Zn may rely on the involvement of GSH in detoxification and tolerance.  相似文献   
4.
Four known flavonoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia moorcroftiana.  相似文献   
5.
Our study on maturity indices of Aesculus indica Colebr.seeds was conducted under temperate Kashmir conditions in 2006.Seed collection was started from 15 July and continued until the maturation of seeds in December.The seeds were harvested fortnightly from identified trees and on each collection date maturity indices,viz.seed color,seed weight,moisture content,seed dimension,specific gravity and germination percentage were recorded.The study revealed that at the time of maturity (Nov.–Dec.) the seed color ...  相似文献   
6.
本研究对已获得的转α-微管蛋白基因SoTUA的T2代甘蔗株系进行PCR扩增及测序,从检测阳性的转基因甘蔗中选6个转基因株系（T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）与非转基因野生型甘蔗对照（WT）进行了低温胁迫（4 ℃）处理,在处理0、5、10 d测定甘蔗叶片丙二醛（MDA）和渗透调节物（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白）含量以及过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,并采用RT-qPCR法分析了低温处理下甘蔗叶片α-微管蛋白基因的表达情况。结果表明：在4 ℃低温处理下,6个转SoTUA基因甘蔗与WT中α-微管蛋白的转录因子表达量随着胁迫时间的延长上调表达。胁迫后5、10 d转基因株系的相对表达量始终高于WT甘蔗,低温处理10 d时转基因T1显著高于其他株系（P<0.05）。在低温胁迫下,甘蔗的MDA含量逐渐增高,而转基因甘蔗增幅显著低于WT甘蔗,10 d时转基因株系MDA的含量比WT低41.77%（P<0.05）;POD活性在不同株系之间变化趋势不同,但转基因甘蔗POD活性显著高于WT甘蔗（P< 0.05）;转基因T1、T2、T4、T6株系的SOD活性随着胁迫天数增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,而WT与转基因T3、T5的SOD活性逐渐升高;甘蔗的可溶性糖含量逐渐上升,转基因甘蔗的可溶性蛋白含量在0 d显著高于野生型甘蔗,胁迫后变化趋势在株系之间有所差异;转基因甘蔗SoTUA相对表达量与可溶性糖含量呈极显著的正相关。利用隶属函数综合分析评价,抗寒性排序结果为：T3>T2>T1>T5>T6>T4>WT。在低温胁迫下,转基因甘蔗SoTUA基因的上调表达能提高甘蔗的抗寒性,且具有遗传稳定性。  相似文献   
7.
Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is low in cereals especially in wheat. Different wheat cultivars may vary in NUE due to inherited biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) potential. In this study, three wheat cultivars (Punjab-2011, ARRI-2011 and Millat-2011) were fertilized at the rate of 140?kg ha?1 with three N sources [nitrophos (NP), urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)]. The soil nitrate (NO3?)-N contents were significantly enhanced coupled with simultaneous decrease in ammonium (NH4+)-N contents in the rhizosphere of cultivar Punjab-2011, fertilized with NP; however, cultivar Millat-2011 receiving urea behaved in contrast. Wheat cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with NP had the highest grain yield and agronomic NUE than other treatments due to significant increase in chlorophyl contents, allometric and yield parameters. The highest net benefit was recorded from the cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with CAN. In conclusion, use of NP in Punjab-2011 enhanced the grain yield and agronomic NUE.  相似文献   
8.
The effects of Copper (Cu) on growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford cv. pubescens) were investigated. The dry weight of Moso bamboo was inhibited and significant differences were evident under Cu stress as compared to the control (CK). Solution culture experiments indicated that Moso bamboo had a strong ability to accumulate Cu in shoots. Copper accumulation in the stem was stronger than the leaves; the stem/root ratio could reach 0.20 under Cu stress. The changes in cell walls, stomata, vacuoles, and starch grains content were observed via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that the excessive Cu concentrations caused deformities in the chloroplasts and transformation and even disappearance of endoplasmic reticulum. Moso bamboo as an experimental material serves as a new tool for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils due to its metal tolerance and excessive biomass production.  相似文献   
9.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - In tropical countries, one of the major threats for diary animal production is climate change. Ambient management interventions are beneficial and are the...  相似文献   
10.
The mango kernel is a byproduct of mango processing industries and it contains appreciable quantities of edible oil and quality proteins. In the present research, wheat flour was partially replaced with defatted mango kernel flour up to 30% and blends were further utilized for the preparation of biscuits. The nutritional and functional properties of flour blends were determined in the first phase. The second phase dealt with product analysis and sensorial appraisal from the trained taste panel. The results indicated that the addition of mango kernel flour improved the mineral and fiber content of flour blends. The addition of mango kernel flour affected emulsifying and foaming properties of flour blends negatively, while water and oil absorption improved positively from 60.76 ± 2.39% to 86.29 ± 2.51% and 81.81 ± 2.94% to 123.87 ± 5.39%, respectively. The results might be due to lower bulk density of blends. The cookies prepared from flour blends showed improved color tonality and textural characteristics. Sensorial appraisal from a trained taste panel was awarded to cookies containing 15% and 20% defatted mango kernel flour, however, the rating was slightly less than the control. The results were conclusive that defatted mango kernel can be used at 15% and 20% with significant consumer acceptability. Future aspects of the present research include the extraction of principal ingredients, e.g., starch and proteins, for value addition.  相似文献   
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